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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 13 Documents
 1   2 
Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 1 (2020)" : 13 Documents clear
Epithelial Cells Count and the Ratio of Leukocytes and Epithelial Cells as the Criteria to Determine Qualified Specimen for Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)-causing Pathogens Identification Ade Dharmawan; Anis Karuniawati; Pratiwi Pudjilestari Sudarmono; Delly Chipta Lestari; Cleopas Martin Rumende
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i1.873

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common infectious with serious rate of morbidity and mortality. Recent conventional method only described 30-50% of CAP etiology. Sputum specimen quality assessment is important to obtain an accessible CAP-causing pathogens identification.METHODS: This was a prospective descriptive study involving 100 specimens from CAP-diagnosed subjects in Budhi Asih Regional General Hospital inpatien tcare. We assessed three gram-staining criteria for specimen quality determination, and continued by bacterial identification.RESULTS: All specimens were qualified according to criteria II, while only 94 and 96 specimens were qualified according to criteria I and III, respectively. Sixty-five specimens could be identified by culture and pneumoCLART polymerase chain reaction (PCR) examination, and the 35 specimens remained unknown. Ten out of those 35 specimens were positive after analyzed by Acid-fast Bacilli (AFB) test. The pathogens we identified including Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.6%), Acinetobacter baumanii (10.2%), Enterobacter cloacae (4.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.6%), Staphyloccocus aureus (4.6%), Moraxella catarrhalis (3.7%), Enterobacter aerogenes (2.8%), Escherichia coli (2.8%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1.9%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (1.9%) and Citrobacter koseri (0.9%).CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences among the three criteria for sputum specimen quality assessment, based on culture and pneumoCLART examination. We suggest that criteria II could be used to avoid many specimen rejections while good quality specimens still attained for accessible bacteria identification.KEYWORDS: community-acquired pneumonia, sputum, gram stain, pathogens, bacteria
Comparison of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) and Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) for Heart Failure Treatment in Congenital Heart Diseases with Left-to-Right Shunt Alit Utamayasa; Mahrus Ahmad Rahman; Teddy Ontoseno; Budiono budiono
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i1.997

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have become the forefront of heart failure treatment for more than a decade. Currently, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are thought to have similar effectiveness. This study aimed to compare the impact of captopril, one of ACEI, and valsartan, one of ARB, on clinical presentation and echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and chest x-ray improvement in patients with left-to-right shunt congenitalheart diseases.METHODS: This study used a double-blind randomized controlled trial of captopril and valsatran to children with left-to-right shunt congenital heart diseases who suffer from heart failure in the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Pediatric heart failure scores, echocardiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and chest photographs were examined at the beginning of the study and after 30 days of treatment.RESULTS: A decrease in pediatric heart failure scores were showed after the administration of ACEI (7.06±2.04 vs. 4.75±2.43; p<0.0001; 95% CI: −2.98 - 1.65); ARB (6.81±2.25 vs. 3.94±1.98; p<0.0001; 95% CI: −3.76 to 1.98). The echocardiography examination, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), % fractional shortening (FS), and left ventricular (LV) dimension occurred after the administration of ACEI and ARB. The values also didn’t significantly differrent between the two groups. The ECG evaluation showed a decrease in heart rate frequency after the administration of ACEI (117.75±14.67 vs. 109.63±17.59; p=0.039; 95% CI: −15.78 to −0.46) and ARB (117.10±21.86 vs.108.6±20.66; p=0.006; 95% CI: −14.17 to −2.83).CONCLUSION: ARB showed better outcome in clinical condition, echocardiography, ECG, and chest radiographs.KEYWORDS: captopril, valsartan, heart failure, congenital heart disease, left to right shunt 
Environmental Enrichment and Aerobic Exercise Enhances Spatial Memory and Synaptophysin Expression in Rats Diah Ayu Aguspa Dita; Nurul Paramita; Ria Kodariah; Neng Tine Kartinah
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i1.945

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Exposure to environmental enrichment has a positive effect on brain function, including improved cognition. Environmental enrichment has many aspects, including social interactions, object stimulations, and physical activities. Exercise and environmental enrichment can be considered to improve cognitive function with different underlying mechanisms. This study aims to compare the effects of environmental enrichment and aerobic exercise at both synaptic and whole-organism levels using synapyophysin as a measure of synaptic physiology and spatial memory as a measure of cognitive function.METHODS: A six-week in vivo experimental study on 15, 6-month old male Wistar rats randomly divided into three groups (n=5): aerobic group (A), enriched environment group (EE), and enriched with an aerobic or combined group (EEA). All rats were tested four times in the Water-E maze (WEM) task at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6 of the study. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the synaptophysin expression in hippocampal CA1 region.RESULTS: Based on synaptophysin immunostaining, there were higher optical density scores for synaptophysin in hippocampal CA1 region following EEA, but there were no statistically significant differences between groups (ANOVA test, p>0.05). The spatial memory test showed there were significantly reduced travel time and total errors from the 2nd and 4th weeks in the EEA group, respectively (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: The combination of enriched environment and aerobic exercise seems to rapidly improve spatial memory and enhances the presynaptic protein, synaptophysin in hippocampal CA1 region.KEYWORDS: aerobic exercise, environmental enrichment, spatial memory, synaptophysin, Water-E maze
Alpha Lipoic Acid Inhibits Expression of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Rat Models Ismawati Ismawati; Enikarmila Asni; Mukhyarjon Mukhyarjon; Ilhami Romus
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i1.906

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an accelerated atherosclerotic macrovascular disease affecting medium-sized arteries. Several evidences support the role of oxidative stress in atherogenesis. However, the role of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) to prevent atherosclerosis is still debatable. This study was conducted to determine the effect of 60 mg/kg/day ALA for 21 days toward the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in rat model.METHODS: Eighteen male rats were divided into three groups labelled as control group, type 2 DM (T2DM) group, and T2DM+ALA group. The T2DM rat models were created by intraperitoneally injecting 50 mg/kg streptozotocin, followed by 110 mg/kg nicotinamide. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the ICAM- 1 expression in rats. Quantitative image analysis of immunohistochemical stains was done on the abdominal aorta using Adobe Photoshop CS3 to find the area percentage and intensity. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the mean value of area percentage and intensity.RESULTS: There was an increase in area percentage and intensity of ICAM-1 expression. The highest area percentage of ICAM-1 expression was found in the DM group, while the lowest was found in the control group. There were significant differences in the area percentage and intensity between DM+ALA group and DM group, where the area percentage and intensity of ICAM-I in DM group was higher than the DM+ALA group.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ALA inhibits the expression of ICAM-1 in T2DM rat models.KEYWORDS: atherosclerosis, ICAM-1, alpha lipoic acid
Differentiation of Low-Grade and High-Grade Glioma Using the Combination of Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value Rahmad Mulyadi; Mochammad Hatta; Andi Asadul Islam; Bachtiar Murtala; Jumraini Tammase; Reninda Ananda Aman; Eka Susanto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i1.996

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) may have a role in predicting tumor grade for gliomas and may in turn assist in identifying tumor biopsy sites. In this study, we aimed to determine the added value of a joint approach of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and cMRI to determine of low grade and high-grade glioma, compare to cMRI alone.METHODS: Data were collected from 56 glioma patients, who underwent examinations and received treatment at Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, from the period of 2015–2018. Inclusion criteria was patients who underwent cMRI with a DWIADC sequence and patient that were diagnosed with glioma according to the histopathological results. Pathology reports of the imaging results were reviewed independently. A receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis assessed the predictive potential of cMRI and ADC values for low-grade and high-grade gliomas.RESULTS: Fifty-six subjects met the inclusion criteria. The combination of MRI and ADC values increased sensitivity (to 90%) and negative predictive value (to 92.9%), and also improved the negative likelihood ratio (to 0.14). However, the combination of MRI and ADC values had the highest area under the curve (78.6%) and sensitivity (78.6%), which was similar to the separated examination.CONCLUSION: The combination of ADC value and conventional MRI increases sensitivity in differentiating low-grade and high-grade glioma compared to separated examination.KEYWORDS: glioma, conventional MRI, ADC value
The Correlation of L-citrulline Levels with Blood Pressure in Severe Preeclampsia Hudila Rifa Karmia; Afriwardi Afriwardi; Hirowati Ali; Johanes Cornelius Mose; Yusrawati Yusrawati
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i1.964

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Based on 'vascular disorder of pregnancy' terminology, preeclampsia primarily was not a hypertensive disorder, but a vascular disorder (general vasospasm) in pregnancy due to idiopathic etiology. The overall incidence of preeclampsia was 5-14% of all pregnancies. One of the substances responsible for regulating vascular tone is nitric oxide (NO), which produced in endothelial blood vessels. NO and L-citrulline are produced altogether by the reaction between L-arginine and oxygen. L-citrulline levels reflected NO production. This study was aimed to assess the correlation between the L-citrulline level and blood pressure in severe preeclampsia.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done in Dr. M. Djamil Central General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia The sample size was 36 samples of pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and had yet been given antihypertensive therapy. Sampling was done by consecutive sampling from Obstetrics and Gynecology Division. After maternal examination and measurements L-citrulline levels of cubital venous blood by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, Pearson correlation was performed to assess the relationship between variables for normally distributed data and Spearman's correlation for abnormal distribution data with significance level p<0.05.RESULTS: Means of L-citrulline levels, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and arterial pressure (MAP) were 87.21 nmol/mL, 179.4 mmHg, 108.3mmHg, and 132.1 mmHg, respectively. Correlation of the L-citrulline level with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP were -0.08, -0.175, and -0.136 (p>0.05), respectively.CONCLUSION: L-citrulline levels had no correlation with blood pressure in severe preeclampsia.KEYWORDS: L-citrulline levels, blood pressure, severe preeclampsia
Two or Three Consecutive Days Albendazole Treatment Has Better Efficacy than Single-Dose Albendazole Treatment for Trichuriasis Dina Evalina Gultom; Muhammad Ali; Ayodhia Pitaloka Pasaribu; Syahril Pasaribu
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i1.920

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is endemic in Indonesia. Singledose albendazole is routinely used to control STH infections. Some studies found that repeated-dose of albendazole showed better efficacy. There is no study in Indonesia to compare single-dose and repeated-dose albendazole for against STH infections.METHODS: A randomized, open clinical trial was conducted in July-September 2018 among primary school children. Stool samples were collected before treatment and on day 7, 14, 21, and 28 after treatment then stained using the Kato-Katz method. Group I received three consecutive days, group II received two consecutive days, and Group III received single-dose of albendazole. Cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate (ERR) were compared using Chi-square tests, and eggs per gram (EPG) was compared using the Kruskal Wallis test (p<0.05).RESULTS: One hundred ninety-five subjects enrolled and divided into 65 subjects in each group. The CR and ERR of trichuriasis after three consecutive days (79.5% and 97.4%) and two consecutive days regimen (70.3% and 91.9%) were higher than single-dose regimen (32.2% and 74.6%) with p<0.001, but not for ascariasis or hookworm infection. The highest efficacy was found in three consecutive days regimen group. Trichuris trichiura EPG was significantly different among the three groups on day 7, 14, 21, and 28 after treatment (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: Three and two consecutive days albendazole have better efficacy than single-dose of albendazole for trichuriasis, but not for ascariasis or hookworm infection. Two consecutive days albendazole is better choice for treating trichuriasis with more adherence and less side effect than three consecutive days regimen.KEYWORDS: soil-transmitted helminth infection, albendazole, single-dose, repeated-dose
Zinc Supplementation Effect on the Bronchial Cilia Length, the Number of Cilia, and the Number of Intact Bronchial Cell in Zinc Deficiency Rats Andy Darma; Alpha Fardah Athiyyah; Reza Gunadi Ranuh; Wiweka Merbawani; Retno Asih Setyoningrum; Boerhan Hidajat; Siti Nurul Hidayati; Anang Endaryanto; Subijanto Marto Sudarmo
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i1.998

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Airway epithelium is the first line of defense against a variety of exposures. Inflammatory processes, hyperresponsiveness and zinc deficiency cause epithelial damage. Zinc is involved in apoptosis and microtubule formation. However, its role in the integrity of bronchial mucosa and cilia is unclear.METHODS: To assess the effect of zinc on the integrity of the bronchial epithelium, 24 male Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar rats were randomized into four experimental groups: normal zinc diet group without zinc supplementation, normal zinc diet group with 60 ppm zinc supplementation, zinc deficient diet group without zinc supplementation, and zinc deficient diet group with 120 ppm zinc supplementation. Bronchial mucosal integrity was measured with the number of epithelial cells, and the number and length of cilia.RESULTS: Number of cell in normal zinc diet group was 8.8±1.82, while it was only 8.1±1.08 in zinc deficient diet group (p<0.001). Number of cilia per cell was 4.6±1.08 in normal zinc diet group, compared to 4.0±0.79 in zinc deficient diet group (p<0.001). Ciliary length also differ by 7.68±0.66 μm in normal zinc diet group and only 5.16±0.91 μm in zinc deficient diet group (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: Zinc supplementation of the normal zinc diet group affected the length of bronchial cilia. Zinc supplementation of the zinc deficient diet group affected the integrity of the bronchial epithelium, which was shown by the number and length of cilia, and the number of epithelial cells.KEYWORDS: zinc, bronchial epithelial integrity, cilia length, number of cilia, epithelial cell 
Interferon-g-Inducible Protein 10 for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children Stefani Candra Firmanti; Rina Triasih; Tri Wibawa; Sofia Mubarika Haryana
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i1.973

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging by the absence of a practical gold standard. Interferon (IFN)-ginducible protein 10 (IP-10) is a chemokine that may serve as the leading candidate marker in child TB diagnosis. The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of IP-10 in the diagnosis of TB in children.METHODS: We recruited eligible symptomatic and asymptomatic children aged <15 years actively by contact investigation and passively from inpatient and outpatient clinics in two hospitals, in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We conducted clinical examination and chest X-ray in all eligible children. Sputum smear and the rapid molecular TB test were performed in children with TB symptoms. All participants underwent blood sampling for IFN-g Release Assay and IP-10 test.RESULTS: A total of 79 children were recruited to this study. Twelve children were with TB disease, 16 with latent TB infection (LTBI), 40 were TB-exposed only and 11 were non-TB. Children with evidence of TB infection either with TB disease or LTBI had higher levels of antigen-stimulated IP-10 compared to non-infected children, both TB exposed only and non-TB (p=0.000). A cut-off 408.74 pg/mL for antigen-stimulated IP-10 showed high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of TB infection (AUC: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92-1.00, sensitivity: 92.3%, and specificity: 91.9%). However, the stimulated levels of IP-10 between children with TB disease and LTBI were not significantly different (p=0.268).CONCLUSION: IP-10 performed well to diagnose TB infection in children. However, it cannot be used to differentiate TB infection from TB disease.KEYWORDS: IFN-g, IP-10, latent TB, active TB, children
Role of HIF-1, Siah-1 and SKN-1 in Inducing Adiposity for Caenorhabditis elegans under Hypoxic Conditions I Gede Widhiantara; Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari; I Wayan Rosiana; I Wayan Putu Sutirtayasa; Ferbian Milas Siswanto
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i1.1007

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia has been shown to be able to induce adiposity. However, the mechanism and factors involved in this effect still remains unclear. Hence, we sought to investigate the role of oxygensensitive factors regarding hypoxia-induced adiposity in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.METHODS: The C. elegans were grown on nematode growth medium (NGM) agar plates seeded with Escherichia coli OP50 at 20°C. The ratio of width/body length was measured using the morphometry analysis. Fat accumulation was examined using Sudan Black methods. Protein levels of sterol binding protein (SBP)-1 were assessed by immunoblotting. Lifespan assay was performed at 20°C and was monitored every two days.RESULTS: The results showed that of all mutant used, only hif-1 mutant which did not experience an increase in the ratio of width/body length (p>0.05) and fat accumulation (p>0.05), indicating that hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced adiposity. Both siah-1 and skn-1 mutants experienced SBP-1 protein elevation (p<0.05), and increased fat-6 mRNA expression (p<0.05) which were not experienced by a hif-1 mutant (p>0.05) further supporting that HIF-1 acts as an upstream regulator fromSBP-1.CONCLUSION: In general, the results of this study provide evidences of the involvement of the transcription factor HIF-1 in inducing adiposity under the hypoxic conditions. However, we did not find the involvement of seven in absentia homolog-1 (Siah-1) and skinhead-1 (SKN-1).KEYWORDS: hypoxia, adiposity, fat, HIF-1, Siah-1, SKN-1, C. elegans

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