cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
-
Contact Email
-
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
-
Editorial Address
-
Location
,
INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 10 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 16, No 3 (2024)" : 10 Documents clear
Elevated Serum Tumor Markers (HE4 and ROMA Score) and Increased Treg Cells Distinguished Ovarian Cancer and Benign Tumor Hutapea, Manuel; Syamsudin, Syamsudin; Kurnia, Iin; Fattah, Miswar; Hikmat, Ujang Saeful; Putri, Vinessa Gracia
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i3.3027

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tumor markers such as human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), and risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) are frequently utilized for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Lymphocytes, essential immune cells, play a significant role in eliminating cancer cells. However, the precise correlation between tumor markers and lymphocytes remains incompletely elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between tumor markers and lymphocyte subtype profiles in differentiating ovarian cancer and benign tumors.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 12 ovarian cancer and 17 benign ovarian tumor patients. Blood samples were collected for the characterization of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK), and T regulatory (Treg), which were analyzed using flowcytometry. Additionally, tumor markers HE4 and CA-125 were measured from patient serum using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method.RESULTS: Benign ovarian tumors and ovarian cancer can be distinguished by a significant increase in HE4 levels (p=0.004), ROMA (p=0.004), and Treg cells (CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+, p=0.017). Furthermore, the correlation between tumor markers and lymphocytes indicates that an increase in ROMA was weakly correlated with an increase in the percentage of T regulatory cells (CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+, r=0.553, p=0.006) and B lymphocytes (CD19+, r=0.528, p=0.010), accompanied by a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes (CD3+, r=-0.598, p=0.003), T helper lymphocytes (CD3+CD4+, r=-0.594, p=0.003), and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+, r=-0.510, p=0.013).CONCLUSION: The elevation of serum tumor markers (HE4 and ROMA) accompanied by an increase in Treg cells can distinguish between benign ovarian tumor patients and ovarian cancer patients.KEYWORDS: tumor marker, CA-125, HE4, ROMA, subtype of lymphocytes, ovarian cancer
Cosmos caudatus Leaf Extract Triggers Apoptosis of HSC-3 Cancer Cells by Decreasing Bcl-2 and Increasing Bax Sandra, Ferry; Rizal, Muhammad Ihsan; Dhaniar, Afifah Yumna; Scania, Alifah Evi; Lee, Kyung Hoon
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i3.3137

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that Cosmos caudatus leaf extract (CCLE) exhibits cytotoxic effects against various types of human cancer. However, the CCLE cytotoxic effect towards oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells has not been investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CCLE towards the viability and apoptosis in human oral squamous carcinoma (HSC)-3 cells.METHODS: HSC-3 cells were treated with various concentrations of CCLE for 24 h. The number of viable HSC-3 cells were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), meanwhile the apoptotic HSC-3 cells were measured using sub-G1 assay. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using flow cytometry. Bcl-2 and Bax protein content of HSC-3 cells were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: CCLE treatment could decrease the number of HSC-3 viable cells and increase the percentage of HSC-3 apoptotic cells in concentration-dependent manner. In mitochondrial membrane potential assay, CCLE-treated group displayed a peak shifment from 104 to 103. Bcl-2 protein contents of CCLE-treated group were decrease in concentration-dependent manner, meanwhile Bax protein contents of CCLE-treated group were increase in concentration-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: CCLE could trigger apoptosis in HSC-3 cells by decreasing Bcl-2 protein content and increasing Bax protein content in concentration-dependent manner, leading to intrinsic apoptotic pathway.KEYWORDS: Cosmos caudatus, HSC-3, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, Bcl-2, Bax
Biochanin A Has Protective and Therapeutic Effects against Li2CO3-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats Model Alamri, Zaenah Zuhair; Alfaifi, Soliman Mohammed
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i3.3077

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Long-term usage of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) as treatment of bipolar disorder might cause nephrotoxicity. Li2CO3-induced nephrotoxicity usually treated by renal dialysis, which is quite expensive. Usage of natural products that possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as biochanin A (BCA) may be useful against Li2CO3 nephrotoxicity. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate Li2CO3 nephrotoxic effects and BCA therapeutic and protective effects against it.METHODS: Twenty-eight rats divided into 4 groups: negative control (NC), Li2CO3, Li2CO3 + BCA therapeutic, and BCA + Li2CO3 protective group. Complete blood picture, serum kidney function tests (urea, creatinine, and cystatin C) and kidney tissue homogenate oxidative stress index as malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. While, kidney histopathological changes were evaluated under light microscope.RESULTS: Li2CO3 administration elicited significant changes in hematological parameters as hypochromic anemia, decreased platelets and leukocytosis. Serum urea, creatinine and cystatin C were elevated. Renal homogenate analysis revealed significant elevation of MDA and decline in GST, CAT, SOD levels. Kidney histopathology analysis revealed hemorrhage between renal tubules, glomerular capillaries congestion, Bowman’s space dilatation, structural alterations in renal tubules cells include loss of brush border, deeply stained nuclei and elevated in size and number of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Therapeutic and protective groups of BCA showed amelioration of hematological alteration, kidney functions, oxidative stress markers and restoration of kidney tissues.CONCLUSION: BCA has both protective and therapeutic effects against Li2CO3-induced nephrotoxicity possibly through the reduction of oxidative stress.KEYWORDS: biochanin A, hematological changes, kidney, lithium carbonate salt, oxidative stress, protective effects, therapeutic effects
Lycopene Enhances the Beta Cell Capacity and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Metformin on Type 2 Diabetic Rats Nugroho, Heri; Sianturi, Medina; Retnoningrum, Dwi; Susiloningsih, Neni
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i3.2989

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia causes dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin monotherapy is known to be less effective at improving glycemic status, insulin function, and lipid profiles. Lycopene is a potential antioxidant and has been shown to be hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic. However, the effects lycopene and metformin combination are still up for debate. This study was conducted to determine the potential of lycopene in enhancing the ability of metformin to improve glycemic status, insulin resistance, beta cell capacity, and lipid profile of T2DM rats.METHODS: Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups: control (N), T2DM-untreated (D), T2DM + metformin (DM), T2DM + metformin + 10 mg/kgBW lycopene (DMLy-10), T2DM + metformin + 20 mg/kgBW lycopene (DMLy-20), and T2DM + metformin + 40 mg/kgBW lycopene (DMLy-40). The treatment was administered once daily through oral route and lasted for 28 days, before blood samples were collected. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was assessed by oxidase-peroxidase method, fasting serum insulin and HbA1c were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while lipid profile was determined using enzymatic methods. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (Homa-IR) as well as the homeostatic model evaluation of β-cell function (Homa-B) were then calculated.RESULTS: Fasting serum insulin levels increased significantly (p<10.05) in the DMLy-20 and DMLy-40 groups, but Homa-B or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) did not significantly increase. Additionally, the FBG, HbA1c, Homa-IR, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels were not significantly decreased than in the group treated with metformin alone.CONCLUSION: Lycopene can enhance the ability of metformin to improve the glycemic status, insulin resistance, beta-cell capacity, and lipid profile of T2DM rats.KEYWORDS: dyslipidemia, Homa-B, insulin resistance, lycopene, metformin, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract Increases Interleukin-2 in Malnutrition Rat Model Dwiningsih, Fortuna; Natzir, Rosdiana; Ilhamuddin, Ilhamuddin; Yustisia, Ika; Sulfahri, Sulfahri
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i3.2950

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a global health concern that results in changes in nutritional status, as indicated by alterations in phenotypic markers, hematological and biochemical parameters, and increased susceptibility to infection, as shown by decreased interleukin (IL)-2 levels. Andrographolide, the active component of Andrographis paniculata, stimulates the immune system and exhibits antibacterial and antiviral activity. Therefore, A. paniculata may serve as a potential adjuvant therapy for malnutrition. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of A. paniculata as an immunomodulator against malnutrition with characteristics of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and a low-protein diet by examining phenotypic markers, hematological, biochemical, and IL-2 levels.METHODS: Forty-five male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. They were fed either a standard or a low-protein diet before receiving oral administration of various concentrations of A. paniculata leaf extract (APLE). APLE was administered 21 days after the initial low-protein diet. Hematological, biochemical, and phenotypic markers were assessed to determine the nutritional status of the rats. The protective effects of APLE were evaluated by measuring IL-2 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: Malnourished rats exhibited slow body growth, physical and behavioral changes, reduced leukocyte count, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and villi length. Malnourished rats treated with APLE showed a more effective and significant increase in IL-2 levels, with higher concentrations of APLE resulting in higher IL-2 levels.CONCLUSION: APLE, in a concentration-dependent manner, can increase IL-2 levels, suggesting that APLE may have potential protective effects in a rat model of malnutrition.KEYWORDS: Andrographis paniculata, environmental enteric dysfunction, interleukin (IL)-2, low protein, malnutrition
Serum DNase1, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 as Risk Factors for Lupus Nephritis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Manuaba, Ida Ayu Ratih Wulansari; Suryana, Ketut; Bakta, I Made; Sudarmaja, I Made
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i3.3052

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Early detection and management of lupus nephritis (LN) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are essential to prevent irreversible kidney damage and improve patient outcomes; therefore, identifying reliable biomarkers to predict LN is paramount. However, there are still relatively few studies examining the potential biomarkers for LN in SLE patients. This study was conducted to investigate serum deoxyribonuclease I (DNase), soluble tumor necrosing factor 1 (sTNFR1) and soluble tumor necrosing factor 2 (sTNFR2) as a risk factor for LN in SLE patients.METHODS: A case-control study involving SLE patients aged 20-60 years was conducted. Blood was withdrawn from each subject for the measurement of serum level of DNase1, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 that was performed using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) methods. Data was then analyzed using Chi-Square test and logistic regression tests.RESULTS: A total of 22 patients with LN and 22 without LN were included. The cut-off value for DNase1, sTNFR1, and sTNFR2 were 5.05 ng/mL, 6.52 ng/mL, and 7.02 ng/mL, respectively. The risk factors of LN in SLE patients were the low level of serum DNase1 (aOR=6.64; 95%CI: 1.25-35.29; p=0.026), low level of serum sTNFR1 (aOR=8.12; 95% CI: 1.56-42.10; p=0.013), and low level of serum sTNFR2 (aOR=5.57; 95%CI: 1.03-30.11; p=0.046).CONCLUSION: Serum DNase1 lower than 5.05 ng/mL, sTNFR1 lower than 6.52 ng/mL, and sTNFR2 lower than 7.02 ng/mL were risk factors for lupus nephritis in SLE patients. Hence, serum DNase1, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 could be used as risk factors predictors for LN in SLE patients.KEYWORDS: DNase1, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, SLE, lupus nephritis
Maternal Zinc Diet Impairs Learning and Memory in Offspring Rats through the CREB/BDNF Pathway Novi Dewi Tanjung; Nieka Adhara Wahono; Ninik Mudjihartini; Ani Retno Prijanti
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i3.3021

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Zinc released into the synaptic cleft able to modulate various signaling pathways, including brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB). Zinc binding to its receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 39 (GPR39), may trigger biochemical pathways leading to cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-dependent gene transcription that subsequently promotes BDNF upregulation. Therefore, zinc dyshomeostasis should be considered as a condition that induces disruption of CREB/BDNF signaling. This study was conducted to examine the effect of maternal zinc diet on hippocampal expression levels of CREB and BDNF in offspring.METHODS: One-day pregnant rats were randomly divided into five groups: zinc-deficient (D), zinc-restricted (R), zinc-adequate (A), zinc-supplemented (S), and excess zinc-supplemented (ES). The groups had different zinc diets during pregnancy and lactation. The behavioral function of the offspring was tested with Y-maze at the 43th postnatal. Hippocampus was isolated, BDNF was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and CREB was examined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS: Spatial working memory measurement demonstrated that D and ES group exhibited a significantly lower spontaneous alternation than other groups. The qRT-PCR and ELISA analysis revealed the hippocampal expression level of BDNF and CREB decreased in groups D and ES, but tended to increase in groups R and S, until the highest expression peak was found in group A.CONCLUSION: High and low intake of zinc induces lower expression of BDNF and CREB in hippocampus, which further impairs learning and memory. Our findings suggest the signaling pathway of CREB/BDNF is involved in zinc dyshomeostasis-induced cognitive impairments.KEYWORDS: hippocampus, BDNF, CREB, TrkB, GPR39, zinc, diet, LTP
A Potential Pathogenic SRD5A2 Mutation and rs632148, rs523349 and rs522638 Polymorphisms in Increasing the Risk of Syndromic Hypospadias in Indonesian Population Rizki Diposarosa; Yunisa Pamela; Herry Herman; Yunia Sribudiani
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i3.2968

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypospadias, a congenital birth defect in male, is the opening of the urethra located on the ventral side of the penis. Several mutations in SRD5A2 encoding steroid 5 alpha-reductase type 2 protein have been identified in hypospadias and polymorphisms in this gene have been known to be associated with an increased risk of hypospadias. In this study, several crucial molecular analyses of the SRD5A2 gene and the association of the identified variants to the risk of syndromic hypospadias in Indonesian population were conducted.METHODS: Thirty-two isolated and 29 syndromic hypospadias patients were enrolled in this study. DNA was isolated from whole blood for the amplification of all exons and exon-intron boundaries of SRD5A2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by Sanger sequencing. In silico analysis was performed using PolyPhen-2, Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant (SIFT) and Align GVGD. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-squared test.RESULTS: A novel missense mutation c.32T>C/p.Leu11Pro was identified in one isolated hypospadias patient and the in silico analysis predicted the mutation to be pathogenic. Three polymorphisms were identified, two in the non-coding region (c.-62G>C/rs632148 and c.281+15T>C/rs522638) and one in exon-1 (c.265C>G/p.Val89Leu/rs523349). Mutant alleles of these polymorphisms were significantly associated with syndromic hypospadias with odds ratios (OR) of 3.4, 3.13 and 2.54 respectively.CONCLUSION: This study suggests that SRD5A2 mutation is one of the causes of hypospadias in Indonesian population and rs632148, rs523349 and rs522638 polymorphisms are significantly associated with an increased risk of syndromic hypospadias.KEYWORDS: mutation, polymorphism, SRD5A2, syndromic hypospadias
The Combination of Gardenia jasminoides, Boswellia serrata, Commiphora myrrha, Foeniculum vulgarae, and Daucus carota Essential Oil Blend Improved the Inflammatory and Clinical Status in Respiratory Tract Infection of COVID-19 Patients: A Multicentre, Randomized, Open-label, Controlled Trial Lestari, Keri; Babikian, Haig; Kulsum, Iceu Dimas; Ferdian, Ferdy; Ismail, Efriadi; Sumalim, Yelsen; Setiawan, Setiawan; Santoso, Prayudi; Hartantri, Yovita; Arifin, Arief Riadi; Meiliana, Anna; Sormin, Ida Paulina; Sugiono, Erizal
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i3.3023

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Essential oils (EO) are complex volatile, naturally synthesized compounds from aromatic plants. It considers as healthy, effective, and safe since they were coming from nature. Gardenia jasminoides, Boswellia serrata, Commiphora myrrha, Foeniculum vulgarae, and Daucus carota are known to have antimicrobials, antioxidants, antiinflammation properties against respiratory tract infection. However, despite its natural content, a safety profile needs to be observed. Therefore, in this study, EO blend (EOB) made from the combination of these 5 plants was assessed for its efficacy and safety for respiratory tract infection in human.METHODS: A multicentre, randomized, open-label, phase II controlled trial involving 80 hospitalized adults with COVID-19 was conducted. One group of subjects only received standard of care (SoC), while the other group receive SoC and EOB orally for 10 days.RESULTS: There were significant decrease in interleukin (IL)-6 level (p=0.016) and interferon (IFN)-γ level (p=0.012), as well as better respiratory rate (p=0.024) for the group receiving SoC and EOB compared to the group receiving SoC only. However, there was no significant differences in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, and the corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation value in both groups. All subjects with adverse effects were improved and recovered, and there were no serious adverse events found.CONCLUSION: The combination of G. jasminoides, B. serrata, C. myrrha, F. vulgarae, and D. carota EOB could improve the inflammatory and clinical status and safe to be used as adjuvant therapy for treating COVID-19 in adults.KEYWORDS: essential oils, COVID-19, inflammation, safety
Combined Sleeve Gastrectomy and Omentoplasty Improves Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obese Rats with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trials Nugroho, Heri; Mughni, Abdul; Putranto, Indra Kusuma Adi; Prasetya, Anggoro Teguh; Novitasari, Vicky
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i3.3047

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often associated with obesity, which can lead to chronic inflammation. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a common treatment for obesity. Combining SG with omentoplasty, might help reducing inflammation in pancreatic beta cells. However, there is limited research regarding the combined effects of SG and omentoplasty in type 2 DM (T2DM). This study was conducted to fill this gap by evaluating the impact on body weight, insulin resistance, glucagon expression, and levels of interleukins (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-10 in obese rats with type II DM.METHODS: An experimental study was conducted on 18 obese Wistar rats with DM that were randomized into: control, T1 (SG), and T2 (SG + omentoplasty). SG involved the surgical removal of a portion of the stomach to reduce its size, while omentoplasty utilized the omentum to target inflammation in pancreatic beta cells. Venous blood samples were taken from subjects one day before and ten days after the intervention to measure the biomedical parameters with various methods. Data was statistically analyzed using paired t-tests for pre-test and post-test differences, and Post Hoc tests or Mann-Whitney tests for hypothesis testing.RESULTS: All rats were confirmed to have obesity and DM according to the Lee index and blood glucose levels. T2 group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values were lower, and glucagon expression, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were significantly greater compared to both control and T1 groups.CONCLUSION: The combination of SG and omentoplasty significantly improves inflammation and insulin resistance in obese rats with T2DM.KEYWORDS: diabetes mellitus, sleeve gastrectomy, omentoplasty, inflammation, obesity

Page 1 of 1 | Total Record : 10

 1 

Filter by Year

2024 2024


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol 17, No 5 (2025) Vol 17, No 4 (2025) Vol 17, No 3 (2025) Vol 17, No 2 (2025) Vol 17, No 1 (2025) Vol 16, No 6 (2024) Vol 16, No 5 (2024) Vol 16, No 4 (2024) Vol 16, No 3 (2024) Vol 16, No 2 (2024) Vol 16, No 1 (2024) Vol 15, No 6 (2023) Vol 15, No 5 (2023) Vol 15, No 4 (2023) Vol 15, No 3 (2023) Vol 15, No 2 (2023) Vol 15, No 1 (2023) Vol 14, No 4 (2022) Vol 14, No 3 (2022) Vol 14, No 2 (2022) Vol 14, No 1 (2022) Vol 13, No 4 (2021) Vol 13, No 3 (2021) Vol 13, No 2 (2021) Vol 13, No 1 (2021) Vol 12, No 4 (2020) Vol 12, No 3 (2020) Vol 12, No 2 (2020) Vol 12, No 1 (2020) Vol 11, No 3 (2019) Vol 11, No 2 (2019) Vol 11, No 1 (2019) Vol 10, No 3 (2018) Vol 10, No 2 (2018) Vol 10, No 1 (2018) Vol 9, No 3 (2017) Vol 9, No 2 (2017) Vol 9, No 1 (2017) Vol 8, No 3 (2016) Vol 8, No 2 (2016) Vol 8, No 1 (2016) Vol 7, No 3 (2015) Vol 7, No 2 (2015) Vol 7, No 1 (2015) Vol 7, No 1 (2015) Vol 6, No 3 (2014) Vol 6, No 2 (2014) Vol 6, No 1 (2014) Vol 5, No 3 (2013) Vol 5, No 2 (2013) Vol 5, No 1 (2013) Vol 4, No 3 (2012) Vol 4, No 2 (2012) Vol 4, No 1 (2012) Vol 3, No 3 (2011) Vol 3, No 2 (2011) Vol 3, No 1 (2011) Vol 2, No 3 (2010) Vol 2, No 2 (2010) Vol 2, No 1 (2010) Vol 1, No 3 (2009) Vol 1, No 2 (2009) Vol 1, No 1 (2009) More Issue