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INDONESIA
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal
Published by The Prodia Education and Research Institute
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Public Health
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 621 Documents
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Simvastatin Improves Renal Function and Glomerulosclerosis in Ischemic-reperfusion Injury Putu Nita Cahyawati; Desak Putu Oki Lestari; Ayu Savitri Siskayani; I Made Toya Ariawan
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.1082

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Statin is an anti-cholesterol drug that is widely prescribed throughout the world. Statins are mainly used to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease. Several studies have found the pleiotropic effect of statin. However, related effect of statin in kidney failure is still unclear. Ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute kidney failure. This study aims to determine the effect of simvastatin on kidney function and glomerular conditions by periodic acid-schiff staining in I/R injury.METHODS: Eighteen male Swiss mice were grouped into sham operation group (GSO), I/R injury group (GIRI), and simvastatin group (GSIM). The GSO group was performed by sham operation and pretreatment of 1% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) for 3 days. The GIRI group was performed by I/R procedure and pretreatment of 1% CMC for 3 days and the GSIM group was performed by I/R procedure and pretreatment of 10 mg/kg BW simvastatin for 3 days. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine serum were assessed to determine kidney function. Histopathological analysis of glomerulosclerosis was assessed by the extent of glomerular damage (sclerosis), capillary loops, and synechia. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test (p<0.05).RESULTS: The creatinine and BUN levels in the GIRI group were the highest (0.97±0.48) compared with the other groups. The glomerulosclerosis index in the GSO group was 0.75±0.56, the GIRI group was 3.55±0.61, and the GSIM group was 2.08±1.37. There was a significant difference in the glomerulosclerosis index between the GSO and GIRI groups, but there was no significant difference between the GIRI and GSIM groups. These differences include the formation of sclerosis in the glomerulus, capillary loop, and synechiae.CONCLUSION: Simvastatin improves kidney function and glomerulosclerosis in I/R injury.KEYWORDS: ischemic-reperfusion injury, simvastatin, glomerulosclerosis
Association of CCL7 Promoter Polymorphism with Responsiveness to Allergen in Cynomolgus Macaque Model of Asthma Sela Septima Mariya; Fitriya Nur Annisa Dewi; Eric Hayes; Villiandra Villiandra; Yasmina Arditi Pramastri; Diah Iskandriati; Uus Saepuloh; Joko Pamungkas; I Nengah Budiarsa; Dondin Sajuthi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.1093

Abstract

BACKGROUND: C-C motif Ligand 7 (CCL7) has been reported to be associated with asthma severity in humans. Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis; Mf) are often used as animal model of asthma but little is known about Mf genetic profile such as polymorphism. Our aim was to identify CCL7 polymorphism in Mf as a potential surrogate marker for identification of allergen responsiveness in the Mf model of asthma.METHODS: Real-time PCR was performed on archive of bronchoalveolar fluid samples previously collected from Mf that were exposed to allergen. Expression of CCL7 mRNA was evaluated, and sequencing technique was used to identify polymorphism in this gene.RESULTS: The results showed that CCL7 expression did not differ between Mf, despite a trend of lower expression in Mf that exhibited high response to allergen. By direct DNA sequencing of CCL7, 10 sequence variants were identified; three in promoter region (-460 G/A, -459 A/G, -456 -/A ), two in exon 1 (9 A/G, 65 G/C), four in intron 1 (135 T/C, 254 T/C, 420 T/C, 453 A/G), and one in intron 2 (1205 T/A).CONCLUSION: There was an association between Mf sensitivity to allergen with CCL7 promoter polymorphism at (-456 -/A). These results suggest that CCL7 may be a potential genetic marker to identify Mf sensitivity to allergen, which could be a useful tool to efficiently select for Mf model of asthma.KEYWORDS: asthma, CCL7, allergy, Ascaris suum, nonhuman primate
Dedifferentiation of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Continuous Cell Line, Development of Breast Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) Enriched Culture and Biomarker Analysis Ami Ashariati Prayogo; Andi Yasmin Wijaya; Winona May Hendrata; Steven Sheng Looi; Reny I’tishom; Lukman Hakim; Fedik Abdul Rantam; I Ketut Sudiana; Abdurachman Abdurachman
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.977

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) eradication might serve as a robust approach for cancer eradication. MCF-7 as breast cancer continuous cell line is known to contain breast CSCs (BCSCs) for its capability to maintain its original tumor population. CSCs enriched culture is a fundamental tool for CSCs targeted therapy development. Effective and unsophisticated CSCs dedifferentiation protocol for producing CSCs enriched culture is needed.METHODS: MCF-7 cells were cultured initially in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) low glucose medium then changed to DMEM:F12. Serum starvation was performed during each medium refreshment gradually with fetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration of 10%, 5%, 2.5% until reaching 1% FBS concentration. Stable MCF-7 culture was then adapted to serum free culture system, containing DMEM:F12, epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and B27 supplement as dedifferentiation protocol for 18 days. Cluster of differentiation (CD)44 and CD24 double staining immunocytochemistry was performed to evaluate cell stemness.RESULTS: The population of cells expressing BCSCs markers (CD44+/CD24low) in non-adherent single cells subpopulation was significantly increased after the dedifferentiation procedure (70.39%) compared to control groups (0.71%) (p<0.05). In contrast, the expression of BCSCs marker in adherent single cells subpopulation and for both adherent and non-adherent mammosphere the BCSCs markers showed a stable expression.CONCLUSION: BCSCs enrichment of breast cancer cell cultures from MCF-7 breast cancer cell line can be performed. Breast cancer cell plasticity is observed during the dedifferentiation protocol. Development of dedifferentiation inducing protocols can serve as an important foundation for breast cancer therapy development through BCSCs elimination.KEYWORDS: breast neoplasms, cell line, dedifferentiation, immunohistochemistry, neoplastic stem cells
Low Level of Vitamin D is Correlated with High C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Disease Activity in Indonesian Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) Patients Desy Wulandari; Wisnu Barlianto; Tita Luthfia Sari
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.1143

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D plays essential role in the regulation of inflammation, such as in pathogenesis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Vitamin D deficiency has been reported among JIA patients, but there were conflicting results regarding the correlation with disease activity. This study aimed to assess vitamin D serum level and its correlation with C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and disease activity in JIA patients.METHODS: Children who were diagnosed with JIA according to International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criterias were enrolled as JIA group subjects, while age and sex-matched healthy children were enrolled as the control group subjects. Vitamin D and CRP serum level were measured. Disease activity of JIA patients was calculated by Juvenile Arthritis Disease ActivityScore-27 (JADAS-27).RESULTS: Vitamin D serum level was lower in the JIA group compared to the healthy control group (p=0.000). Among 26 JIA patients, 61.5% were deficient, 30.8% were insufficient, and 7.7% had normal vitamin D. No significant different in CRP level between vitamin D group (p=0.441), but there was significant different in JADAS-27 (p=0.001). The mean of CRP and JADAS-27 were found highest in vitamin D deficiency group. Vitamin D serum level was negatively correlate with CRP (p=0.021, r=-0.452) and JADAS-27 (p=0.001 r=-0.595).CONCLUSION: Low level of vitamin D in JIA patients was inversely related to higher CRP and disease activity,suggesting that vitamin D supplementation could be havepotential role in JIA treatment.KEYWORDS: vitamin D, CRP, disease activity,JADAS-27, JIA
Microbiological and Biochemical Contamination Analysis of Refilled Drinking-water in Abeli, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi Juminten Saimin; Hartati Hartati; Yenti Purnamasari; Sufiah Asri Mulyawati; Tien Tien; Pranita Ayitrina
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.871

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The access to safe drinkingwater is increasingly difficult, especially in water catchment or coastal areas. Due to the difficulty, people in coastal areas tend to consume ready-to-use refilled drinking-water. However, the sanitation facilities on most drinking-water refill depots do not meet the requirements, hence really prone to microbial contamination. We conducted this study to determine the types of bacteria causing the contamination of refilled drinking-water from refill depots in Abeli, a coastal area in Kendari.METHODS: Samples were collected from all 6 drinkingwater refill depots in Abeli. Three-series fermentation tubes were used for the microbiological test, including the presumptive, confirmative and completed tests. The biochemical test was performed with indole test, methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer test, and citrate utilization test (IMViC) methods and the triple sugar iron agar (TSIA) test.RESULTS: Among 6 refilled drinking-water samples, we found the growth of coliform bacterial colonies in 3 samples, exhibiting various characteristics. Based on the characteristics, both microbiological and biochemical, the identified bacteria were Proteus sp., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca.CONCLUSION: Bacteria that contaminated refilled drinking-water in Abeli were Proteus sp., E. coli and K. oxytoca. Continuous supervision is required to ensure the quality of water from drinking-water refill depots.KEYWORDS: bacteria, Proteus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, coastal areas, refilled drinking water
Circulating Plasma miRNA-21 as a Superior Biomarker Compared to CA 15-3: Assessment in Healthy Age Matched Subjects and Different Stage of Breast Cancer Patients Merlyna Savitri; Ugroseno Yudho Bintoro; Made Putra Sedana; Muhammad Noor Muhammad; Pradana Zaky Romadhon; Putu Niken Ayu Amrita; Andi Yasmin Wijaya; Winona May Hendrata; Ami Ashariati Prayogo
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.1142

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate antigens 15-3 (CA 15-3) is a conventional tumor marker in breast cancer, with low sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNA (miRNA)-21 showed its stability in circulation and could serve as powerful biomarker. The aim of this study was to evaluate miRNA-21 as breast cancer biomarker compared to CA 15-3 in Indonesian population.METHODS: Circulating plasma miRNA-21 expression was measured using qRT-PCR in 49 patients at various stages of breast cancer and 16 healthy controls. The relative expression value of miRNA-21 was calculated using 2-ΔΔCt. Meanwhile, CA 15-3 was quantified using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) methods. The results of miRNA-21 and CA 15-3 plasma circulating expression were compared with controls at each stage and between stages of breast cancer.RESULTS: CA 15-3 median level in breast cancer group was 1.60 times higher compared to control group (p=0.019), 21.00 m/mL and 13.05 m/mL, respectively. Median miRNA-21 expression in breast cancer group was elevated 4.92 folds compared to control group (p=0.001), 4.43 and 0.90, respectively. There was no significant difference of CA 15-3 level between controls and all stages of breast cancer group. CA 15-3 cut-off value was 15.05 m/mL (p=0.016) with 59.2% sensitivity and 62.5% specificity. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference of miRNA-21 expression between controls and most stages of breast cancer group. Circulating miRNA-21 expression cut-off value was 2.07 (p=0.000) with 91.8% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity.CONCLUSION: Circulating miRNA-21 expression and CA 15-3 levels were significantly increased in breast cancer group compared to control group. The miRNA-21 expression increased consistently with breast cancer stage progression. miRNA-21 could serve as superior biomarker compared to CA 15-3.KEYWORDS: biomarker, breast cancer, circulating plasma, liquid biopsy, miRNA-21
Current Progress in Adipose Tissue Biology: Implications in Obesity and Its Comorbidities Anna Meiliana; Nurrani Mustika Dewi; Andi Wijaya
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.1171

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Obesity has been decades become a highly interest study, accompanied by the realization that adipose tissue (AT) plays a major role in the regulation of metabolic function.CONTENT: In past few years, adipocytes classification, development, and differentiation has been significant changes. The white adipose tissue (WAT) can transform to a phenotype like brown adipose (BAT) type and function. Exercise and cold induction were the most common factor for fat browning; however batokines such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21, interleukin (IL)-6, Slit homolog 2 protein (SLIT2)-C, and Meteorin-like protein (METRNL) perform a beneficial browning action by increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1α protein levels, a key factor to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) transcription, thus change the WAT phenotype into beige.SUMMARY: AT recently known as a complex organ, not only bearing a storage function but as well as the master regulator of energy balance and nutritional homeostasis; brown and beige fat express constitutively high levels of thermogenic genes and raise our expectation on new strategies for fighting obesity and metabolic disorders.KEYWORDS: obesity, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, beige adipose tissue, inflammation, IR, metabolic disease
Administration of Vitamin D3 Improves Hemoglobin Level by Regulating TNF-a and IL-6 in DSS-induced Colitis Mice Ervin Monica; Primayuni Dhia Hasanah; Arief Fadillah; Rara Aulia; Eko Sulistijono; Satrio Wibowo
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.1045

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Anemia is frequently found in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and assumed to be related to inflammatory process. Vitamin D3 (VD) is known to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. It also has the potential to be an alternative treatment of the inflammatory process that occurs at UC, however its mechanism has not been clearly established. This study aimed to assess the effect of VD on histopathology and hemoglobin levels in UC through its regulation in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6.METHODS: Total samples of 24 mice were divided equally into Sham group, UC group, UC+VD group (given 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) followed by VD), and VD+UC group (given VD followed by 3% DSS). Mouse Colitis Histology Index (MCHI) was used to measure histopathological changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in colon. Evaluation of anemia was determined by hemoglobin levels.RESULTS: Based on MCHI scores, significant epithelial damage was found in colon sample of UC group (8.25±3.05) compared to Sham (0.33±0.26), UC+VD (2.33±1.07), and VD+UC group (2.83±0.75) (p<0.05). Significant lower numbers of TNF-α were found in Sham (27.33±3.42), UC+VD (36.33±1.86), and VD+UC group (36.68±1.86) compared with UC group (44.66±4.87) (p<0.05). Significant less IL-6 expression was found in Sham (18.05±2.96), UC+VD (24.78±0.79), and VD+UC group (25.09±2.79) compared to UC group (38.85±3.51) (p<0.05). Differences in hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in UC group (11.85±0.97) compared to Sham (14.25±0.47), UC+VD (13.68±0.68), VD+UC group (13.52±1.07) (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: VD significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines, increased mucosal repair, and improved hemoglobin levels.KEYWORDS: colitis, ulcerative, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Modulating Effect of Vitamin D on iNOS, PCNA and a-SMA Expression Against Diclofenac Sodium Induced Gastric Injury in Rats Sahar Youssef
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.1106

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory prescription, widely used in the management of many inflammatory diseases but the side effects limiting its clinical use. The present work was carried out to detect the ameliorative effect of vitamin D against diclofenac sodium induced gastric injury in adult male albino rats.METHODS: Forty adult male Wistar albino rats were classified into four groups: G-I received no treatment (control group), G-II orally received 500 IU/kg of vitamin D daily, G-III intraperitoneally received 3 mg/kg of diclofenac sodium daily, and G-IV received both 500 IU/kg of vitamin D and 3 mg/kg of diclofenac sodium daily for 14 days. Specimens from rats' stomach were processed for light microscopy. Immunohistochemical examination was carried out to detect inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). The morphometric results were analyzed statistically.RESULTS: Gastric sections of G-III displayed inflammatory cellular infiltrations and dilated congested blood vessels. Some of the gastric gland cells showed cytoplasmic vacuolation, dilated gastric pits, and cystic dilatation. There was a significant increased Masson's trichrome stain and a significant decrease in PAS. The mean area percentage of iNOS and α-SMA expression showed a statistically significant increase. The PCNA positive cells were significantly decreased in the isthmus and neck region compared with the control. While in contrast, G-IV prevented the gastric injury by increasing PAS and PCNA but decreasing Masson's trichrome stain, iNOS and α-SMA expression.CONCLUSION: Vitamin D administration prevented the structural alterations of the gastric rat induced by diclofenac sodium.KEYWORDS: diclofenac sodium, α-SMA, iNOS, PCNA, vitamin D
The Usefulness of C-Reactive Protein, Procalcitonin, and PELOD-2 Score as a Predictive Factor of Mortality in Sepsis Munar Lubis; Aridamuriany Dwiputri Lubis; Badai Buana Nasution
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 12, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v12i2.1073

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sepsis in children is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Assessment of pediatric sepsis using serial Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD)-2 score can be used as a prognostic factor. The use of biomarkers of sepsis is also used for diagnosis and predicting outcomes. Many studies have suggested that C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) can be used to predict mortality.METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate CRP, PCT, PELOD-2 score and its combination as a predictive factor of mortality in sepsis. All patients admitted to PICU Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, from April to November 2019 with suspected sepsis were included in this study. Blood examination and PELOD-2 scores were examined in the first 24 hours.RESULTS: A total of 79 children were included with a mortality rate 55.7%. The CRP, PCT, and PELOD-2 score were higher in nonsurvivor (2.8 (0.5-22.4) mg/dL; 9.36 (0.13-79.8) ng/mL; 9 (3-21), respectively). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, neither CRP nor PCT values could be independent predictors of mortality. The PELOD-2 score can be an independent predictor for mortality at a cut-off score of 7 (OR: 3.47 (95% CI: 1.68-7.19)). The combination of PELOD-2 and CRP scores as predictors of mortality showed lower values than PELOD-2 and PCT scores (0.80 vs. 0.95). The combination of all parameters only adds 1% of the predicted mortality value.CONCLUSION: PELOD-2 score with PCT value are recommended to predict mortality children with sepsis.KEYWORDS: sepsis, mortality, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, PELOD-2 score

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