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Public Health of Indonesia
Published by Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia
ISSN : 24771570     EISSN : 24771570     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Public Health of Indonesia is an International, peer-reviewed, and open access journal emphasizing on original research findings that are relevant for developing country perspectives including Indonesia. The journal considers publication of articles as original article, review article, short communication / brief reports, Education forum, letters to editor, case reports, etc. The journal covers population based studies, impact assessment, monitoring and evaluation, systematic review, meta-analysis, clinic-social studies etc., related to any domain and discipline of public health, specially relevant to national priorities, including ethical and social issues. Articles aligned with national health issues and policy implications are preferred.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 319 Documents
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How Female Adolescents Exposed To Pornography? Sari, Rita Kartika; Anggara, Andhika Dwi; Intan, Yulice Soraya Nur; Mayangsari, Citra Primavita; Yusuf, Iwang; Trisnadi, Setyo; Rinawati
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i3.1008

Abstract

Background: The digital era has markedly increased adolescents’ exposure to explicit content, including pornography, raising significant concerns regarding its impact on sexual and reproductive health. This is particularly critical among female adolescents in Indonesia, where access to comprehensive sexual education remains limited. Objective: This study aims to examine the exposure of female adolescents to pornographic content, with a focus on patterns of media consumption and their implications for reproductive health. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 58 female adolescents aged 13 to 18 years in Karanganyar, Indonesia. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistical methods to identify patterns of media usage and exposure to pornography. Results: The findings indicated that the internet and handheld devices were the predominant sources of media consumption (96.6%), significantly contributing to exposure to pornographic material (86.2% and 96.6%, respectively). Television and print media also played contributory roles, particularly through soap operas and Western films. Exposure to pornography was associated with limited awareness of reproductive health, especially among younger participants. The exposure was further linked to distorted perceptions of sexual behavior, negative body image, and potential psychological consequences such as anxiety and low self-esteem. Conclusion: This study highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance critical media literacy and provide comprehensive sexual education for adolescents. Addressing these issues is essential to mitigate the adverse effects of pornography exposure on reproductive health, while taking into account cultural and contextual factors. Future research should investigate the longitudinal effects and gender-specific outcomes to inform the development of tailored preventive strategies. Keywords: adolescents; pornography; media exposure; reproductive health; sexual education
Determinants and Prevalence of Hepatitis B Among Multigravidae Pregnant Women in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia Diniarti, Fiya; Mohamed Said, Mohamed Saifulaman; Poddar, Sandeep; Ware, Jonathan Andrew; Abd Rashid, Norhashima
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i3.1014

Abstract

Background: Morbidity and mortality caused by Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection continue to pose a serious global public health concern. Globally, an estimated three million new cases of chronic HBV infection are reported annually, contributing to approximately 51,000 deaths. In Indonesia, HBV is recognized as the fourth leading cause of mortality. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with HBV infection among multigravida pregnant women in Kota Bengkulu, Indonesia, based on an evidence-based approach. Methods: A quantitative case-control study was conducted involving 148 pregnant women, comprising 74 women who tested positive for hepatitis B and 74 who tested negative. The study employed total sampling as the sampling technique. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression to identify significant associations. Results: The analysis revealed significant associations between HBV infection and several variables: age (p = 0.004; OR = 2.867), educational level (p = 0.004; OR = 2.889), type of previous delivery (p = 0.003; OR = 3,753.9), history of blood transfusion (p = 0.002; OR = 2.887), and low level of knowledge (p = 0.004; OR = 2.935). Among these, the most dominant factor associated with HBV infection was a history of blood transfusion (p = 0.002; OR = 3.767). The overall prevalence of hepatitis B in the study population was 0.40%. Conclusion: This study concludes that a history of blood transfusion is the most significant factor associated with HBV infection among multigravida pregnant women in Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. These findings highlight the need for enhanced screening and preventive measures, particularly in maternal healthcare settings. Keywords: Hepatitis B; multigravida pregnant women; education level; delivery history; blood transfusion history
Multifaced Approach in Reducing Stunting in Semarang Municipality: a Policy Brief Agushybana , Farid; Ashari, Ayu; Nuridzin, Dion Zein; Hakam, Mochamad Abdul; Siramaneerat, Issara; Fitri, Ichlasia Ainul
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i3.1034

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a serious public health problem globally, and it is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates, reduced cognitive development, and lower economic productivity in adulthood. Therefore, understanding the factors contributing to stunting incidence is crucial in developing effective interventions to address this issue.Objectives: This study analyzes factors influencing stunting in Semarang using SEM-PLS to support evidence-based interventions for improving nutrition, healthcare, and environmental conditions, aiming to reduce stunting and enhance community well-being.Methods: This study involved 556 Children aged 0-59 months old. This study drew samples randomly from across sub-districts in Semarang. The outcome variable was the stunting status, while the latent variables were child characteristics, family characteristics, maternal factors, parenting, accessibility to health service, dietary habits, nutrition and food habits, specific intervention, Posyandu involvement, infectious diseases, and environmental factors. This study employed the structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) to analyze the relationship between several latent variables.Results: The results suggest that child characteristics, environmental factors leading to infectious disease, maternal factors, infectious disease itself, nutritional intake, specific intervention, and socioeconomic factors have a direct positive effect on stunting incidence. To overcome the stunting problem in Semarang, we present seven policy options that target the root causes and implement prevention and reduction of stunting incidents.Conclusions: The main principles for overcoming stunting in Semarang are "enhance child nutrition programs", "strengthen infectious disease prevention", "improve maternal and child healthcare", "enhance socioeconomic support", "strengthen sensitivity intervention", "foster collaboration and coordination", and “conduct targeted awareness campaigns”. By implementing policy recommendations that focus on improving nutrition, enhancing healthcare services, addressing environmental factors, and promoting socioeconomic development, it is possible to reduce stunting incidence rates and improve the overall well-being of children. Keywords: stunting; malnutrition; undernutrition; Semarang; policy brief
Medicine Costs of Chronic Diseases Outpatient in an Indonesian Hospital Under National Health Insurance Rambe, Rima; Intan Farah Diba Angela; Khairunnisa, Khairunnisa; Simangunsong, Angelia Debora Moria
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i3.1036

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of chronic diseases continues to rise. Indonesian health insurance covers the costs of outpatients with chronic diseases. Patient with chronic disease tends to use complex medicines, which impact the cost.Objective: This research aimed to determine medicine costs, claims, the effect of the number of medicines, the type of clinics and the presence of secondary diagnoses on medicine costs. Methods: This research used a quantitative descriptive method and was conducted at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Hospital in Indonesia. Data were collected from outpatient prescriptions of chronic disease patients in 2023 at the national health insurance services. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22 and presented as numbers and percentages.Results: The results were the average medicine cost of IDR 218.782.13, the average claims of IDR 206.702.95, and additional medicine claims of IDR 170.847.84. The burden of medicine costs on claims reached 57.95%. The number of medicines and secondary diagnoses did not affect medicine costs. The type of clinic significantly affects medicine costs.Conclusion: Chronic disease results in high medicine costs. Hospitals had to manage the medicine costs and claims well, especially in clinics, contributing to high medicine costs. Keywords: chronic disease; claims; hospital; medicine costs; national health insurance
Risk Microbiological Contamination in Well Water Around the Morosi Industrial Area, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Yunus, Reni; Supiati, Supiati; Darmayani, Satya; Rafika, Rafika; Ihwan, Muh.; Triyaswati, Desty
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i3.1057

Abstract

Background: Dug wells located near industrial areas have a higher contamination levels compared to wells far from industrial areas. Previous research has shown metal contamination in wells near industrial area. This gap highlights the need for further research that address the microbiological safety of water sources affected by industrial activities.Objectives: This study investigates the risk of microbiological contamination in well water surrounding the Morosi industrial area in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia.Methods: The type of research is quantitative observational design; this research analyzes 52 dug wells across four villages. Key variables examined include the distance of wells from septic tanks and the physical condition of the wells, assessed through microbiological testing using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method.Results: Majority of well samples (94.2%) did not meet microbiological quality standards, with a notable presence of E. coli in 44.2% of samples. Statistical analysis indicates a moderate relationship between the physical condition of wells and E. coli presence, as well as a significant association between proximity to septic tanks and contamination risk.Conclusion: There are various factors that contribute to the well’s contamination. Statistical analyses demonstrate the vulnerability of water sources around the Morosi industry to microbial contamination due to inadequate sanitation practices. Keywords: Microbiological contamination; dug well; Most Probable Number (MPN)
Gender Empowerment Model in Environmental Management to Control Climate Change Widiyanto, Agnes; Suratman; Oktavana, Gita; Amelia, Selri
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i3.1083

Abstract

Background: Climate change is an inevitable consequence of inadequate environmental protection. Strengthening gender roles and functions offers a strategic approach to mitigating its impacts. Objective: This study aims to explore environmental management practices at the micro level through a gender-based perspective. Enhancing the role of gender in addressing climate change can be achieved by improving knowledge and awareness of environmental issues and their associated impacts. The consequences of climate change on public health are frequently observed, particularly through drought, reduced food availability, and limited access to clean water. Methods: This study employs a qualitative research design to gain a holistic understanding of the phenomena experienced by the research subjects. The participants in this study, referred to as informants, were selected to represent diverse perspectives within the community. Results: The primary informants in this study consisted of women and community leaders, while supporting informants included members of the Banyumas Regency community. The community's actions extend beyond environmental protection, encompassing both individual and collective efforts in environmental management. Strengthening gender roles within families demonstrates the shared responsibilities of parents, children, and other community members in fostering environmental stewardship. Effective climate change mitigation is supported by the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure, as well as systematic models and processes for environmental management and control. Addressing public and environmental health issues remains a critical priority to prevent the widespread impacts of climate-related challenges. Conclusion: Family engagement plays a pivotal role in enhancing knowledge, attitudes, and practices that contribute to climate change mitigation, emphasizing the importance of collaborative efforts at the household and community levels. Keywords: climate; environment; health; community; management
The Combination Diagnostic Test for Tuberculosis Screening in HIV Patients in Referral Hospitals in Indonesia Murtiani, Farida; Rosamarlina, Rosamarlina; Purnama, Asep; Farhanah, Nur; Utama, Made Susila; Agustin, Heidy; Sarif, Armaji Kamaludi; Widiantari, Aninda Dinar; Hasugian, Armedy Ronny
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i3.1094

Abstract

Background: Screening tests are needed to help screen suspected Tuberculosis (TB) pulmonary with HIV positive. With the limitation of specificity of the screening test and the need for combination with laboratory tools to increase that, a combination with standard examination is still needed, especially for limited healthcare facilities. Objective: This study aimed to determine Pulmonary TB screening tests with Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV) positive. Method: This observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted in four government hospitals. Study subjects were inpatients and outpatients who met study inclusion criteria (> 14 years of age, HIV positive based on HIV test results, had clinical symptoms of episodic history of fever, and volunteered to take part in the study). Total subjects were 193 people, with episodic history of fever from <24 hours to 120 hours. Result: This study assessed a subject's clinical manifestation, physical examination and X-ray test. The “Night Sweat”, Infiltrates in the Upper Lobe”, “Enlargement of Lymph Nodes and “Left Rhonchi” and their combination have a sensitivity of>85%. Still, only the complete combination has a specificity of> 70%. The combination of “Night Sweat + Enlargement of Lymph Nodes + Left Rhonchi + Infiltrates in the Upper Lobe” and then “Enlargement of Lymph Nodes + Left Rhonchi + Infiltrates in the Upper Lobe” can be an alternative for screening Pulmonary TB-HIV positive with history of fever. Conclusion: Pulmonary TB screening in HIV patients with a history of fever can be used by completely combining clinical manifestation, physical examination, and X-ray. the variables "Night Sweat, Enlarged Lymph Nodes, left rhonchi breath sounds and pulmonary upper lobe infiltrates" in a gradual manner. Keywords: Diagnostic Combination Test; HIV-Tb Coinfection; Tuberculosis Screening; Clinical Manifestations in TB-HIV; Pulmonary TB in HIV Patients
The "Temukan, Obati Sampai Sembuh" (TOSS) Movement in Breaking Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission at Bambaira Health Center, Pasangkayu Nur Afni; Muhammad Jufri; Sudirman; Ahmad Yani; Muhammad Syukran; Indra Afrianto
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i3.1109

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge. Indonesia ranks among countries with the highest TB burden, with over 800,000 cases reported in recent years (WHO, 2024). The Ministry of Health introduced the Temukan, Obati, Sampai Sembuh (TOSS) initiative to enhance early detection and treatment adherence. However, implementation barriers persist, especially in remote areas. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the TOSS TB program in breaking TB transmission at Bambaira Health Center, Pasangkayu Regency, and to identify systemic challenges and improvement opportunities. Methods: This qualitative study used in-depth interviews, FGDs, observations, and document analysis. Participants included healthcare workers, TB patients, caregivers, and community leaders. Thematic analysis was conducted to explore program implementation. Results: Barriers identified include poor public awareness, weak contact tracing, medication stockouts, and limited follow-up systems. Stigma also discouraged patients from seeking care. Nevertheless, early case detection and initial treatment showed promising outcomes when supported by trained staff and community involvement. Conclusion: Addressing systemic barriers through education, logistics, and community engagement is key to TOSS TB success. Policy support and consistent funding are needed to ensure sustainability and integration with other health services. Keywords: tuberculosis; TOSS TB;  health center; public health; Indonesia
Uncovering Pregnancy Maintenance Cognitions of Housewives With Stunted Children in Makassar City Ibrahim, Irviani Anwar; Kamaruddin, Syamsu A.; Adam, Arlin; Bastiana, Bastiana; Syukur, Muhammad
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i3.1410

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem characterized by a child’s height being shorter than the age-standard, primarily resulting from prolonged inadequate nutritional intake. According to the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) in 2022, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia was 21.6%, with Makassar City reporting a rate of 18.4%. However, data from the Indonesian Health Survey (IHS) in 2023 indicated an increase in Makassar’s prevalence to 25.4%. Objective: This study aims to explore the cognitive understanding of housewives in Makassar City regarding pregnancy maintenance and its relation to stunting prevention. Methods: A post-positivistic paradigm was applied using a descriptive qualitative design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with participants to gain a comprehensive understanding of their perceptions and practices. Results: The findings reveal that most participants possess a basic understanding of pregnancy care and actively utilize available health services, including community health centers (puskesmas), integrated service posts (posyandu), and hospitals. Nevertheless, cultural beliefs and local traditions, such as food restrictions and ritual practices during pregnancy, continue to influence maternal behaviors. Furthermore, several participants demonstrated a limited understanding of stunting, often associating it solely with “malnutrition” or “short stature,” without fully recognizing its underlying causes or long-term developmental impacts. Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive and sustainable educational interventions within maternal health services to enhance awareness and promote effective strategies for stunting prevention. Keywords: stunting; pregnancy; maternal health; local culture

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