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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Journal Of Widya Medika Junior Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia Jurnal Abdimas Kesehatan Jurnal Widya Medika
Laura Wihanto
Department Of Microbiology And Parasitology, Faculty Of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia
Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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In Vitro Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Variants that Caused Severe COVID-19 in the Elderly Sutandhio, Silvia; Wihanto, Laura; Tedyanto, Cecilia Putri; Santoso, Sentot
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v13i1.65484

Abstract

 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the global problem of respiratory disease from 2019 to 2024. One of the earliest variations in the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was the S D614G mutation. SARS-CoV-2 has several important variants, namely, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Omicron is the variant that has caused severe health problems, someresulting in death, in the elderly. Omicron has further differentiated to some wellknown variants, such as, BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.75, BA.5, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1. According to Japanese Government data, the number of citizens aged 65 years old and above reached 28.9% in 2021. From our previous experiment, antibodies of the elderly that have received four doses of mRNA vaccine still could not optimally neutralize Omicron BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. We aimed to analyze the plaque size of SARS-CoV-2 variants that caused severe COVID-19 in the elderly. SARS-CoV-2 variants were seeded in Vero E6-TMPRSS2 cell culture to create plaques. The resulting plaques were analyzed with ImageJ application to select solitary plaques and to determine plaque sizes. The size of BA.1 plaque was indifferent to BA.2 plaque. The plaque area comparison result was as follows, BA.1/BA.2<BA.5<BA.2.75<BQ.1.1<XBB.1. The plaque sizes of Omicron BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 were bigger that those of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2. The plaque sizes of all Omicron variants were smaller than those of the previousvariants, S D614G and Delta. The result of this in vitro experiment inferred that there is increase in fusogenicity of BQ.1.1 and XBB.1, when compared with BA.1 and BA.2.
THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL-BASED ANTISEPTIC SOLUTIONS AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENES Suyono, Handi; Wihanto, Laura
JURNAL WIDYA MEDIKA Vol. 10 No. 1 (2024): April
Publisher : FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK WIDYA MANDALA SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jwm.v10i1.2810

Abstract

Introduction : Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are gram positive bacteria which can cause various diseases. The use of antiseptics is an effort that can be done in order to break the chain of transmission and reduce morbidity due to infection by microorganism. Alcohol as the main ingredients of antiseptics is probably the oldest and most widely used in various antiseptic products on the market. Despite their easy and practical use, reports of incidents of resistance to alcohol-based antiseptic agents to bacteria have been reported from several studies. Aim: Determine the inhibition of alcohol-based antiseptic solutions against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. Methods : Kirby-Bauer disc-diffusion assays as susceptibility test. Zone of inhibition of growth diameter was performed in mm, with criteria resistance if ≤ 6 mm and sensitive if > 6 mm. We used 4 solutions namely A) ethanol 70%, B) ethanol 70% + H2O2 0,15%, C) ethanol 80%, D) ethanol 80% + H2O2 0,15%. Result : The assay results on Staphylococcus aureus showed the zone of inhibition of growth for solution ethanol 70%, ethanol 70% + H2O2 0,15%, ethanol 80%, and ethanol 80% + H2O2 0,15% are less than 6 mm which indicated that the antiseptic solution do not inhibit bacterial growth, as well as for all solutions against Streptococcus pyogenes. Different results were obtained from solution D (ethanol 80% + H2O2 0.15%) on S. aureus which indicate the zone diameter is 21 mm and classified having the ability to inhibit bacterial growth (sensitive). Conclusion: Exposure of gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes to clinically relevant concentrations of ethanol based antiseptic with or without hydrogen peroxide addition is not effective in inhibiting bacteria. Only an 80% alcohol-based antiseptic solution with the addition of H2O2 is still effective in inhibiting S. aureus . Further research needs to be done to review the recommended antiseptic formula and the need to add other ingredients to make an effective antiseptic in order to prevent infection.
Co-Authors Achmad Fuad Hafid Ari Christy Muliono Aty Widyawaruyanti Cundawan, Robertus S de Fatima, Julio CA Gunawan, Alvin Halim, Stefan W Handi Suyono Hendrata, Adi Pramono Heni Puspitasari Hilkatul Ilmi Indah Tantular Maria Aloysia Praldinya Ere Martha Ervina Senny Yesery Esar Sentot Santoso Silvia Sutandhio Steven Steven Steven Wijono Steven, . Tedyanto, Cecilia Putri Waworuntu, Gladdy L. Wuryanto Hadinugroho Yudhikuari Sincihu