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BahaKajian aspek keamanan nyamuk Aedes aegypti Linnaeus ber-Wolbachia di Yogyakarta, Indonesiasa Indonesia: Assessing the safety of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti Linnaeus mosquitoes in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Saraswati, Utari; Supriyati, Endah; Rahayu, Ayu; Rovik, Anwar; Kurniasari, Irianti; Hermantara, Rio; Kumalawati, Dian Aruni; Daniwijaya, Edwin Widyanto; Fitriana, Iva; Pramuko, Nida Budiwati; Indriani, Citra; Wardana, Dwi Satria; Tantowijoyo, Warsito; Ahmad, Riris Andono; Utarini, Adi; Arguni, Eggi
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 20 No 2 (2023): July
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.20.2.117

Dengue prevention efforts are limited to the control strategies of its vector and the management of breeding sites. New alternatives for dengue vector control that are sustainable and more environmentally friendly are needed to complement the government's current efforts. Research on Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti Linnaeus mosquitoes as an alternative biocontrol strategy has been performed in Yogyakarta City. However, one of the concerns of the community members and stakeholders about this technology is the safety aspect regarding the transmission of Wolbachia to other species and the possibility that humans will contract Wolbachia. This study aimed to address these concerns, namely to find out whether horizontal transmission of Wolbachia occurred from A. aegypti that were released to other species and whether residents living in the released areas were infected with Wolbachia. The research was conducted in Dusun Nogotirto and Dusun Kronggahan (Sleman Regency), as well as in Dusun Jomblangan and Dusun Singosaren (Bantul Regency), Yogyakarta Special Province. Wolbachia qPCR screening using the target gene WD0513 was performed on 922 Culex quinquefasciatus Say and 331 Aedes albopictus (Skuse). ELISA test was carried out on 190 pairs of plasma samples, namely the sample before the Wolbachia frequency was established (still <80%) and the sample after it was established (>80%). The results showed no evidence of Wolbachia transfer from Wolbachia-infected A. aegypti to other mosquito species coexisting in the same habitat or to humans. This study corroborates the safety evidence of Wolbachia-infected A. aegypti technology as an alternative to control dengue virus transmission

Expanding the Therapeutic Landscape: Exploring the Antimicrobial and Bioactive Potential of Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungi Rovik, Anwar; Mariana, Afifah; Hidayat, Galang Anahatta; Rahman, Farras Alifia
Proceeding of International Conference on Biology Education, Natural Science, and Technology 2025: Proceeding of International Conference on Biology Education, Natural Science, and Technology
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

The escalating rise of antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge to discovering new, effective antibiotics. This crisis represents one of the most critical threats to global health, potentially leading to a future where even minor infections could become fatal. Endophytic fungi have recently emerged as a promising source of novel bioactive compounds. This review highlights the potential of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove vegetation to produce new antimicrobial agents. Mangrove-derived endophytic fungi are found in healthy leaves, hypocotyls, roots, stems, and flowers. The symbiotic relationship between mangrove vegetation and these fungi promotes the synthesis of diverse bioactive compounds, including newly discovered molecules such as cytospyrone, cytospomarin, penicibrocazines, thiocladospolides, coumarin, isocoumarins, and dihydroradicinin. Beyond their antimicrobial potential, these fungi also produce compounds with antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-filarial, antibiofilm, influenza antiviral, antimycobacterial, and biological control properties. The traditional approach to antibiotic development is complex, challenging, costly, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. To overcome these obstacles, research must integrate machine learning for big data analysis and molecular-based exploration, including genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics.

Epidemiological features and climatological effects on future malaria control in Indonesia Rovik, Anwar; Rahayu, Ayu; Turnip, Oktaviani Naulita; Daniwijaya, Edwin Widyanto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat Vol 41 No 11 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.v41i11.14397

Purpose: Malaria is a leading cause of death worldwide, including in Indonesia. Climate change should be considered when addressing malaria control in Indonesia. This study examined the relationship between climatological parameters (temperature, wind speed, humidity, and rainfall) and malaria cases in Indonesia from 2006 to 2015. Methods: Data on climatological parameters were obtained from Indonesia's 2022 statistics, while malaria case data were taken from the annual report of Indonesia's Ministry of Health. Results were presented using maps, diagrams, and graphs. The associations between climatological parameters and malaria cases were analyzed annually using GraphPad Prism 9 software. Results: Between 2006 and 2015, the API fluctuated each year. Papua province had the highest malaria incidence in Indonesia (25.5%). A significant decline in malaria cases was observed outside Papua province, whereas cases in Papua tended to increase annually. During this period, annual temperature ranged from 23.39°C to 28.44°C, wind speed from 1.01 m/s to 17.54 m/s, relative humidity from 70.85% to 85.84%, and rainfall from 99.74 to 3,838.2 mm3. Conclusion: From 2006 to 2015, annual temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity showed weak positive correlations with the API, whereas annual wind speed showed a negative correlation.

Lactic Acid Bacteria from Mangrove Sediment Produce Bacteriocins Active Against Gram-Positive and Negative Bacteria Kusharyati, Dyah Fitri; Ariaputri, Fira Julian; Pramono, Hendro; Rovik, Anwar
Jurnal Biodjati Vol 8 No 1 (2023): May
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v8i1.24856

Mangrove is a unique ecosystem. Only a few studies have explored the presence of lactic acid bacteria and their roles in mangrove ecosystems. From mangrove sediments at Logending Beach in Jawa Tengah (Indonesia), the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolates LG-50, LG-107, and LG-114 were discovered. They produce bacteriocins. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of LAB isolates, antimicrobial activity, and physicochemical properties of bacteriocins. LAB isolates were characterized by morphology, physiology, and biochemistry. The production of bacteriocin was performed by salting-out method, followed by testing its antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Isolates LG-50, LG-107, and LG-114 are thought to be in the Lactobacillus group. The crude bacteriocin can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The average inhibition zones against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 16.67 mm and 22.17 mm, respectively. The crude bacteriocin tested positive for ninhydrin. It confirmed the crude bacteriocin was a protein and sensitive to the proteolytic enzyme. SDS-PAGE analysis presented the molecular weight of crude bacteriocin was 38 kDa. This present study supports the potential use of bacteriocin in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Network pharmacology approach to identifying optimal therapeutic targets in cancer drug discovery and development: Bibliometric analysis and scoping review Rovik, Anwar; Henra, Henra; Rahman, Farras Alifia; Afkarina, Izza; Conara, Flafiani Cios
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.13076

A rise in chronic diseases, including cancer, increasingly strains public health. While conventional drug discovery often focuses on single molecules, this method frequently fails to address complex diseases with multiple causes. Network pharmacology, a systems biology approach, provides a more complete understanding of disease mechanisms by analyzing intricate biological networks. By combining multi-omics data and computational models, network pharmacology helps identify new drug targets and cellular pathways. This approach is especially promising in cancer research, where it can reveal complex interactions between genes, proteins, and metabolites. This review explains the principles of network pharmacology and its use in cancer drug discovery. We cover the process, from network building and analysis to experimental testing. Additionally, we examine how network pharmacology can speed up the development of personalized cancer treatments.

Ethnobotany and Potential of Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida) as a Herbal Medicine Ingredient Rovik, Anwar; Andyra, Vania Uly; Afifah, Laelatul; Rokhmalia, Nur
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v1.i1.3

Background: People have long utilized various herbs for traditional medicine, including the suruhan or sirih cina plant (Peperomia pellucida). This plant is known by numerous local names such as rumput cacing, sirih bumi, pansit-pansitan, rumput gelas, and daing siheah cino. It is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia, making the raw materials easily accessible for herbal medicine. Objective: This study aims to review the ethnobotany and the pharmacological potential of Peperomia pellucida as a natural ingredient for herbal medicine. Methods: This article is a narrative review that synthesizes various literatures regarding the traditional uses, phytochemical content, and biological activities of the suruhan plant. Results: The suruhan plant is used in traditional medicine through various preparation methods depending on the ailment, with the leaves being the most frequently utilized part. Phytochemical analysis reveals that it contains abundant bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, tannins, reducing sugars, amino acids, saponins, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, phenols, azulene, carotenoids, and quinones. These compounds contribute to its wide-spectrum antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. Conclusion: Peperomia pellucida holds significant potential as a herbal medicine ingredient due to its rich bioactive content and its long-standing history of traditional use. Accelerated industrial development and government support are needed to optimize its utilization in the healthcare sector.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RED GINGER (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) EXTRACTS AS GROWTH INHIBITORS OF Klebsiella pneumoniae Rovik, Anwar
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v1.i2.85

Pneumonia, a significant global health concern, is caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Antibiotic use is the primary treatment for K. pneumoniae infection; however, inappropriate use of antibiotics can result in bacterial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant challenge in treating K. pneumoniae infections, as it can render existing antibiotics ineffective against infections. Natural products derived from plants have received considerable attention as potential sources of new antimicrobial agents, including red ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum). This study aims to determine red ginger extracts' effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and silico. The research stages included compound extraction from red ginger rhizomes, antimicrobial activity testing against K. pneumoniae, and in silico analysis of target genes. The red ginger extract inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae. The 25% extract concentration gave the most minor inhibition, with an inhibition zone of 6.7 mm. The 100% extract concentration gave the most significant inhibition, with an inhibition zone of 8 mm. The bioactive compound of red ginger may target various proteins and act in multiple sites in K. pneumoniae cells. This study showed that red ginger targets the acrR gene, a multidrug efflux pump AcrAB operon transcription repressor essential in the resistance of K. pneumoniae to antibiotics. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; efflux pump; Klebsiella pneumoniae; red ginger Pneumonia masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global yang signifikan, disebabkan oleh infeksi Klebsiella pneumoniae. Penggunaan antibiotik adalah pengobatan utama untuk infeksi K. pneumoniae; namun, penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan resistensi bakteri. Resistensi antimikroba merupakan tantangan yang signifikan dalam mengobati infeksi K. pneumoniae, karena dapat membuat antibiotik yang ada menjadi tidak efektif melawan infeksi. Produk alami yang berasal dari tanaman telah mendapat perhatian yang cukup besar sebagai sumber potensial agen antimikroba baru, termasuk jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var rubrum). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak jahe merah dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro dan in silico. Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi senyawa dari rimpang jahe merah, pengujian aktivitas antimikroba terhadap K. pneumoniae, dan analisis in silico gen target. Ekstrak jahe merah menghambat pertumbuhan K. pneumoniae. Konsentrasi ekstrak 25% memberikan daya hambat yang paling kecil, dengan zona hambat sebesar 6,7 mm. Konsentrasi ekstrak 100% memberikan daya hambat yang paling besar, dengan zona hambat sebesar 8 mm. Senyawa bioaktif jahe merah dapat menargetkan berbagai protein dan bekerja di berbagai tempat dalam sel K. pneumoniae. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak jahe merah menargetkan gen acR, sebuah multidrug efflux pump AcrAB operon transcription repressor yang berperan penting dalam resistensi K. pneumoniae terhadap antibiotik. Kata kunci: jahe merah; Klebsiella pneumoniae; pompa eflux; resistensi antimikroba

Enhanced Survival of Lactobacillus Lg71 from Mangrove Sediment Under Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Conditions Kusharyati, Dyah Fitri; Satwika, Taruna Dwi; Alfisah, Rizal Khoirun; Mariana, Afifah; Rovik, Anwar; Oedjijono, Oedjijono
Journal of Biomedical Sciences and Health Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Karya Husada Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34310/jbsh.v3.i1.291

Background: For a probiotic to offer health benefits, it must stay viable through the tough environment of the human gastrointestinal tract. This study assesses the effectiveness of sodium alginate encapsulation in improving the survival of Lactobacillus LG71, a new strain from mangrove sediment, under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium alginate encapsulation in enhancing the viability and survival of Lactobacillus LG71, a probiotic strain isolated from mangrove sediment, during cold storage and under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Methods: Lactobacillus LG71 was encapsulated in sodium alginate beads. The viability of both encapsulated and free (non-encapsulated) cells was assessed over a 4-week storage period at 4 °C and during sequential exposure to simulated gastric and intestinal environments. Results: Encapsulation significantly improved survival rates compared to free cells (p < 0.05). Although both groups experienced a decline during the first week of storage, encapsulated cells maintained a high viability of approximately 107 CFU/mL, losing only 2.51 log CFU/g over four weeks. Most notably, encapsulated Lactobacillus LG71 demonstrated greater resilience during digestion, retaining populations of 2.21 log CFU/mL in gastric simulations and 1.00 log CFU/mL in intestinal simulations. In contrast, free cells were much more vulnerable to these acidic and enzymatic conditions. Conclusion: Sodium alginate encapsulation effectively protects Lactobacillus LG71 from environmental and biological stressors. These findings indicate that encapsulation is a crucial step for the commercial application of mangrove-derived probiotics, ensuring that a viable dose of living cells reaches the host's lower gastrointestinal tract to promote health benefits.

Network pharmacology approach to identifying optimal therapeutic targets in cancer drug discovery and development: Bibliometric analysis and scoping review Rovik, Anwar; Henra, Henra; Rahman, Farras Alifia; Afkarina, Izza; Conara, Flafiani Cios
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 7 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.13076

A rise in chronic diseases, including cancer, increasingly strains public health. While conventional drug discovery often focuses on single molecules, this method frequently fails to address complex diseases with multiple causes. Network pharmacology, a systems biology approach, provides a more complete understanding of disease mechanisms by analyzing intricate biological networks. By combining multi-omics data and computational models, network pharmacology helps identify new drug targets and cellular pathways. This approach is especially promising in cancer research, where it can reveal complex interactions between genes, proteins, and metabolites. This review explains the principles of network pharmacology and its use in cancer drug discovery. We cover the process, from network building and analysis to experimental testing. Additionally, we examine how network pharmacology can speed up the development of personalized cancer treatments.

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