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All Journal Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Jurnal AKAL: Abdimas dan Kearifan Lokal Kesmas: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional (National Public Health Journal)
Widyarman, Armelia Sari
Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University
Humanities Automotive Engineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Dentistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Health Professions Public Health Social Sciences Transportation

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Mahkota Dewa (God’s Crown) Fruit Extract Inhibits the Formation of Periodontal Pathogen Biofilms in vitro Celia Radita, Diajeng; Widyarman, Armelia Sari
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol 2 No 2 (2019): October
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

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Introduction: Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) is an Indonesian fruit that contains antibacterial compounds, such as flavonoids, saponins, and tannins; it has been used as an alternative treatment for controlling infection. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of mahkota dewa fruit extract on the formation of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), and Treponema denticola (T. denticola) biofilms in vitro. Methods: God’s crown fruit was extracted using the maceration technique, and then diluted into different concentrations (25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, and 1.56%) using phosphate buffered saline (PBS). P. gingivalis ATCC-33277, A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC-29522, or T. denticola ATCC-35405 were cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth, 24h (anaerobic-condition), and then each type of bacteria (108CFU/mL) was distributed into a 96-well microplate to form a biofilm. Subsequently, the fruit extracts were distributed into the biofilm-containing well plates and incubated for 1h, 6h, and 24h. A biofilm without the fruit extract and chlorhexidine-gluconate (0.2%) was used as the negative and positive control, respectively. Crystal violet (0.5%w/v) was used to determine the density of the remaining biofilm using a microplate spectrophotometer (600 nm). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and p <0.05 was set as the level of significance. Results: The mahkota dewa fruit extracts significantly inhibited the formation of a biofilm for all three bacterial strains at all concentrations and for each incubation time (p <0.05) based on optical density (OD)±SD. The best concentration of fruit extract to inhibit biofilm formation was 25% for P. gingivalis (OD=0.19±0.06), 12.5% for A. actinomycetemcomitans (OD=0.14 ± 0.16), and 25% for T. denticola (OD=1.17±0.19) in comparison to the biofilm mass of the negative control, which was 1.67±0.06, 1.17±0.34, 2.66±0.38 for P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. denticola, respectively. Conclusion: Based on these results, mahkota dewa fruit extract can inhibit the formation of biofilm on P. gingivalis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T. denticola, and it may potentially be used to prevent the infection associated with periodontal disease.
Antibiofilm of Arumanis Mango Leaves (Mangifera indica L.) Ethanol Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro Hepziba, Evangelista Rachel; Soesanto, Sheila; Widyarman, Armelia Sari
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol 5 No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

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Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen bacteria that forms biofilm and induces acute inflammation associated with dentoalveolar abscess, which needs antibiotics such as amoxicillin for the treatment. Due to antibiotic resistance and various side effects, natural ingredients are needed as an alternative treatment. Arumanis mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.) contains mangiferin, flavonoid, and tannin which are expected to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm formation. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Mangifera indica L. leaves against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Methods: This study was in vitro laboratory experiment with post test only control group design. Antibacterial test was carried out by plate count method and antibiofilm test was carried out by microtiter plate biofilm assay method. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was cultured in BHI broth in 37oC for 24h with anaerobic condition. The present study used ethanol extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves in 6 different concentrations: 3,125%, 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. Amoxicillin was used as positive control and DMSO 10% used as negative control. Data was analyzed with Shapiro-wilk test, One-way ANOVA test, and post hoc Tukey HSD test with p<0,05 as the level of significance. Results: The most effective concentration to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was 100% extract compared to negative control (p<0,05). The most effective concentration against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation was 100% extract in 3hr incubation compared to negative control (p<0,05). Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves has been shown in vitro to have antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against Staphylococcus aureus.
Efficacy of World Health Organization-Recommended Homemade Hand Sanitizer Against Bacteria and Fungus Roeslan, Moehamad Orliando; Richi, Mario; Drestia, Aradhea Monica; Widyarman, Armelia Sari
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol 4 No 2 (2021): October
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

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Introduction: Handwashing is among the best practices to prevent the transmission of various diseases especially during the pandemic. Handwashing with soap can reduce respiratory tract infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) released guidelines for making homemade hand sanitizer. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of antibacterial hand- rub, as recommended by WHO, containing ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, and glycerol in varying concentrations against bacteria and fungus. Methods: This experimental laboratory study was designed to assay the efficacy of hand sanitizer ingredients—96% ethanol, 3% hydrogen peroxide, and 98% glycerol, as recommended by WHO—against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Commercial hand rubs were used in this study for comparison. Result: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing showed that the WHO hand rub at 25% concentration inhibited E. coli and S. aureus growth, while 12,5% concentration inhibited C. albicans. Conclusion: The WHO-recommended homemade hand sanitizer containing ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, and glycerol at a concentration of 50% is effective in eliminating Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and concentration of 25% is effective on Candida albicans. Further study is needed to analyse these materials against other bacteria and viruses.
Antibiofilm Effect of Rambutan Leaf Extract (Nephelium lappaceum L.) on Selected Periodontal Pathogens Maulina, Syarifah Aulia; Soulissa, Abdul Gani; Widyarman, Armelia Sari
Journal of Indonesian Dental Association Vol 5 No 2 (2022): October
Publisher : Indonesian Dental Association

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Introduction: In Indonesia, periodontal disease is one of the dental and oral diseases with the highest prevalence. Bacteria in subgingival plaque can cause periodontal disease, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Herbal medicine has potential as an alternative in the treatment of periodontal disease, for example, rambutan leaves (Nephelium lappaceum L.) are known to have antibacterial properties because they contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Objective: To determine the effects of rambutan leaf extract (Nephelium lappaceum L.) on development of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilms. Methods: This study was carried out using the biofilm assay method with crystal violet staining and rambutan leaf extract (Nephelium lappaceum L.) with concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125% were used as the test material. A microplate reader with a wavelength of 490 nm was used to measure the biofilm density of Porpyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 and Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: The most effective concentration of rambutan leaf extract for inhibiting biofilm development at 24 hours incubation was a 100% concentration with an average optical density (OD) of 0.147 against Porphyromonas gingivalis and a 100% concentration with an average OD of 0.077 against Fusobacterium nucleatum. Conclusion: Rambutan leaf extract (Nephelium lappaceum L.) is capable of inhibiting the development of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilms, respectively.
Correlation between Dental Environment and Perceived Stress Scale among Dental Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia Astoeti, Tri Erri; Josephine, Howis; Widyarman, Armelia Sari; Sudhana, Widijanto
Kesmas Vol. 16, No. 3
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Academic stressors in a medical educational environment are related to two factors. This study was carried out in order to analyze the correlation between the dental environment and perceived stress among dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents were 422 undergraduate dental students and the validated Modified Dental Environmental Stress (DES) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires were used. Furthermore, the Spearman correlation analysis was used to measure the correlation between DES and PSS score. The result showed that five dental stressors were noted to have the strongest correlations with PSS (p-value >0.40). They include expectation towards dental school (p-value = 0.431), lack of confidence to be a successful dentist (p-value = 0.424), lack of confidence to become a successful dental student (p-value = 0.408), dental school regulations (p-value = 0.401) and criticism of school work (p-value = 0.400). In addition, all six DES categories showed a positive correlation with the PSS. Therefore, the dental students collectively displayed moderate perceived stress scores. The overall discoveries from this study showed a positive correlation between the DES and PSS among dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effects of Ziziphus mauritiana Leaf Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus Poedjiastoeti, Wiwiek; Rasad, Irvan Septrian Syah Putra; Tanzil, Felicia Klarissa; Gunardi, Indrayadi; Widyarman, Armelia Sari
Journal of Dentistry Indonesia Vol. 33, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Tooth extraction is a common dental procedure often complicated by postoperative infections, with Staphylococcus aureus as a key opportunistic pathogen. Rising antibiotic resistance and side effects of conventional antiseptics like chlorhexidine highlight the need for natural alternatives. This study evaluated the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of 96% ethanol extract from Ziziphus mauritiana leaves against S. aureus. Methods: The extract was prepared by maceration and tested in vitro using microdilution for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. aureus ATCC 25923. Antibiofilm activity was assessed via crystal violet staining on mature biofilms, with confirmation by qPCR-based absolute quantification of bacterial load using S. aureus-specific 16S rRNA primers. Statistical analysis included Shapiro–Wilk, ANOVA, and Tukey HSD tests. Results: The extract showed MIC between 125–250 mg/mL and MBC at 250 mg/mL. Concentrations of 1000, 500, and 250 mg/mL inhibited >80% biofilm biomass, comparable to 0.2% chlorhexidine. qPCR confirmed significant bacterial load reduction at 1000 and 500 mg/mL. Conclusions: Z. mauritiana leaf extract demonstrates promising antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. aureus, supporting its potential as a natural agent for managing post-extraction infections, though further studies on clinical isolates, cytotoxicity, and formulations are warranted.
Co-Authors Adzra Fadla Taqia Amin, Meiny F Anastasia E Prahasti Anggiarini, Putri Lestari Arianne Dwimega Boy M Bachtiar Celia Radita, Diajeng Ciptadhi Tri Oka Binartha Dewi Liliany Margaretta, Dewi Liliany Dhara Nandary Drestia, Aradhea Monica Endang Winiati Bachtiar Erik Idrus Erni Erfan, Erni Faadiyah Nisa Febri Fahmawati Gunawan, Juanita A Hepziba, Evangelista Rachel Howis Josephine Indrayadi Gunardi, Indrayadi Janti Sudiono Jemima Pramadita Joko Kusnoto Josephine, Howis Kevin Lim Lazaroni, Njoo Kiky Elysia Lombardo, Billy Maulina, Syarifah Aulia Melanie Sadono Djamil Nely Soviati Nicolas Brian Simanjuntak Nurrahman, Hana Fauziyah Olivia Puspita Suhalim Putriany Agustin, Tri Rasad, Irvan Septrian Syah Putra Riad, Anastasya Muna Richi, Mario Roeslan, Moehamad Orliando Sasqia Faadilah Andikoputri Shirley Trisna Yunita Soesanto, Sheila Soulissa, Abdul Gani Stella Pranoto Stephani Sumadi Stephanie Brigitta Widjaja Suwartini, Tien Tanzil, Felicia Klarissa Theodorea, Citra Fragrantia Tjokro Prasetyadi Tri Erri Astoeti Tri Erri Astoeti Uppalavanna Witedja Widijanto Sudhana Widijanto Sudhana Wiwiek Poedjiastoeti, Wiwiek Yohana Yusra