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All Journal E-Jurnal Medika Udayana Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan ISM (Intisari Sains Medis) : Jurnal Kedokteran Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Bali Dermatology and Venereology Journal JOURNAL LA MEDIHEALTICO MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research Seminar Ilmiah Nasional Teknologi, Sains, dan Sosial Humaniora (SINTESA) Bali Dermatology Venereology and Aesthetic Journal Indonesian Journal of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences
Ni Made Dwi Puspawati
Departemen Dermatologi And Venereologi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Udayana-RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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The Role of Micronutrients in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Narrative Review Putu Evindya Vipascitadewi Nandanaya Bharata; I. G. A. A. Elis Indira; Ni Made Dwi Puspawati; Anak Agung Gede Kresna Naria Putra
WMJ (Warmadewa Medical Journal) Vol 11 No 1 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : Warmadewa University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22225/wmj.11.1.13669.54-62

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a major global health burden, with micronutrient deficiency being a frequent complication that worsens disease progression. Deficiencies in vitamins A, D, E, and zinc have been linked to impaired immune responses, increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections, and poor treatment outcomes. This narrative review aims to explore the role of micronutrients, particularly vitamins A, D, E, and zinc, in the clinical course and management of HIV infection. A literature-based narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles discussing the association between micronutrients and HIV progression, immune response, and treatment outcomes were synthesized. A total of 847 articles were initially identified; after screening and applying inclusion criteria, 42 articles were included in this review. Evidence shows that vitamin A influences mucosal immunity and reduces mother-to-child transmission; vitamin D modulates immune cell proliferation and autophagy; vitamin E acts as an antioxidant reducing oxidative stress; and zinc supports T-cell function and reduces opportunistic infections. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased serum 25(OH)D levels (p<0.0001) but did not significantly alter CD4 counts or viral load in clinical trials. Overall, supplementation outcomes remain inconsistent. While multiple micronutrient supplementation may improve immune markers, its impact on mortality and viral load reduction is still inconclusive. Micronutrient deficiency is common among HIV patients and negatively affects disease progression. Although supplementation may improve nutritional and immunological status, robust evidence regarding long-term survival and virological outcomes is lacking. Further high-quality studies are required to establish clear recommendations.
Co-Authors Aditya Permana Aditya Permana Aditya Permana Anak Agung Gde Putra Wiraguna Anak Agung Gede Kresna Naria Putra Andrew Wicaksono Andrew Yoshihiro Wirya Andrew Yoshihiro Wirya Ariana Ariana Aurelia Stephanie Darmaputra, I Gusti Nyoman Devi, Putu Akopita Dewi Gotama Dewi Gotama Elice Wijaya Elis Indira, I Gusti Ayu Agung Firly Clarissa Suyanto Gotama, Dewi Halim, Irene Andriani Herman Saputra Herman Saputra Herman Saputra I Dewa Made Rendy Sanjaya I Gde Nengah Adhilaksman I Gde Nengah Adhilaksman Sunyamurti Wirawan I Gusti Ayu Agung Dwi Karmila I Gusti Ayu Agung Elis Indira I Gusti Ayu Agung Praharsini I Gusti Ayu Agung Praharsisni I Gusti Ayu Agung Sattwika I Gusti Ayu Sattwika I Gusti Nyoman Darmaputra I Ketut Agus Somia I Komang Arimbawa I. G. A. A. Elis Indira Ida Ayu Trisna Dewi Ida Ayu Uttari Priyadarshini Indah, Made Sanitca Indira, I Gusti Ayu Agung Elis Intaran, Kadek Devi Aninditha Jordaniel Setiabudi Karmila, I. G. A. A Dwi Karna, N. L. P Ratih Vibriyanti Ketut Kwartantaya Winaya Ketut Wida Komalasari Krisnaputri, Nandya Putu Luh Made Mas Rusyati Luh Made Shanti Maheswari Made Hermina Laksmi Made Martina Windari Made Sanitca Indah Made Sanitca Indah Made Swastika Adiguna Made Wardhana Mahariski, Pande Agung Marrietta Sugiarti Sadeli Martalova AJ, Adelia Martina Windari Michael Hostiadi Michael Hostiadi, Michael Mudita, Tritya Murti, Nyoman Indra Karunia Natih, Sintha Aprillia Gita Ni Kadek Setyawati, Ni Kadek Ni Luh Putu Ratih Vibriyanti Karna Ni Putu Candra Nirmalasari P Ni Putu Wina Widyastuti Nyoman Suryawati Nyoman Yoga Maya Pramita Nyoman Yoga Maya Pramita Pande Agung Mahariski Pemana, Aditya Prima Saraswati Sanjiwani Sudarsa Putu Ayu Dewita Ganeswari Putu Evindya Vipascitadewi Nandanaya Bharata Putu Gde Hariwangsa Ricky Fernando Maharis Rikcy Fernando Maharis Sari, Luh Putu Sustiana Kartika Sattwika, I Gusti Ayu Setyono, Alfred Sissy Sissy Sissy Sissy, Sissy Sutiawan, Indry Salonika Tiara Evangelista Triatmakusuma, Yogi Tritya Mudita Tritya Mudita Vanessa Vijayamurthy Winaya, Ketut Kwartantaya Wirya, Andrew Yoshihiro