Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes
Departemen Farmasi Bahan Alam, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Jl. Kamboja No.11A Denpasar, Indonesia, 80233.

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Journal : Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento

Kandungan Flavonoid Total dan Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Polaritas yang Berbeda dari Daun Pereskia bleo Nayaka, Ni Made Dwi Mara Widyani; Cahyaningsih, Erna; Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes; Yuda, Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma; Indriani, Felia Riska
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 9 No 2 (2023): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v9i2.6290

Abstract

Antioxidant agents are essential for the body due to its ability to scavenge free radicals. Medicinal plants contain phytochemicals that act as antioxidants. The current research aimed to determine the total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity of Pereskia bleo leaves extracts from various solvents with different polarities. The nonpolar solvent (n-hexane) was used as the first step of extraction and its residues were then macerated using semi-polar (ethyl acetate) and polar (ethanol 96%) solvents consecutively. The TFC was determined using the colorimetric method while antioxidant activity was examined through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Antioxidant activity was presented as Inhibitory Concentration 50 (IC50) and Antioxidant Activity Index (AAI). It is noticeable that among analyzed extracts, the ethyl acetate extract of P. bleo leaves contained the highest flavonoid content (15.052 ± 0.172 g quercetin equivalent/100 g extract). Furthermore, the greatest antioxidant activity was obtained from n-hexane extract with the value of IC50 and AAI being 217.307 ppm and 0.230, respectively. Pearson coefficient correlation (r) between TFC and AAI was -0.106. The current study concluded that P. bleo leaves extracts using solvents with different polarities showed variation in TFC values and antioxidant activity. Moreover, TFC was not the main contributor to the antioxidant activity of P. bleo leaves extracts.
Karagenan Rumput Laut Merah Bali (Gracilaria sp.) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Delapan Bakteri Patogen Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes; Cahyaningsih, Erna; Dewi, Ni Luh Kade Arman Anita; Yuda, Putu Era Sandhi Kusuma; Wardani, I Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma; Juliadi, Debby; Putri, Ni Kadek Dila Pratiwi; Putri, Ni Kadek Nisa Leoni; Darmawan, I Wayan Agus; Yanti, Ni Kadek Pradnya
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i1.10349

Abstract

The increase in infection cases every year, coupled with the rise in resistance cases, increases the urgency of exploring antimicrobial agents. Gracilaria sp. is a red seaweed that is widely known as one of the potential producers of active metabolites, sulfated polysaccharides. Carrageenan is one form of sulfated polysaccharide that has antimicrobial activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of carrageenan derived from Gracilaria sp. against several pathogenic bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Salmonella typhi. Carrageenan was extracted from Gracilaria sp. samples obtained from the South Denpasar area (Bali) using KOH. An antibacterial activity assay of carrageenan was carried out using an agar well diffusion method with nutrient agar media. Tests were conducted at concentrations of 1 and 5 mg/mL (E. coli and S. epidermidis), 20, 30, 40 mg/mL (S. aureus, S. pyrogenes, E. faecalis, and S. typhi), 50, 75, and 100 mg/mL (P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae). Incubation was carried out for 24 hours at ± 37 °C. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that carrageenan extracted from Gracilaria sp. exhibited significant antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria, especially gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activity produced in this study was proportional to the increase in concentration, where the inhibitory activity produced increased as the concentration of carrageenan increased. It can be concluded that carrageenan has the potential to be an antibacterial.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kunyit Putih (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang Terpapar Asap Rokok Putra, I Made Agus Sunadi; Suwantara, I Putu Tangkas; Sasadara, Maria Malida Vernandes; Udayani, Ni Nyoman Wahyu
Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento Vol 11 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i1.10793

Abstract

Cigarette smoke generates free radicals that induce oxidative stress and damage various biomolecules in the body. An increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels is a key marker of oxidative stress. The body’s antioxidant mechanisms rely on compounds capable of neutralizing free radicals. White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) contains antioxidant compounds predicted to prevent oxidative damage, though its in vivo potential remains to be proven. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of white turmeric ethanol extract on MDA levels in male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) exposed to cigarette smoke. A post-test only control group design was employed. The rats were divided into five groups: healthy control (P1), smoke-exposed control (P2), extract-treated groups receiving 100 mg/kgBW (P3) and 200 mg/kgBW (P4), and a positive control group receiving vitamin C (P5). Cigarette smoke exposure was administered for 14 days, and blood samples were collected from the orbital vein on day 15. MDA levels were measured using the ELISA method. The mean MDA levels (mmol/ml) for P1 to P5 were 0.118, 0.121, 0.094, 0.059, and 0.089, respectively. ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests (α = 0.05) showed a significant difference between P2 and P4 (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were found between P3, P4, and P5. In conclusion, white turmeric extract at 200 mg/kgBW significantly reduced MDA levels and demonstrated antioxidant activity comparable to that of vitamin C.