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All Journal Journal of International Relations Studies Indonesian Perspective DINAMIKA GLOBAL : JURNAL ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL Review of International Relations (Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hubungan Internasional) Indonesian Journal of International Law Indonesian Perspective Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Islam Realitas: Journal of Islamic and Social Studies Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik: Majalah Ilmiah
Alfian, Muhammad Faizal
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Posisi Indonesia Dalam Rezim UNESCO Perlindungan Cagar Budaya Bawah Air: Pencurian Bangkai Kapal Milik Asing di Laut Indonesia Ridlo, Muhammad Mu’adz Hafidz; Alfian, Muhammad Faizal
Journal of International Relations Volume 7, Nomor 2, Tahun 2021
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The theft of foreign shipwrecks that have sunk in Indonesian seas is one of the major cases of theft of underwater cultural heritage that occurs in the world. Apart from that, ship nations such as Australia, the Netherlands, England, and even the United States also expressed their disappointment with Indonesia, which was deemed incapable of protecting the legacy of their ancestors which was also considered as an underwater cultural heritage object. In this research, the researcher tries to examine the position and capability of Indonesia in the aspects of maritime security, both politically and domestically militarily. The author uses an analytic-qualitative method by comparing journals and case reports of shipwreck theft as the main method of this research. Using the theory of institutionalism, the author tries to explain Indonesia's position in international regimes such as UNESCO 1970 and 2001 for the protection of underwater cultural heritage as well as the concept of rational choice or rational choice to dissect Indonesia's reasons for taking this position. Using these methods and theories, the authors know that Indonesia does not want to ratify the UNESCO 1970 and 2001 regime due to domestic considerations, considerations of capability and sovereignty.
Memori dan Trauma dalam Hubungan Internasional: Dukungan Austria Terhadap Israel dalam Melawan Aksi Boikot, Divestasi, dan Sanksi (BDS) Khairunisa, Adilah Hasna; Rosyidin, Mohamad; Alfian, Muhammad Faizal
Journal of International Relations Volume 8, Nomor 1, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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The Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) campaign against Israel continues to this day, with many countries and international organizations supporting the action. Nonetheless, there is a country that prohibits such behavior and expresses its support for Israel in its fight against what is considered anti-Semitism. Austria is the name of that so-called country. The purpose of this research is to determine why Austria decided to support Israel in its fight against BDS using the Memory, Trauma and World Politics theory by Duncan Bell. The researcher gathered various supporting data from books, websites, international news, and official statements from the Austrian government using the literature review technique. This is an explanatory research that aims to discover the reasons why Austria supports Israel in its fight against BDS, which is related to the country's past history and existing trauma. The findings of this study show that there are memories and traumatic events in the past in the form of anti-Semitism against the Jewish community in Austria, which caused a sense of responsibility and solidarity from Austria towards Israel as an existing Jewish state. Austria's sense of responsibility and solidarity eventually encouraged the establishment of current policy.
Praktik Diskursif Amerika Serikat dalam Membangun Narasi Terorisme Global : Studi Kasus Kejahatan oleh Ali Muhammad Brown dan Stephen Craig Paddock Putri, Sapen Sartika Unyi; Rosyidin, Mohamad; Alfian, Muhammad Faizal
Journal of International Relations Volume 8, Nomor 1, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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The United States of America as a super power, is able to create and build knowledge, 'reality', and global narratives that are trusted by the world community according to their interests. This is no exception in terms of terrorism. The purpose of this study is to explain how the discursive practices carried out by the US Government and media in building a global narrative related to terrorism through case studies of crimes committed by Ali Muhammad Brown and Stephen Craig Paddock. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive approach. This research is viewed from the perspective of poststructuralism which has not been found in previous studies. The result of this study is that the identification of who deserves the label of terrorist in the United States occurs only in Muslims and especially those who have people of color. This occurs as a result of the social construction that develops in global society through the discursive practices of the United States Government and Media. From the results of this study, it shows how discursive practice can be used in shaping existing reality and knowledge, so the discourse will contain different meanings depending on who interprets it. In addition from this research, it can be concluded that the reality and narrative as well as knowledge related to global terrorism are not free values but are biased towards political interests and are built by constructions and discursive practices developed by the ruling state.
Tindakan Tiongkok Dalam Mengoptimalisasi Health Security Pada Penanganan Covid-19 (Studi Kasus: Teknologi Artificial Intelligence Tiongkok) Rahmasari, Dyah Ayu; Putranti, Ika Riswanti; Alfian, Muhammad Faizal
Journal of International Relations Volume 8, Nomor 2, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Health safety issues are becoming a crucial issue right now. An example of a health security issue that is currently threatening global health security is the COVID-19 pandemic. As the first country infected with COVID-19, China was able to reduce the spread of COVID-19 within 4 months and play an active role in improving global health security. The research seeks to figure out China's efforts to optimize the health security dimension for handling COVID-19 in 2020 both regionally and globally. This research method uses a qualitative method that using the concept of health security. Researchers also use secondary data collection methods such as library studies, video analysis and number-based data. The result of this research show that the actions taken by China to optimize the dimensions of health security regionally and globally are based on comprehensive statements delivered by President Xi Jinping which became the basis for China to play an active role to solve COVID-19 and collaborate with various multi sector and multi stake-holder parties which focus on providing support for handling and prevention from the transmission of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dampak Open-Door Policy Terhadap Peristiwa Krisis Diplomatik Tahun 2017 Hingga Keluarnya Dari OPEC Tahun 2018 Christanti, Naomi Febri; Rosyidin, Mohamad; Alfian, Muhammad Faizal
Journal of International Relations Volume 8, Nomor 2, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

After Sheikh Tamim was elected as Emir in Qatar in 2013, the open-door policy underwent a change. Sheikh Tamim defines open-door policy as a progressive and independent movement. Progressively, Sheikh Tamim strongly criticized the diplomatic crisis in 2017 imposed by the Gulf countries. Then independently, Sheikh Tamim decided Qatar to leave OPEC in 2018. In the Sheikh Tamim era, Qatar will carry out policies that focus on efforts to increase economic income diversification through LNG development and improve Qatar's image in the international scope after the diplomatic crisis in 2017. Furthermore, this research will try to answer the research problem regarding to, "Why did Qatar change its open-door policy in 2017-2018 during the leadership of Sheikh Tamim?". This study aims to explain how Sheikh Tamim's background, ideas and beliefs influenced the change in open-door policy and its application in the diplomatic crisis until its withdrawal from OPEC in 2018. This research uses a desk research method with an explanative type. This study uses a leader driven change framework to see how changes in foreign policy are influenced by leaders who have the authority to determine a policy.
Analisis Determinan AS Dalam Penggunaan PMC Pada Perang Irak tahun 2003 Dhiaulhaq, Yusuf; Windiani, Reni; Alfian, Muhammad Faizal
Journal of International Relations Volume 8, Nomor 2, Tahun 2022
Publisher : International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

The phenomenon of the Iraq war in 2003 has given the impression of a major armed conflict between the United States and Iraq. What needs to be considered in this war is the involvement of private military companies (PMC) in the war. The US also used PMC services after the Iraq war ended where Iraq's internal conditions at that time were very unsafe and needed security guard. The United States uses PMC which provides various military services ranging from the distribution of weapons, exchange of war technology, provision of military forces, intelligence assistance, and so on. Therefore, this study seeks to explain the reasons and considerations when US decided to use PMC before and after the war by using the theory of determinants of foreign policy made by Alex Mintz. In this study, the authors collect data through books, journals, and websites related to the cases studied, namely the use of PMC by the US in Iraq. This study will explain the involvement of PMC in Iraq War, and the analysis from the determinants. The results obtained are several determinants of foreign policy that have a major influence on the US decision to use PMC in the conflict.
Human Health Threat and Economic Vulnerability: A Case Study on the COVID-19 Pandemic Alamsyah, Mirah Satria; Alfian, Muhammad Faizal; Darussalam, Miftah Farid
Global: Jurnal Politik Internasional Vol. 23, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This paper frames the approach to determining policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which either prioritise human health security protection or economic vulnerability. In this paper, the human security concept will be used to explain COVID-19 as a health security problem due to the existence of an existential threat. However, the same approach is not applicable in looking at COVID-19 as an economic security problem. Because the existential threat is less visible in human economic security aspects, it tends to be more appropriate to look at COVID-19 as the stressor that strengthens human vulnerabilities. This paper uses a qualitative descriptive approach by using the conceptual framework to analyse news, reports, books, and academic journals as the sources of data. The writers analyse and group the data by types of security, as well as based upon the root causes that contribute to human vulnerability, then compare both sectors. This paper argues that in the pandemic situation, human health is threatened, whereas the economy is at a vulnerable position due to COVID-19. This paper also argues that COVID-19 has not yet threatened human economic security in the early stage, but soon, it will. As a result, stakeholders need to prioritise policies based on the human health security approach.
Di Bawah Spirit Liberal-Institusionalisme: Kajian Komparatif Gagasan Dynamic Equilibrium dan ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific Ardianti, Dinar Elly; Rosyidin, Mohamad; Alfian, Muhammad Faizal
Indonesian Perspective Vol 8, No 1: (Januari-Juni 2023): 1-210
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v8i1.55088

Abstract

This article aims to compare two Indonesia’s foreign policy ideas, namely, dynamic equilibrium and the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP). It treats both ideas as an analytical tool instead of propositions to be tested against empirical evidence. Using liberal-institutionalism approach, this article argues that despite both ideas applies in the Indo-Pacific region, both have different characteristics. While dynamic equilibrium can be regarded as a foreign policy doctrine which only proposes the basic principles of interstate relations, AOIP is a cooperative framework which becomes policy guidance for countries in the region. However, both ideas conforms liberal-institutionalism premises that international regimes matter because it provides set of rules for cooperation rather than rivalry, recover ASEAN’s role as a key actor in the region, promote dialogue in dispute settlement, and gain economic development. 
Gagasan dan Presepsi Politik Luar Negeri Indonesia terhadap Rivalitas Amerika Serikat dengan China: Sebuah Resensi Kritis Alfian, Muhammad Faizal
Indonesian Perspective Vol 8, No 2: (Juli-Desember 2023): 211-338
Publisher : Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ip.v8i2.60445

Abstract

“Mendajung antara dua karang” merupakan salah satu karya Bung Hatta untuk mengambarkan posisi Indonesia pada masa Perang Dingin. Secara garis besar karya ini merupakan bagian dari konsolidasi kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia dalam menghadapi perang ideologi besar antara dua negara berpengaruh Blok Timur yang dipimpin Uni Soviet dan Blok Barat yang dipimpin Amerika Serikat. Istilah Mendayung dalam dua karang ini merupakan istilah yang dapat mengambarkan politik luar negeri bebas aktif yang berusaha untuk terhindar dari tekanan eksternal dari negara hegemoni menyebar luaskan pengaruhnya terhadap Indonesia. Persaingan Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet mungkin sudah tidak relevan lagi dalam konteks kontemporer sejak runtuhnya Uni Soviet, akan tetapi Daniel Novotny membawa gagasan ‘mendajung antara dua karang” untuk menjelaskan politik luar negeri Indonesia terhadap Amerika Serikat dan China dalam bukunya yang berjudul “Torn between Amerika dan China; Elite Perceptions and Indonesian Foreign Policy”. Buku Novonty merupakan suatu kajian yang memberikan pemahaman pembuat kebijakan Indonesia pasca perang dingin dengan menitik beratkan upaya Indonesia dalam menemukan jalannya ditengah persaingan dua kekuatan besar antara Amerika Serikat dan China. Selain itu, Novonty juga menyoroti bagaimana persepsi terhadap permasalahan keamanan para elit politik “pejabat” yang diambil berdasarkan pemikiran dan pandangan presiden, menteri, diplomat senior dan perwira tinggi angkatan darat Indonesia terhadap dunia luar pasca perang dingin. Pemikiran dan padangan elit politik menjadi determinan dalam proses melihat ancaman, sehingga berpengaruh pada politik luar negeri Indonesia ditengah dua persaingan kekuatan besar yaitu AS dan China.
ASEAN Countries on Overcoming US – China Trade War Zuliyan, Muhammad Arief; Alfian, Muhammad Faizal
Review of International Relations Vol 6 No 1 (2024): Review of International Relations (Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hubungan Internasional)
Publisher : UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/rir.v6i1.47193

Abstract

The trade war between the United States and China mostly has a negative impact to foreign policy in Indo-Pacific Region, included ASEAN countries. The US-China Trade war absolutely hamper ASEAN economicallyThe ASEAN nations are dealing with China-US relations as two great power states are taking big important role economically in ASEAN. This work is aim to question how ASEAN takes action from this situation to overcome the impact of Trade war and by using Neoliberalism, the paper would like to show the strategy ‘flexibility in interdependence’ which explains how the ASEAN economic integration could mitigate the problems and reducing the tensions using liberal interdependence. We conclude the flexibility in interdependence is based on two trade instrument including Generalized System Preference (GSP) and Regional Comprehensive Economic Forum (RCEP).
Co-Authors Ahmad Luqman Hakim, Ahmad Luqman Alamsyah, Mirah Satria Anggraheni, Palupi Ardianti, Dinar Elly Cahyani, Afni Regita Christanti, Naomi Febri Dhiaulhaq, Yusuf Farid, Miftah Fatharini, Anjani Tri Hadi, Dedi Abdul Hardi Warsono Hudaya, Maula Ika Riswanti Putranti Khairunisa, Adilah Hasna Luneto, Riska Mohamad Rosyidin Muhammad Subhan Paganizza, Valeria Putri, Sapen Sartika Unyi Rahmasari, Dyah Ayu Reni Windiani Ridlo, Muhammad Mu’adz Hafidz setiyaningsih, dewi Susiatiningsih, Rr. Hermini Zuliyan, Muhammad Arief