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Journal : JOURNAL SPORT AREA

Validity and reliability of the self-regulation martial arts questionnaire (SR-MAQ): A study in 3 types of martial arts Alif, Muhammad Nur; Komarudin; Muhtar, Tatang; Mulyana
Journal Sport Area Vol 9 No 3 (2024): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2024.vol9(3).18029

Abstract

Background Problems: Self-regulation, which includes positive behavior, metacognitive awareness, and motivation, is critical to adolescents' development.  Despite its benefits in structured activities such as martial arts, there is a lack of existing tools to assess self-regulation among adolescent martial arts participants. This study addresses this gap by developing an instrument to measure adolescents' self-regulation abilities. Research Objectives: This research aims to adapt an instrument in the form of a questionnaire to measure self-regulation in martial arts activities. Methods: The author uses the cross-cultural adaptation method. Adapting research instruments is not just a language change. There is an aspect of cross-cultural adaptation that is important so that the research instrument can measure what it should measure (valid) and be reliable (consistent in measurement). A total of 58 participants were involved in three stages of instrument validity, consisting of 21 pencak silat students, 18 karate students, and 19 taekwondo students who were selected proportionally. Findings/Results: After data analysis, the results of this research are 67 SR-MAQ question items declared valid and reliable. Conclusion: The development of the SR-MAQ instrument allows for the measurement of the self-regulation of teenage martial arts practitioners, contributing to their positive development. To expand the utility and generalisability of this instrument, we need further research involving a wider age range and participants from different types of martial arts. This will not only increase the relevance of the findings but also provide richer insights into the role of self-regulation in various adolescent activity contexts.
Martial arts and psychosocial development in primary education: A systematic review of social-emotional learning (SEL) Herdiansyah; Subarjah, Herman; Mahendra, Agus; Alif, Muhammad Nur; Baharuddin, Syaipul Hari
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).22664

Abstract

Background: Social-emotional learning (SEL) competencies are critical for children’s academic engagement and psychosocial well-being. Martial arts, which integrate structured practice, ethical instruction, and social interaction, are increasingly implemented in primary education; however, their effects on SEL outcomes in primary-school-aged children have not yet been systematically synthesized. Objectives: This systematic review aims to examine the effects of martial arts interventions on emotion regulation, executive function, and empathy among primary school children aged 6–12 years. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, PubMed, SAGE Journals, SpringerLink, and Emerald Insight up to August 2025. Eligibility criteria were established using the PICOS framework. Nine empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included. Study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment were independently performed by two reviewers using Covidence, with RoB 2 applied to randomized studies and the JBI checklist to non-randomized designs. Owing to methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively. Findings/Results: School-based and curriculum-integrated martial arts interventions were associated with improvements in children’s emotion regulation, executive functioning, and empathy. Positive outcomes were most evident in programs incorporating structured practice, reflective or mindfulness-based activities, cooperative learning, and autonomy-supportive pedagogy. Effects varied according to program duration, instructional fidelity, and pedagogical design, with limited or inconsistent findings reported for short-term or extracurricular interventions lacking explicit socioemotional components. Conclusion: Martial arts can be an effective pedagogical approach for enhancing SEL-related psychosocial competencies in primary education when delivered through structured, value-based programs. Future studies should prioritize standardized curricula, robust experimental designs, and longitudinal follow-up to determine the sustainability of intervention effects.
Contribution of martial arts participation to interpersonal intelligence in adolescents: An ex post facto study Alif, Muhammad Nur; Komarudin; Septiadi, Firman; Mulyana
Journal Sport Area Vol 10 No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/sportarea.2025.vol10(3).24353

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a crucial stage for identity formation and social skill development, yet many adolescents struggle with emotional regulation and building healthy interpersonal relationships. Martial arts activities are known to instill discipline, respect, and cooperation, contributing to socio-emotional growth. However, empirical studies examining the direct relationship between martial arts participation and interpersonal intelligence especially in the Indonesian adolescent context remain limited. Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of martial arts activities in supporting the development of adolescent interpersonal intelligence through the values of discipline, cooperation, and respect for others. Methods: This study used an ex post facto method with a quantitative approach. The subjects were 87 adolescents who actively participated in martial arts training in pencak silat, karate, and taekwondo in Bandung City. The instruments used included a martial arts activity questionnaire and a validated interpersonal intelligence scale. Findings/Results: The results of the compare mean analysis showed that the highest average score in interpersonal intelligence was found in the empathy indicator (M = 17.2; SD = 2.1), while in martial arts activities the highest was found in the activity type indicator (M = 13.4; SD = 2.2). In addition, the results of simple linear regression showed a 36.4% contribution of martial arts activities to interpersonal intelligence (R2 = 0.364; F = 122.77; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The findings indicate that martial arts participation contributes positively to adolescents’ socio-emotional development, particularly by strengthening interpersonal intelligence. This study provides an important contribution by offering empirical evidence for the role of sports-based character education in shaping interpersonal skills. However, the limited sample and the use of an ex post facto design reduce the generalizability and do not allow causal interpretation. Future research should involve larger and more diverse participants as well as stronger methodological designs to better understand how martial arts influence adolescents’ interpersonal development.