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Ratnawati, Elfrida
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RISIKO HUKUM BANK ATAS SERTIFIKAT TUMPANG TINDIH (OVERLAPPING) SEBAGAI AGUNAN PEMBIAYAAN HAK TANGGUNGAN Balgis, Erna Rahma; Ratnawati, Elfrida; Rahmawan, Dhany; Indirahati, Novina Sri; Bustani, Simona
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 Edisi 2 Januari 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v7i2.2843

Abstract

Abstract: The aim of this research is to examine banks' legal risks regarding overlapping certificates which are used as collateral for Mortgage financing. Overlapping certificates are a condition where two or more land ownership certificates are issued on the same land object. The main problem in this research is how is the bank's legal risk (mitigation) regarding overlapping certificates used as collateral for mortgage financing? The research method used is normative, the data used in this research is secondary data from the Statute Approach. The results of this research are that mitigating risks related to overlapping certificates used as collateral requires a comprehensive approach that includes verification, assessment and overall risk management. With the right steps, banks can protect themselves from potential losses arising from legal issues related to collateral until the process of binding Mortgage Rights can be carried out perfectly.Keywords: Legal Risk, Bank, Certificate,Overlapping
PEMBAHARUAN KEBIJAKAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI INDONESIA PASCA REFORMASI TAHUN 1998 Afriyandi, Muhammad Rizcky; Ratnawati, Elfrida; Rahmawan, Dhany; Indirahati, Novina Sri; Bustani, Simona
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 Edisi 3 Januari 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v7i2.2771

Abstract

Abstract: Post-1998 Reform Era, Indonesia has shown an increased commitment to reforming human rights (HR) policies through the enactment of various laws, such as Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, Law No. 26 of 2000 on the Human Rights Court, and Law No. 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of these laws in providing HR protection and to identify the challenges in their implementation. The analysis shows that, despite strengthened regulations, technical challenges, varying interpretations at the regional level, and uneven public understanding remain obstacles. Additionally, globalization, which brings higher international standards, has pushed Indonesia to align its legal policies with global commitments. In conclusion, more intensive public outreach and a community-based approach are necessary to ensure optimal HR protection. Recommendations are provided to strengthen HR education among the public and to enhance inter-agency coordination for effective enforcement.Keywords: Inter-Agency, Coordination, Effective Enforcement.
EKSEKUSI PENGELOLAAN ROYALTI BERBASIS BLOCKCHAIN DENGAN FITUR SMART CONTRACT DALAM EKOSISTEM INDUSTRI DIGITAL Silalahi, Andreas Parasian; Ratnawati, Elfrida; Rahmawan, Dhany; Indirahati, Novina Sri; Bustani, Simona
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 Edisi 2 Januari 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v7i2.2890

Abstract

Abstract: The writing of the paper aims to study the blockchain technology in terms of royalty distribution, which offers an efficient, transparent, and secure solution. The major issue of this study is about how the blockchain-based royalty execution mechanisms can be aligned with Copyright Law. This research employs a normative methodology based on the primary legal sources, namely legal norms from regulations and jurisprudence, secondary legal sources, namely thoughts related to the study drawn from legal facts, doctrines, books, journals, the internet, and other sources, as well as tertiary legal sources that provide additional information or guidelines derived from primary as well as secondary legal sources. The results of current study imply hat the technology can be implemented without conflicting with the existing regulations and provide a stronger copyright protection and a fairer royalty distribution. Challenges faced include technology adoption and regulatory adjustments in the future.Keywords: Blockchain, Smart Contract, Royalty. 
TINJAUAN KASUS PENCEMARAN NAMA BAIK BERDASARKAN KUHP YANG BERKEPASTIAN HUKUM Angelina, Jennifer; Ratnawati, Elfrida; Rahmawan, Dhany; Indirahati, Novina Sri; Bustani, Simona
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 Edisi 3 Januari 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v7i2.2829

Abstract

Abstract: Articles 310–316 of the Criminal Code address the offense of defamation of reputation, with the goal of safeguarding individuals' honor and dignity. The standards for what is considered damage to one's reputation require reevaluation with regard to numerous aspects. The public's hazy understanding of defamation further highlights the importance of having precise legal guidance. Reviewing pertinent statutes and court records is an integral part of the normative law research methodology. The ruling by the Constitutional Court in Decision No. 78/PUU-XXI/2023 states that the defamation Criminal Code Article 310 Paragraph 1 is deemed "conditionally unconstitutional" due to its incompatibility with the principles outlined in the 1945 Constitution. That is why Law No. 1 of 2023 will amend Article 310 of the Criminal Code to Article 433 in order to close the gap, make discrimination less likely, and avoid ambiguity in its application. Legal action cannot be pursued without an official report from the party who feels wronged by the action, as stated in Article 310 of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Decision No. 78/PUU-2023 of the Constitutional Court, as well as Article 433 of Regulation No. 1 Year 2023. So, when it comes to defamation charges, law enforcement needs to be extra careful and not make hasty decisions without taking everything into account.Keywords: Policy, Criminal Law, Defamation.
AKUNTABILITAS HUKUM CORPORATE GUARANTEE DALAM PERJANJIAN PEMBIAYAAN INVESTASI: KAJIAN TERHADAP DEBITUR WANPRESTASI Nurhandayani, Pina; Ratnawati, Elfrida; Rahmawan, Dhany; Indirahati, Novina Sri; Bustani, Simona
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 Edisi 3 Januari 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v7i2.2816

Abstract

Abstract: This research aims to analyze the legal accountability of Corporate guarantees in investment financing agreements, especially when the debtor defaults. The Corporate guarantee, as a form of company-backed security, plays an important role in providing protection to creditors against the risk of the debtor’s inability to fulfill obligations. The main issue in this study is how legal protection is provided for the Corporate guarantee and the creditor in bearing risks when the debtor defaults. This research employs a normative approach based on legislation related to Corporate guarantees. Secondary legal sources used in this study include laws and regulations, scholarly journals, books, and other legal products relevant to the issue, along with an analysis of policies and legal rules directly related to the researched matter. This approach aims to provide a strong legal basis for resolving related issues. The research findings indicate that the accountability of Corporate guarantees still requires stricter regulations in cases of debtor default, and legal protections for both creditors and Corporate guarantees should be strengthened by implementing clearer and more stringent rules regarding the execution of company-backed security in the event of debtor default.Keywords: Legal Accountability. Default. Legal Protection 
KETIDAKPASTIAN ATAS KEKUATAN HUKUM PUTUSAN HOMOLOGASI TERHADAP PENYITAAN ASET PERUSAHAAN YANG DIDUGA HASIL DARI TINDAK PIDANA PENCUCIAN UANG Pratama, Agung; Ratnawati, Elfrida; Rahmawan, Dhany; Indirahati, Novina Sri; Bustani, Simona
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 Edisi 3 Januari 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v7i2.2867

Abstract

Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the uncertainty over the legal force of homologation decisions on the confiscation of company assets suspected of being the proceeds of money laundering crimes, focusing on the main issues related to legal uncertainty in the context of the implementation of homologation decisions (amicable agreements in bankruptcy proceedings) and how it affects the confiscation of assets suspected of being involved in money laundering crimes. This journal explores the conflict between bankruptcy law and criminal law, particularly in situations where the assets of the company involved in the homologation are suspected to be proceeds of crime. This research uses the normative method, namely legislation. The results show that the homologation decision needs to take precedence before the process of confiscating company assets suspected of originating from money laundering crimes. This is because the process of criminal confiscation events that occur against company assets suspected of being the proceeds of money laundering has clashed with the principle of Ultimum Remedium.Keywords: Bankruptcy Law, TPPU, Homologation.
URGENSI PERATURAN UNTUK PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP PRODUK KOSMETIK YANG MEMILIKI BAHAN BERLEBIHAN DALAM PRODUKSI Mulyanah, Dede; Ratnawati, Elfrida; Rahmawan, Dhany; Indirahati, Novina Sri; Bustani, Simona
Ensiklopedia of Journal Vol 7, No 2 (2025): Vol. 7 No. 2 Edisi 3 Januari 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Penerbitan Hasil Penelitian Ensiklopedia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33559/eoj.v7i2.2868

Abstract

Abstract: In running a business, entrepreneurs are required to follow several written regulations established by the government and regulated by law. In the pharmaceutical industry, entrepreneurs must register their products with a specific agency, namely BPOM. The government has created regulations regarding the supervision of cosmetic circulation to protect consumers and ensure the safety of cosmetic products. These regulations are designed to address the sale of cosmetics without trading permits. This research aims to understand how supervision is implemented and why it is ineffective in protecting consumers. The methods used are normative, and the research specification is descriptive analytical. The results indicate that the supervision conducted does not meet cosmetic supervision regulations and does not encompass the stage of consumer protection. The ineffectiveness of supervision is caused by law enforcement officials who cannot follow existing government regulations, as well as low public awareness.Keywords: BPOM, Cosmetics, Consumen Protection
Legal Protection for Third Parties Acquiring Rights in the Management of State Receivables de Rozari, Petrus; Ratnawati, Elfrida
Media Iuris Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): MEDIA IURIS
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mi.v8i1.65756

Abstract

The government has made various efforts to maximize state revenue, one of which is through issuing Government Regulation No. 28 of 2022 regarding the Management of State Receivables by the State Receivables Committee (Government Regulation 28/2022). According to this regulation, third parties who acquire rights from a debtor or debt guarantor can be held responsible for settling the debt, regardless of the reason. These rights can be seized and auctioned by the state, and the third party can face civil sanctions, travel bans, or even imprisonment. This research aims to examine the legal protection for third parties acquiring rights in the management of state receivables under Government Regulation 28/2022. The research uses a normative method with a descriptive approach. The findings indicate that protection for third parties remains limited due to unclear and vague provisions in Government Regulation 28/2022. This lack of clarity can lead to the abuse of authority by the state, potentially harming third parties acting in good faith. This study is expected to provide insights into the relevance of the regulation and offer recommendations to strengthen legal protections for third parties acquiring rights.
CATAT PERKAWINAN UNTUK KEPASTIAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM (STUDI KASUS: KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA) Ratnawati, Elfrida; Kamba, Sri Nanang M; Sihombing, Januardo SP; Maloringan, Julius F
Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia Vol 18, No 2 (2021): Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia - Juni 2021
Publisher : Direktorat Jenderal Peraturan Perundang-undang, Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54629/jli.v18i2.817

Abstract

Dalam statistik jumlah penduduk yang tidak memiliki akta perkawinan di Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Minahasa Utara hingga 2021 tercatat sejumlah 58.617 orang, dari 109.111 orang yang status perkawinannya kawin. Banyak perkawinan hanya disahkan oleh agama dan kepercayaannya namun tidak dicatatkan pada negara, padahal perkawinan sah apabila dilakukan menurut agama dan kepercayaannya itu serta dicatatkan pada negara, ini amanat dari Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan yang ditegaskan dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) dan (2). Bagaimana mendorong masyarakat agar sadar akan pentingnya pencatatan perkawinan untuk kepastian dan perlindungan hukum dan Apakah usaha yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Kependudukan Sipil untuk menggerakkan masyarakat Minahasa Utara merupakan masalah yang akan dibahas dalam artikel ini. Artikel ini berdasar pada penelitian hukum normatif yang didukung data primer dan sekunder, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptip dan ditarik kesimpulan dari hal yang bersifat umum ke khusus. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menyatakan masyarakat di Kabupaten Minahasa Utara tidak mencatatkan perkawinannya karena kurangnya pemahaman akan amanat Undang-undang Perkawinan dan  menganggap pencatatan perkawinan hanya bagian dari administrasi saja dan tidak penting sehingga diabaikan dengan menjadikan biaya, waktu dan jauhnya perjalanan sebagai alasan. Usaha yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Kependudukan Sipil adalah memberikan pengarahan berupa penyuluhan kepada masyarakat agar sadar akan pentingnya pencatatan perkawinan demi kepastian dan perlindungan hukum. 
Legal Guarantees for Persons with Disabilities to Secure Decent Work: A Human Rights Perspective from Indonesia S., Laurensius Arliman; Ratnawati, Elfrida; Razak, Aida Abdul
Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika Vol 8 No 2 (2024): 2024
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Hukum Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25072/jwy.v8i2.4463

Abstract

Employment rights for people with disabilities are often neglected due to the lack of respect for equality before the law and respect for human rights. This study aims to examine: (1) the position and role of national and international law in regulating the right to work for people with disabilities; and (2) the implementation of regulations regarding the right to work for people with disabilities in Indonesia from a human rights perspective. Using normative legal research. The results of the study indicate that the international legal framework, especially the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which has been ratified through Law Number 19 of 2011, provides a strong foundation for the recognition and protection of employment rights for people with disabilities. At the national level, this regulation is strengthened by the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Employment, and Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities. The impact of this study is that it must strengthen the implementation of non-discrimination experienced by people with disabilities in the world of work.
Co-Authors Adani, Sajida Afriyandi, Muhammad Rizcky Agung Pratama Ali Nugroho, Ali Andrian, Willy Angelina, Jennifer Anwar*, Aulia Citra Ardhiyani, Novie Astrini, Widiya Murti Balgis, Erna Rahma Budiarti, Wijaya de Rozari, Petrus E. Dhany Rahmawan Eka Pratiwi Neoe, Sry Rahayu Elahi Fikri, Faisal Fernandes, Maria Angelica Araujo Flora, Erica Harefa, Isasari Hunafa, Sulthan I Gede Yudi Arsawan Indah Budhianti, Meta Indirahati, Novina Sri Istianti, Ria Kamba, Sri Nanang M Kusumawati, Winda Laurensius Arliman S Lubis, Ali Hakim Maloringan, Julius F Margaretha, Selviana Mulyanah, Dede Muttaqin Muttaqin Napitupulu, Anton Anju Nazir, Muhammad Afdal Novina Sri Indiraharti, Novina Sri Nurhandayani, Pina Nursantih, Nadia Permata, Azzahra Ayu Nur Podungge, Alamsyah Pratomo, Abdurracman Satrio Pravana, Alam Puspitarini, Ratnasari Putra, Adde Pramana Ramadhan, Fauzan Rangga, Rangga Razak, Aida Abdul Sihombing, Januardo SP Silalahi, Andreas Parasian Simona Bustani, Simona Sugeng Riyadi Valentino, Nova YS, Masyitoh Yuhao, Sun