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Ratnawati, Elfrida
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Religion Arts Humanities Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Indikasi Jual Rugi untuk Menyingkirkan Pelaku Usaha Lainnya Berdasarkan Uu No. 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Flora, Erica; Ratnawati, Elfrida
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i1.1052

Abstract

In buying and selling activities on the TikTok application, many business actors sell goods below market price with the aim of getting rid of their competitors or other business actors. Are the actions of business actors who reduce prices below market with the aim of eliminating their competitors permitted in Law no. 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Business Competition? is the main problem of writing this research. The research method used is normative legal research, which uses secondary data and is analysed descriptively. The results of this research show that the actions of business actors who reduce prices below market with the aim of eliminating their competitors are prohibited according to the Business Competition Law, in the proof process using the approach rule of reason it is necessary to fulfil the elements of Article 20 of the Business Competition Law to be considered a selling practice at a loss. The flash sale program with the features live streaming in the TikTok application, is not necessarily a practice of selling at a loss carried out by business actors because it requires fulfilment of the elements, conditions, and validation of the sale of this practice.
Tinjauan Kasus Cyber Phising 16 Shop Berdasarkan UU ITE Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Permata, Azzahra Ayu Nur; Ratnawati, Elfrida
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i1.1053

Abstract

This study discusses the case of cyber phishing carried out by the phishing Group 16 Shop, namely fraud by creating and selling fake website and software platforms resembling genuine electronic transaction sites for the purpose of deceiving targets. has the ITE Law Number 19 of 2016 been effectively implemented by the government to protect victims and enforce laws related to Cyber Phishing crimes? Is the principal problem of writing this study. The research method used in this study is normative legal research that connects various sources of legal material and is analyzed descriptively. This study aims to analyze the case of “Cyber Phishing 16 Shop” associated with ITE Law Number 19 of 2016 in the role of regulating and protecting cybercriminals related to electronic transactions
Consumer Protection Against Flight Delays Resulting from Airline Operational Failures to Provide Information Services as Part of Human Rights Arliman S, Laurensius; Ratnawati, Elfrida; Sihombing, Januardo Sulung Partogi; Multiwijaya, Vience Ratna; Razak, Aida Abdul
Arena Hukum Vol. 19 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum2026.01901.2

Abstract

Flight delays, cancellations, and unilateral flight rescheduling are persistent issues, obstructing the protection of consumer rights in Indonesia’s aviation services sector. The legal issues examined in this study are: (1) the form of legal protection for passengers affected by flight delays from a human rights perspective, and (2) the responsibility of the state and airlines in ensuring the fulfilment of passengers’ rights. Previous studies by Fahrizal et al. (2022) examined business actors’ liability for flight delays, Thoriq & Ilham (2023) focused on unilateral flight cancellations, and Budi & Siddiq (2025) analysed unilateral flight rescheduling. Although these studies share a common focus on consumer protection, they have not comprehensively integrated a human rights perspective. This study aims to analyse legal protection for airline passengers from a human rights perspective and to examine the responsibilities of airlines and the state. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and comparative approaches. The analytical framework is based on human rights theory, legal liability theory, and legal protection theory. The findings indicate that flight delays without fair and transparent handling constitute violations of human rights and the right to information as guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, and Law No. 1 of 2009 on Aviation, as partially amended by Law No. 6 of 2023. Airlines must be held liable in providing compensation, accommodation, or alternative flights, while the government, through the Ministry of Transportation, is authorised to impose sanctions on negligent airlines. It is recommended that the government strengthen effective complaint mechanisms to ensure the protection of passengers’ rights.
Co-Authors Adani, Sajida Afriyandi, Muhammad Rizcky Agung Pratama Ali Nugroho, Ali Andrian, Willy Angelina, Jennifer Anwar*, Aulia Citra Ardhiyani, Novie Astrini, Widiya Murti Balgis, Erna Rahma Budiarti, Wijaya de Rozari, Petrus E. Dhany Rahmawan Eka Pratiwi Neoe, Sry Rahayu Fernandes, Maria Angelica Araujo Flora, Erica Harefa, Isasari Hunafa, Sulthan I Gede Yudi Arsawan Indah Budhianti, Meta Indirahati, Novina Sri Istianti, Ria Kamba, Sri Nanang M Kusumawati, Winda Laurensius Arliman S Lubis, Ali Hakim Maloringan, Julius F Margaretha, Selviana Multiwijaya, Vience Ratna Mulyanah, Dede Muttaqin Muttaqin Napitupulu, Anton Anju Nazir, Muhammad Afdal Novina Sri Indiraharti, Novina Sri Nurhandayani, Pina Nursantih, Nadia Permata, Azzahra Ayu Nur Podungge, Alamsyah Pratomo, Abdurracman Satrio Pravana, Alam Puspitarini, Ratnasari Putra, Adde Pramana Ramadhan, Fauzan Rangga, Rangga Razak, Aida Abdul Sihombing, Januardo SP Sihombing, Januardo Sulung Partogi Silalahi, Andreas Parasian Simona Bustani, Simona Sugeng Riyadi Valentino, Nova YS, Masyitoh Yuhao, Sun