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All Journal Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan indonesia Jurnal Kesehatan Laa Maisyir Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Transformasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Public Health of Indonesia HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development) HIGIENE: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Window of Health : Jurnal Kesehatan Al-sihah: The Public Health Science Journal Placentum: Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan dan Aplikasinya Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity Community Research Of Epidemiology (CORE) Homes Journal: Hospital Management Studies Journal KHIDMAH: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Sociality: Journal of Public Health Service Unified Health Critical Research
Syahrul Basri
Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar
Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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Journal : Unified Health Critical Research

 1 
From Smart to Surveillance? Ethical Risks of Data-Driven Urban Governance in Smart Cities Basri, Syahrul
Unihealth Community Research Vol 2 No 1 (2026): September-February
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/ucr.v2i1.65612

Abstract

The rapid expansion of smart city initiatives has reshaped urban governance through the extensive use of digital technologies, big data, and artificial intelligence. While these developments promise greater efficiency, sustainability, and improved public services, they also generate significant ethical risks that remain underexplored in both policy and academic debates. This study critically examines the ethical implications of data-driven urban governance by focusing on four key dimensions: privacy and surveillance, social inequality and digital exclusion, power and control dynamics, and environmental sustainability. Using a qualitative critical literature review, this paper synthesizes interdisciplinary research from urban studies, governance, and technology ethics to identify systemic ethical vulnerabilities embedded within smart city frameworks. The findings indicate that pervasive data collection practices increasingly normalize urban surveillance and threaten individual privacy. Furthermore, smart technologies tend to reproduce existing social inequalities by privileging digitally connected populations while marginalizing vulnerable groups. The concentration of data ownership and algorithmic control within governmental and corporate actors reinforces asymmetrical power relations and constrains democratic participation. In addition, the pursuit of technological efficiency often conflicts with environmental sustainability due to increased energy consumption and resource exploitation. This study argues that without a robust ethical governance framework, smart cities risk evolving into technocratic and surveillance-oriented systems. Therefore, integrating ethical principles such as transparency, accountability, inclusivity, and sustainability is essential for ensuring that data-driven urban governance supports social justice and long-term urban resilience.
Co-Authors Abdul Gafur Abdul Majid H.R. Lagu Abdul Majid HR. Lagu Abdul Majid HR. Lagu Adnan, Yudi Alfi, Nur Ainin Andi Ade Ula Saswini Andi Ade Ulasaswini Andi Ita Juwita Andi Susilawaty Asrul Syamsul, Muhammad Aswarin Prastiani Azriful Azriful Bambang Soeprijono Bs. Titi Haerana Dewi Sartika Dian Rezki Wijaya Dwi Santy Damayati, Dwi Santy Emmi Bujawati Erlina Hamzah Erlina Hamzah Erlina Hamzah Fachry Abda El Rahman Fatmawaty Mallapiang Fitri Rahmadhani Fitri, Nurdia Gunawan Rasyidi Habibi Habibi Habibi Habibi Habibi . Habibi . Habibi Habibi Habibi Habibi Hasbi Ibrahim Hasbi Ibrahim Hudayat, Miftahul Ilham Ahmad Iman Kurnianda Indar indar Irviani Anwar Ibrahim Krisno Bimantoro Krisno Bimantoro Lilis Widiastuty Mappau, Zrimurti Muh. Rusmin Muh. Saleh, Muh. Muhammad Ikhtiar Muhammad Kahfi Muhammad Khalifah Mustami Muhammad Rusmin Muhammad Saleh Muhammad Saleh Muhammad Saleh Muhammad Saleh Jastam Muhammad Saleh Jastam Munawir Amansyah Munawir Amansyah Munawir Amansyah Munawir Amansyah Musdalifah Musdalifah Nildawati Nildawati Ilda Nur Hidayat Nur Hildha Sahib Nurdiyanah Syarifuddin Nurdiyanah Syarifuddin Nurdiyanah Syarifuddin Nurfadhillah Nurfadhillah Nurfadillah Sudirman Nurlita, Nurlita Nurrahmi Paizah Nurul Wahyu Septiani Onky Pranata Putra Pirmah, Nurul Anisa Putri Puspitasari Wahyuddin Qadri Karim Ranti Ekasari Ranti Ekasari, Ranti Rasyidin, Gunawan Rezki Rahmatullah Ruslan La Ane, Ruslan Saleh, Muh Samsiana . Sherli Wahyuni Sitti Raodhah Sri Wahyuningsih Surahmawati Surahmawati Surahmawati Surahmawati Syahratul Aeni Syamsul Alam Syamsul Alam Syamsuryana Basri Syarfaini Syarfaini Syarfaini Syarfaini, Syarfaini Ulasaswini, Andi Ade Ultry Maisari Vika Yuliandira Wahab, Wahyudi Wahyu Alfat Yudi Adnan Yudianti, Anita Zainal Hamzah Zilfadhilah Arranury Zilfadillah Arranury