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Fona Budiarso
Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Analisis Antioksidan Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Lidah Buaya Secara Insilico Dos D. L. E. Br Siagian; Billy J. Kepel; Aaltje Manampiring; Widdhi Bodhi; Fatimawali Fatimawali; Fona D.H. Budiarso
eBiomedik Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v10i2.46334

Abstract

Abstract: Aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) is a functional plant that is often found and has a wide range of health advantages. Antioxidants are chemical molecules that inhibit free radicals in the body, which can cause disease by generating oxidation events that destroy cell structure and function. The goal of this research is to see how bioactive chemicals from the aloe vera plant (Aloe vera L.) interact with antioxidant activity. The molecular docking method is combined with insilico analysis in this study, which employs four key applications: autodock tools, autodock vina, biovia discovery studio, and open babel. All amino acid residues in the bioactive compound Aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) act on the active site of the Human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (4D1O) receptor, according to the findings of this study. The binding energi of bioactive substances from aloe vera skin extract (Aloe vera L.) to the 4D1O receptor yielded promising results. Conclusion: Aloe vera (Aloe vera L.) extract bioactive component possesses antioxidant activity, which can particularly reduce or prevent free radical generation in the body. Keywords: Aloe vera (Aloe vera L.); Antioxidant; Human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (4D1O) receptor; Insilico. Abstrak: Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera L.) merupakan tanaman fungsional yang umum ditemui dan memiliki banyak manfaat bagi kesehatan. Antioksidan adalah senyawa kimia penghambat radikal bebas di dalam tubuh yang dapat menghambat terjadinya reaksi oksidasi dalam tubuh yang dapat merusak struktur dan fungsi sel sehingga menimbulkan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara senyawa bioaktif dari tanaman lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) terhadap aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode molecular docking dengan analisis secara insilico yang menggunakan 4 aplikasi utama: autodock tools, autodock vina, biovia discovery studio, dan open babel. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua residu asam amino pada senyawa bioaktif Lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) bekerja pada sisi aktif reseptor Human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (4D1O). Hasil binding energi senyawa bioaktif ekstrak kulit lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) terhadap reseptor 4D1O menunjukkan nilai yang bagus. Simpulan: Senyawa bioaktif ekstrak Lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yaitu secara spesifik dapat menekan atau menghambat aktivitas pembentukan radikal bebas di dalam tubuh. Kata kunci: Lidah buaya (Aloe vera L.); Antioksidan; reseptor Human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (4D1O); Insilico.
Penyuluhan dan Pelatihan Pembuatan Jamu Sehat Pada Kelompok UMKM PKK Lingkungan VII Kelurahan Malendeng Manado: - Fatimawali Fatimawali; Billy Kepel; Widdhi Bodhi; Aaltje Manampiring; Fona Budiarso; Paulina Yamlean; Trina Tallei
The Studies of Social Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1 (2023): The Studies of Social Sciences
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35801/tsss.v5i1.49725

Abstract

Indonesia kaya akan tanaman obat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Obat tradisional merupakan warisan nenek moyang Indonesia yang diperoleh secara empiris, biasanya dibuat dalam bentuk minuman herbal Jamu. Sampai saat ini keberadaan jamu terus berkembang karena sebagian besar masyarakat mengkonsumsi jamu yang memberikan manfaat kesehatan baik untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan terhadap suatu penyakit maupun meningkatkan stamina tubuh. Tujuan penyuluhan dan pelatihan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan kepada masyarakat melalui kelompok Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) dari Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (PKK) Lingkungan VII Kelurahan Malendeng Manado tentang manfaat dan cara pembuatan jamu herbal yang dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh dan berdaya guna bisnis. Metode yang digunakan berupa penyuluhan kepada kelompok PKK tentang manfaat herbal yang dapat dibuat jamu seperti temulawak, jahe, kunyit, sereh dan jeruk nipis dalam meningkatkan imunitas tubuh, dilanjutkan dengan pelatihan pembuatan jamu herbal kepada kelompok UMKM. Hasil penyuluhan dan pelatihan dapat menambah pengetahuan kelompok UMKM PKK tentang manfaat jamu herbal dan cara pembuatannya yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai usaha kelompok.
In Vitro Test of Leilem Leaf Ethanol Activity on β-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition Krispela Trifosa Oktavia Siregar; Fona Dwiana Hermina Budiarso; Billy Johnson Kepel; Fatimawali Fatimawali; Aaltje Ellen Manampiring; Widdhi Bodhi
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Volume 24 Issue 1, April 2024
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jis.v24i1.53599

Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with signs of elevated blood glucose levels. One of the targets of antidiabetic drugs is to inhibit the enzyme α-/β-glucosidase which works in the process of glucose absorption. Leilem plant (Clerodendrum minahassae Teisjm. & Binn.) is well known and used as a dish and medicine for several diseases in Minahasa and has potential as an antidiabetic agent. This study aimed to determine the activity of ethanolic extract of leilem leaves in inhibiting β-glucosidase enzyme. The extract was prepared with 96% ethanol. Antidiabetic properties were measured by β-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the extract compared tp acarbose were 28,229 and 13,716. Ethanol extract of leilem leaves inhibits β-glucosidase enzyme. Keywords : β-glucosidase; ethanol extract; in vitro; leilem leaf
Molecular Docking Senyawa Vitexin, Ursolic Acid dan Flavonol dalam Tumbuhan Binahong (Andredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) yang Berpotensi sebagai Penghambat Pertumbuhan COVID-19 Sensea R. Rambitan; Aaltje Manampiring; . Fatimawali; Billy J. Kepel; Fona Budiarso; Widdhi Bodhi
eBiomedik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v9i2.31825

Abstract

Abstract: Currently, there is no specific treatment for all the COVID-19 patients the procedures that can be done are just a symptomatic and oxygen therapy, Therefore all the people around the world have try to avoid this infection by consuming the potensial plants that can boost our body immunity like Binahong.  This study was an in silico experimental. The finale result is the binding affinity score from each compound, for vitexin’s binding affinity score is – 8.0 kcal/mol, ursolic acid – 7.6 kcal/mol and flavonol – 7.8 kcal/mol. The finale result of this procedure also obtained all the amino acid residues that works on the active site of receptor 6LU7 as a main protase of COVID-19, namely THR24, LEU27, HIS41, THR45, SER46, MET49, PHE140, LEU141, ASN142, GLY143, SER144, CYS145, HIS163, MET165, GLU166 and HIS172. In conclusion, the binding affinity of vitexin, ursolic acid and flavonol are higher than remdesivir. Vitexin, ursolic acid and flavonol have a several similar bonds, particularly the van der waals bond and hydrogen bond.Keywords: Molecular docking, COVID-19, binahong, flavonoid Abstrak: Saat ini belum tersedia rekomendasi tatalaksana khusus bagi pasien COVID-19, termasuk antivirus atau vaksin dan tata laksana yang dapat dilakukan adalah terapi simtomatik dan karena itulah, masyarakat dunia mencoba banyak cara agar menghindari infeksi virus ini dengan mengolah dan mengonsumsi tumbuhan yang dinilai berpotensi dalam meningkatkan imunitas tubuh seperti tumbuhan Binahong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian in silico. Pada hasil akhir penelitian diperoleh nilai binding affinity dari ketiga senyawa yaitu senyawa vitexin - 8.0 kcal/mol, Ursolic Acid -7.6 kcal/mol dan Flavonol -7.8 kcal/mol. Diperoleh data mengenai residu asam amino yang bekerja pada sisi aktif reseptor 6LU7 sebagai main protase COVID-19 yaitu THR24, LEU27, HIS41, THR45, SER46, MET49, PHE140, LEU141, ASN142, GLY143, SER144, CYS145, HIS163, MET165, GLU166, dan HIS172. Sebagai simpulan, binding affinity dari senyawa vitexin, ursolic acid dari flavonol lebih tinggi dari nilai binding affinity remdesivir. Senyawa vitexin, ursolic acid dan flavonol memiliki beberapa jenis ikatan yang sama termasuk ikatan van der Waals dan ikatan hydrogen.Kata Kunci: Molecular docking, COVID-19, binahong, flavonoid
Molecular Docking Senyawa Asam Askorbat dan Kuersetin pada Tumbuhan Jambu Biji Merah (Psidium guajava L.) Sebagai Pencegah COVID-19 Inggrid V. Gandu; Fona D. H. Budiarso; Billy J. Kepel; . Fatimawali; Aaltje Manampiring; Widdhi Bodhi
eBiomedik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v9i2.31846

Abstract

Abstract: Coronavirus Disease 2019 or COVID-19 is an infectious disease first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Prevention of COVID-19 infection is an important thing to do in reducing the spread of this virus. Boosting the body's immune system can be done as a preventive measure, one of which is by consuming natural plants such as red guava. This study aims to determine the molecular docking of red guava (Psidium guajava L.) as a plant to prevent COVID-19. This was an in silico with computerized methods. The samples in this study were ascorbic acid and quercetin compounds in red guava plants obtained from the PubChem website. The results showed that the binding affinity of ascorbic acid is -5.4 and the binding affinity of quercetin is -7.6. Remdesivir which was used as a positive control had a binding affinity of -7.3. In conclusion, quercetin compounds have better results than ascorbic acid compounds and remdesivir.Keywords: COVID-19, red guava, molecular docking  Abstrak: Coronavirus Disease 2019 atau COVID-19 merupakan suatu penyakit menular yang pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, Tiongkok pada Desember 2019. Pencegahan infeksi COVID-19 merupakan hal yang penting untuk dilakukan dalam mengurangi penyebaran dari virus ini. Meningkatkan sistem imun tubuh dapat dilakukan sebagai tindakan pencegahan salah satunya dengan mengonsumsi tumbuhan-tumbuhan alami seperti jambu biji merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui molecular docking jambu biji merah (Psidium guajava L.) sebagai tanaman pencegah COVID-19. Jenis penelitian ialah in silico dengan metode komputerisasi. Sampel penelitian yaitu senyawa asam askorbat dan kuersetin pada tumbuhan jambu biji merah yang diperoleh dari website pubchem. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan binding affinity dari senyawa asam askorbat yaitu -5.4 dan binding affinity dari senyawa kuersetin yaitu -7.6. Remdesivir yang dijadikan sebagai kontrol positif mendapatkan hasil binding affinity yaitu -7.3. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah senyawa kuersetin memiliki hasil yang lebih baik daripada senyawa asam askorbat dan juga obat remdesivir.Kata kunci: COVID-19, jambu biji merah, molecular docking
Molecular Docking Terhadap Senyawa Kurkumin dan Arturmeron pada Tumbuhan Kunyit (Curcuma Longa Linn.) yang Berpotensi Menghambat Virus Corona Tiara C. Pradani; . Fatimawali; Aaltje E. Manampiring; Billy J. Kepel; Fona D. Budiarso; Widdhi Bodhi
eBiomedik Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021): eBiomedik
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35790/ebm.v9i2.31888

Abstract

Abstract: At the end of 2019 the world was shocked by the emergence of a new virus, namely the corona virus (SARS-CoV 2) which is called Corona Virus Disease 2019 or COVID-19. The origin of the emergence of this virus is known to have originated in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019.1 Research shows a close relationship with the corona virus that causes Severe Acute Respitatory Syndrome (SARS) which broke out in Hong Kong in 2003, until WHO named it the novel corona virus ( nCoV19). Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a tropical plant that has many benefits and is found in many parts of Indonesia. Turmeric is widely used by the community as a traditional medicine to treat several diseases, such as: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and others. This study aims to determine the content in several compounds in the turmeric plant that have the potential to inhibit COVID-19 by using the molecular docking method. Using the In Silico method, namely molecular docking with the compounds taken were curcumin and ar-turmerone and the main protease COVID-19 (6LU7). This study obtained the binding affinity of curcumin compounds, namely -7.2 and Ar-turmerone -5.8 compounds against Mpro COVID-19. Remdesivir, which was used as a positive control, had a binding affinity of -7.7. In conclusion, remdesivir got better results compared to curcumin and Ar-turmerone compounds.Keywords: Molecular Docking, Turmeric, COVID-19.  Abstrak: Pada akhir tahun 2019 dunia digemparkan dengan munculnya virus baru yaitu corona virus (SARS-CoV 2) yang disebut dengan Corona Virus Disease 2019 atau COVID-19. Awal mula munculnya virus ini diketahui berasal dari Kota Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, China pada Desember 2019.1  Penelitian menunjukkan hubungan yang dekat dengan virus corona penyebab Severe Acute Respitatory Syndrome (SARS) yang mewabah di Hongkong pada tahun 2003, hingga WHO menamakannya sebagai novel corona virus (nCoV19). Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman tropis yang banyak memiliki manfaat dan banyak ditemukan di wilayah Indonesia. Kunyit banyak dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati beberapa penyakit seperti: antiinflamasi, antioksidan, hepatoprotektor, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan dalam beberapa senyawa pada tumbuhan kunyit yang berpotensi menghambat COVID-19 dengan metode molecular docking. Menggunakan metode In Silico yaitu molecular docking dengan senyawa yang diambil adalah kurkumin dan ar-Turmerone dan main protease COVID-19 (6LU7). Penelitian ini didapatkan hasil binding affinity senyawa kurkumin yaitu -7.2 dan senyawa ar-turmeron -5.8 terhadap Mpro COVID-19. Remdesivir yang digunakan sebagai control positif mendapatkan hasil binding affinity yaitu -7.7. Sebagai simpulan, remdesivir mendapat hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan senyawa kurkumin dan ar-turmeron.Kata Kunci: Molecular Docking, Kunyit, COVID-19.
In Vitro Test of Antioxidant Activity of Leilem Leaf Ethanol Extract (Clerodendrum minahassae) Using DPPH and FRAP Methods Malino, Angeline Priscillia; Kepel, Billy Johnson; Budiarso, Fona Dwiana Hermina; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Manampiring, Aaltje Ellen; Bodhi, Widdhi
Heca Journal of Applied Sciences Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): March 2024
Publisher : Heca Sentra Analitika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.60084/hjas.v2i1.135

Abstract

The risk of degenerative diseases is increasing due to unhealthy lifestyles. Many people consume junk food, smoke, and do not protect themselves from sun exposure and pollution, exposing their bodies to free radicals. Free radicals can cause oxidative stress, necessitating the need for antioxidants to neutralize them. The leilem plant (Clerodendrum minahassae) is an endemic plant from North Sulawesi that is often used in traditional dishes and medicine. Moreover, leilem leaves are believed to be a source of natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of leilem leaf ethanol extract as a source of antioxidants. The antioxidant potential was evaluated using phytochemical screening and antioxidant assays such as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) methods, with ascorbic acid as a comparison. The level of antioxidant activity was measured by determining the IC50 value, which corresponds to the concentration of extract required to inhibit 50% of free radicals. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of leilem (Clerodendrum minahassae) leaves contains active compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, and alkaloids, indicating a high potential for antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for the DPPH method was 78.799 ppm, and the IC50 value for the FRAP method was 92.127 ppm. These results demonstrate that the ethanol extract of leilem leaves has strong antioxidant activity in both the DPPH and FRAP methods.
Penyuluhan Pembuatan Permen Jahe-Nanas Sebagai Suplemen Antioksidan pada Kelompok Ibu-Ibu Majelis Taklim Al-Hidayah Kelurahan Malendeng Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Kepel, Billy; Bodhi, Widdhi; Manampiring, Aaltje; Budiarso, Fona; Yamlean, Paulina; Ekawati Tallei, Trina
The Studies of Social Sciences Vol. 6 No. 2 (2024): The Studies of Social Sciences
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35801/tsss.v6i2.56832

Abstract

dimanfaatkan dan diolah secara tradisional sebagai pencegahan maupun pengobatan suatu penyakit. Sampai saat ini keberadaan obat tradisional jamu terus berkembang karena sebagian besar masyarakat mengkonsumsi jamu yang memberikan manfaat kesehatan baik untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan terhadap suatu penyakit maupun meningkatkan stamina tubuh. Tujuan penyuluhan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai manfaat tanaman obat tradisional jahe yang dapat dicampur dengan nanas untuk diolah menjadi permen yang bermanfaat sebagai suplemen antioksidan. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini dilakukan penyuluhan pada Ibu-ibu Majelis Taklim Al-Hidayah Kelurahan Malendeng Kecamatan Paal 2 Kota Manado, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Pelaksanan dimulai dengan penyuluhan pentingnya pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin dan dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan tekanan darah, kolesterol, asam urat dan gula darah kepada ibu-ibu Majelis Taklim Al-Hidayah. Setelah penyuluhan kesehatan, dilanjutkan dengan penyuluhan pembuatan permen jahe-nanas sebagai minuman suplemen antioksidan yang aman dan dapat dibuat secara sederhana dan dapat dikonsumsi setiap hari. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan kesehatan, ada beberapa ibu yang mempunyai tekanan darah, kadar asam urat, kolesterol dan gula darah yang berada diatas kondisi normal. Ibu-ibu Majelis Taklim juga mengetahui manfaat tanaman obat tradisional jahe dan nanas serta dapat mengetahui cara pembuatan permen jahe sebagai suplemen antioksidan yang dapat meningkatkan stamina tubuh. Disarankan kepada ibu-ibu untuk secara rutin mengunjungi puskesmas setempat untuk menjalani pemeriksaan dan pengobatan demi menjaga kondisi kesehatan tetap normal.
Efficacy of Purple Chrysanthemum Ethanol Extract in Inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Growth Paukiran, Degol; Budiarso, Fona; Manampiring, Aaltje; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Kepel, Billy Johnson; Bodhi , Widdhi
Grimsa Journal of Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/gjset.v3i1.63

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium, and Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium, are known to cause both enteric and systemic infections in humans. The improper use of antibiotics has often been associated with the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Purple chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) has shown significant potential as an alternative treatment, owing to its strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. These properties are attributed to the presence of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, flavones, essential oils, and other phytochemicals. This study aimed to identify secondary metabolites and evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts from purple chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). The extraction process was conducted using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and the antibacterial activity was assessed using the disc diffusion method at extract concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, with ciprofloxacin serving as the positive control. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and steroids in the ethanol extract of purple chrysanthemum. Importantly, all ethanol extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity. The highest inhibition zones were observed at a 50% concentration, with S. aureus showing an inhibition zone of 12.35 ± 0.4 mm, while E. coli exhibited an inhibition zone of 15.08 ± 0.22 mm.
In Vitro Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Purple Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) Leaf Extract Nastiti, Gemi; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Budiarso, Fona Dwiana Hermina; Manampiring, Aaltje Ellen; Kepel, Billy Johnson; Bodhi, Widdhi
Grimsa Journal of Science Engineering and Technology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Graha Primera Saintifika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61975/gjset.v3i1.70

Abstract

Chronic inflammatory diseases are the most significant cause of death in the world and pose the greatest threat to human health. Treatment of inflammation is usually done by taking anti-inflammatory drugs that have dangerous side effects in long-term use. Chrysanthemum is the largest horticultural commodity in North Sulawesi that also holds great potential in the world of health. Based on its phytochemical content, purple chrysanthemum leaves have potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. This study aimed to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of purple chrysanthemum leaves using the red blood cell membrane stabilization method. This study used an in vitro laboratory experimental method using rat blood. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was tested using the red blood cell membrane stabilization method at 4 concentration series, namely 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 400 ppm, then measured on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of purple chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) leaves contains active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and phenolics. The ethanol extract of purple chrysanthemum leaves exhibits anti-inflammatory activity, with higher extract concentrations demonstrating stronger anti-inflammatory effects. The stability percentage values obtained at 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm were 28.87%, 41.85%, 47.41%, and 64.15% with an IC50 of 235.88 ppm and a correlation coefficient of 0.94.
Co-Authors . Fatimawali Aaltje E. Manampiring Aaltje E. Manampiring Aaltje Ellen Manampiring Aaltje Manampiring Aaltje Manampiring Aaltje Manampiring Andrew Pangemanan, Andrew Angelique C. M. Tanan Angle Sorisi Bella Lestari, Bella Billy J. Kepel Billy J. Kepel Billy Johnson Kepel Billy Kepel Billy Kepel Bodhi , Widdhi Brily Lombogia, Brily Christine Hendra, Christine Devianitta Sarapi Dos D. L. E. Br Siagian Ekawati Tallei, Trina Fatimawali . Fatimawali Fatimawali Gemi Nastiti Gerungan, Yizreel Y. Inggrid V. Gandu Kepel, Billy Johnson Kepel, Regina E.M. Krispela Trifosa Oktavia Siregar Ley, Gabriella Therezia Ley Lisa Kepel Lumanto, Priscilla R. Malino, Angeline Priscillia Manampiring, Aaltje Ellen Mokoginta, Farah S. Novi Budiarso Pangow, Sofia Paukiran, Degol Paulina Yamlean Paulina yamlean Prasetio, Nathanael F. Rahmad Dian Ratu, Belinda D. P. M. Rimporok, Aprilia Rompis, Tessalonicha J. Ronald I. Ottay Ronald Imanuel Ottay Rumangu, Chrisa P. Sensea R. Rambitan Sompie, Intan P.R. Tiara C. Pradani Trina Tallei Widdhi Bodhi Widdhi Bodhi widdhi Bodhi Widdhi Bodhi Winston Pontoh