Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

p-Index From 2021 - 2026

2.024

P-Index

This Author published in this journals

All Journal JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Jurnal Teknik Mesin Elkawnie Jurnal Litbang Industri Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Industri ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurnal Mandala Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurnal Litbang Industri Smart City Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN

- Darmadi

Department Of Chemical Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia

Author-ID : 249855

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences

Published : 26 Documents Claim Missing Document

Claim Missing Document

Articles

1 2 3

Optimasi Proses Pembuatan Karbon Aktif dari Ampas Bubuk Kopi Menggunakan Aktivator ZnCl2 Rasdiansyah Rasdiansyah; Darmadi Darmadi; Muhammad Dani Supardan
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pertanian Indonesia Vol 6, No 3 (2014): Vol.(6) No.3, October 2014
Publisher : Agricultural Faculty

Activated carbon can be manufactured from a variety source materials containing element carbon. Dregs of coffee grounds is one of abundant and promising activated carbon raw materials. This study was conducted to assess optimization process of activated carbon production from dregs of coffee grounds by using ZnCl2 as an activator. The optimization process is performed by using Response Surface Method to optimize factors that affected quality of the activated carbon using Box-Behnken design. The factors used were carbonation temperature (T) with a level of 400 oC, 500 oC and 600 °C; concentration of ZnCl2 (K) with a level of 30%, 40%, 50%; and mass ratio of ZnCl2 to activated carbon with level of 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. A second order regression model of iodine absorption of activated carbon was Y = 626,2 - 36,5T + 28,6K - 36,5R + 31,2T2 + 47,1K2 - 0,5R2 - 19,0TK + 15,9TR + 101,5KR. Results of optimization process showed that optimum iodine absorption of 799.659 mg/g was obtained at the following conditions, i.e. carbonation temperature of 400 oC, ZnCl2 concentration of 30% and mass ratio of ZnCl2 to activated carbon of 2:1.

Study of Synthesis and Performance of Clay and Clay-Manganese Monoliths for Mercury Ion Removal from Water Aula Chairunnisak; Darmadi Darmadi; Adisalamun Adisalamun; Mukramah Yusuf; Syawaliah Mukhtar; Ulfa Rijal Safitri; Opie Azza Shafira
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 26, No 4 (2023): Volume 26 Issue 4 Year 2023
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.26.4.133-142

The pollution caused by mercury (Hg) is a matter of concern regarding worldwide ecosystems and public health. It is dangerous as it is highly poisonous and has more ways to get exposed than other heavy metal ions. Recently, the application of biomaterials with varying structures and designs for mercury adsorption has grown. In this research, clay monoliths (CM) and clay-manganese monoliths (CMM) were synthesized, investigated, and compared regarding their ability to adsorb mercury ions from water to determine the most effective adsorbents. CM and CMM were extruded through a stainless-steel molder with dimensions of 7 holes, 9 mm in radius, and 20 mm in height. The surface morphologies of both adsorbents were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of contact time (40, 80, 120, 160, 200, and 240 minutes) and initial concentrations (3–5 mg/L) were applied to evaluate both adsorption processes. The experiment was conducted in a batch reactor using a monolithic adsorbent that operated for 240 minutes. The experimental equilibrium data of the adsorption were examined with Langmuir and Freundlich models to find the best-fit isotherm. In the kinetic study, the pseudo-first-order was investigated in both linear and nonlinear models. The adsorption results showed that CMM had the highest adsorption efficiency (42.7%). The equilibrium study concluded that the Langmuir was the most significant isotherm model. The highest monolayer capacity and Langmuir constants (KL and aL) were 0.396, 1.329, and 0.396, respectively. The adsorption of both adsorbents was well displayed in the pseudo-first-order non-linear model. Experiments and processed data compromise the finding that CMM is more effective than CM at adsorbing mercury ions.

Production of Triacetin by Microwave Assisted Esterification of Glycerol Using Activated Natural Zeolite Marwan Marwan; Eti Indarti; Darmadi Darmadi; Wahyu Rinaldi; Dzikri Hamzah; Taufik Rinaldi
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2019: BCREC Volume 14 Issue 3 Year 2019 (December 2019)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.14.3.4250.672-677

Triacetin, an alternative biodiesel additive, was prepared by esterification of glycerol with acetic acid in the presence of chemically activated natural zeolite. The esterification was carried out in a small reaction flask under microwave irradiation. The catalyst was characterized for its morphology by SEM and its chemical composition by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrograph indicates improved surface area of the zeolite, while the XRD analysis shows an increase in Si/Al ratio from natural zeolite to 6.042 and its crystallinity value of 12.23%. The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) analysis obtained showed that microwave-heated samples have an esters group spectrum of triacetin at 1702 cm-1. The conversion value of glycerol was more than 95% at molar ratio of the reactants 1:9 and catalyst loading of 3%. The selectivities for monoacetin, diacetin and triacetin were 80.1%, 15.4%, and 4.5% at 60 minutes, and 43.0%, 48.6%, and 8.3% at 90 minutes. It shows that the conversion took place in consecutive steps and the use of microwave allows the reaction proceeding at milder condition.

Removal of Lead Ion (Pb2+) in Water Using Modified Clay-Carbon-Manganese Monolith: Characterization and Adsorption Studies Hafni Putri Indriani Indra; Darmadi Darmadi; Adisalamun Adisalamun; Aula Chairunnisak; Nasrullah RCL
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 9, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v9i2.16976

Abstract: In recent years, the presence of heavy metals in water has been a concern, and some purification processes have been developed to overcome these problems. This study aims to conduct and investigate the performance of the 3 modifications of adsorbents namely clay-carbon, clay-carbon manganese monolith 2% and clay-carbon manganese monolith 5% in adsorbing Pb2+ ions in water. The surfaces and elemental compositions of the two adsorbents were investigated by a scanning electron microscope and Fourier infrared transform. The variables evaluated in analyzing the adsorption efficiencies were the effect of contact time (0, 150, 180, 210, and 240 minutes), MnO2 doses in monolith (2 and 5% weight) and initial Pb2+ ion concentrations (2 and 4 mg/L). The adsorption behaviour in the equilibrium stage was observed through the isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)) and kinetics study (pseudo-first and pseudo-second order linear-non linear models). The impregnation of manganese into the adsorbent showed significant results in adsorption. The maximum adsorption efficiency was 92.92% in a Pb2+ solution of 4 mg/L utilizing clay-carbon-manganese monolith at a contact time of 240 minutes. Meanwhile, the clay-carbon monolith efficiency was 50.59%. Thus, the modification biomass material with the impregnation of metal such as clay-carbon-manganese monolith can be used as a potent, reusable, and durable adsorbent in removing metal ions in water and wastewater.Abstrak: Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, keberadaan logam berat dalam air masih menjadi perhatian dan beberapa proses pemurnian dikembangkan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Adsorpsi adalah proses yang efisien dan murah untuk mengolah air yang mengandung logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan dan menyelidiki kinerja monolit tanah liat-karbon dan tanah liat-karbon mangan dalam mengadsorpsi ion Pb2+ dalam air. Permukaan dan komposisi unsur dari dua adsorben diselidiki dengan mikroskop elektron dan transformasi inframerah fourier. Variabel yang dinilai dalam analisis efisiensi adsorpsi adalah pengaruh waktu kontak (0, 150, 180, 210 dan 240 menit), dosis MnO2 dalam monolit (2 dan 5% berat) dan konsentrasi ion Pb2+ awal (2 dan 4 mg/L). ). Perilaku adsorpsi pada tahap kesetimbangan diamati melalui isoterm (Freundlich, Langmuir dan Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)) dan studi kinetika (model linier-non linier orde satu semu dan semu dua). Impregnasi mangan ke dalam adsorben menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dalam adsorpsi. Efisiensi adsorpsi ion Pb2+ tertinggi diperoleh 92,92% pada konsentrasi larutan 4 mg/L dengan penggunaan monolit lempung-karbon-mangan pada waktu kontak 240 menit. Sedangkan efisiensi clay-carbon monolit sebesar 50,59%. Perilaku adsorpsi ion Pb2+ baik pada karbon lempung maupun monolit karbon-lempung-mangan paling sesuai dengan model orde satu non linier dan isoterm Langmuir, dimana adsorpsi terjadi pada permukaan adsorben monolayer. Dengan demikian, bahan biomassa modifikasi dengan impregnasi logam seperti monolit tanah liat-karbon-mangan dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben yang kuat, dapat digunakan kembali, dan tahan lama dalam menghilangkan ion logam dalam air dan air limbah.

Bentonite and Magnetite Filler-Modified Polyurethane Foam in Fixed Bed Column for the Adsorption of Mercury(II) Ions from Aqueous Solution Sarah, Siti; Adisalamun, Adisalamun; Darmadi, Darmadi; Kamaruzzaman, Suraiya; Muslim*, Abrar; Saiful, Saiful
Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology Vol 10, No 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Graduate School of Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/aijst.10.1.18890

This paper proposed adsorbent development by synthesizing polyurethane foam (PUF) using a simple method, mixing polyol with isocyanate and adding fillers of bentonite and magnetite to the PUF matrix. The study's main objective was to produce a PUF-based adsorbent with high reactivity to removeHg2+ in wastewater. This bentonite and magnetite filler-modified polyurethane foam (BMPUF) adsorbent was fixed in a bed column for the adsorption of mercury (II) ions from an aqueous solution. The effect of initial Hg2+ concentration on the removal rate and the effect of contact time on adsorption efficiency was investigated. Langmuir, Freundlich, and BET non-linear models were taken into account to determine the best adsorption isotherm fitting and obtain adsorption capacity, intensity, and pore volume. As a result, it followed the non-linear Freundlich model, and the average adsorption capacity and intensity were 0.466 mg/g and 0.923, respectively. The average BET-based pore volume obtained was 0.782 L/mg. The kinetics study showed that the non-linear pseudo-first-order kinetics model was more suitable for describing the Hg2+ adsorption kinetics. The maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity was 1.770 mg/g with the adsorption rate of 0.0013 min-1 based on the non-linear model. The effect of varying bentonite and magnetite ratio on adsorption isotherm and kinetics was also investigated. Overall, the potential application of BMPUF adsorbent in the adsorption of mercury (II) ions was demonstrated in the current study.

Candlenut Shell and Clay-Derived Monoliths with Molasses Binder: A Sustainable Approach to Water Dye Decontamination Farid Nanda; Darmadi Darmadi; Muhammad Zaki; Adisalamun Adisalamun; Aula Chairunnisak
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 2 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.2.88-97

This study presents a sustainable approach to water dye decontamination using monoliths constructed from candlenut shells, clay, and molasses as a binder. The candlenut shells were activated to form carbon and then mixed with natural clay and molasses to create the monolith composite. The dough was pushed through a stainless-steel mold featuring seven circular openings, each measuring 2 cm in width and 2 cm in thickness, to create the monoliths (MCC and MMCC). The monoliths were rigorously tested for adsorption efficiency, isotherm behavior, and kinetic properties. Results showed a high dye removal efficiency, with 92% for methylene blue and 74% for methyl orange, which was attributed to the stronger interaction of methylene blue with the negatively charged surface of the monoliths. The isotherm analysis followed the Langmuir model, indicating monolayer adsorption on uniform active sites. Kinetic studies using linear regression analysis aligned with the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the controlling factor in the rate. Characterization of the monoliths using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a porous surface morphology, while X-ray Diffraction (XRD) identified the crystalline structures present. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of functional groups essential for dye adsorption, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis determined the specific surface area and pore size distribution. In conclusion, this study underscores the viability of using candlenut shell and clay-derived monoliths as efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbents for wastewater treatment, providing a practical solution to dye pollution.

Adsorption of Mercury (II) Ions from Water Using Carbon-Based Monolith with Manganese Oxide Filler Kusuma, Debby Widya; Mahidin, Mahidin; darmadi, darmadi
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 17, No 2 (2022): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (December, 2022)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v17i2.27747

Mercury is harmful to humans and the ecological environment. The adsorption process is known as an effective method for removing heavy metals. This research is devoted to developing new adsorbents based on carbon materials to remove metal ions Hg(II) with carbon-based monolith adsorbents without and with manganese oxide fillers (KM and KMM). The results of adsorption efficiency, adsorption kinetics, and isotherm models were made in a batch system with varying concentrations of mercury solution from 2 mg/L to 6 mg/L with adsorbents without and with manganese oxide fillers (KM and KMM). The highest removal efficiency reached 96% on KMM and 47% on KM. The adsorption isotherm of Hg(II) ions corresponds to the Freundlich model, with intensity and volume constants obtained respectively 0.042 and 1.347 L/mg on KM adsorbents, while on KMM adsorbents the intensity and volume constants obtained are 0.291 and 2.079, respectively. L/mg. These results indicate that physical adsorption occurs more dominantly than chemical adsorption. The adsorption of Hg(II) ions was in accordance with the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetics, with the adsorption capacity and rate constant on the KM adsorbent obtained were 0.0505 mg/g and 0.0072 g/mg, while the adsorption capacity and rate constant for the KMM adsorbent were on KM adsorbents obtained were 0.0848 mg/g and 0.0239 g/mg.

Penyerapan Zat Warna Basic Red 18 dan Direct Black 38 dengan Menggunakan Sabut Pinang sebagai Adsorben Muhammad, Muhammad -; Muhammad Syam, Azhari -; Ibrahim, Ishak -; Nurfarida, Nurfarida -; Darmadi, Darmadi -
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 14, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (June, 2019)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v14i1.13526

AbstrakAdsorpsi zat warna basic red 18 dan direct black 38 dengan adsorben dari serat pinang telah diteliti. Morfologi dan gugus fungsi permukaan serat pinang dianalisa dengan Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) dan scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Penelitian ini fokus pada mekanisme adsorpsi dan pengaruh dosis adsorben. Koefisien korelasi (R2) dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi linier. Mekanisme adsorpsi dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua model isoterm, yaitu isoterm Langmuir dan Freundlich. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa model Freundlich adalah yang paling sesuai diaplikasikan untuk adsorpsi zat warna basic red 18 dan direct black 38. Karena model Freundlich mampu menginterpretasikan proses adsorpsi zat warna basic red 18 dan direct black 38 dengan baik, maka sistem adsorpsi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah heterogen. Kapasitas adsorpsi untuk basic red 18 pada berbagai berat adsorben (seperti: 1, 2, dan 3 g) menggunakan model Freundlich adalah 0,234 L/g; 0,101 L/g dan 0,093 L/g. Sementara kapasitas untuk direct black 38 adalah 0,360 L/g; 0,374 L/g dan 0,141 L/g.

Transesterifikasi Minyak Biji Buta-Buta menjadi Biodiesel pada Katalis Heterogen Kalsium Oksida (CaO) Zaki, Muhammad; Husin, M.T., Husni; Alam, Pocut Nurul; Darmadi, Darmadi; Rosnelly, Cut Meurah; Nurhazanah, Nurhazanah
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 14, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan (June, 2019)
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v14i1.13495

Penelitian ini menggunakan katalis padat CaO untuk reaksi transesterifikasi minyak biji buta-buta menjadi biodiesel. Minyak biji buta-buta diekstraksi menggunakan alat press. Katalis CaO disiapkan dari cangkang kerang dengan cara dipijar pada suhu 850 oC. Sampel katalis dikarakterisasi dengan metode scanning electron microscopy (SEM) dan x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Katalis cangkang kerang memiliki ukuran partikel antara 200-2000 nm. Hal ini karena pemanasan cangkang pada 850 oC menyebabkan terjadi aglomerasi. Dari rekaman XRD teridentifikasi bahwa katalis didominasi oleh senyawa CaO dan terdapat sedikit CaCO3. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilangsungkan dalam reaktor batch dengan variasi suhu (55 oC, 60 oC, 65oC, dan 70oC), rasio metanol terhadap minyak: 3:1, 6:1, 9:1, 12:1, dan 15:1. Reaksi dilangsungkan selama 3 jam dan katalis didispersi 6 % berat dari minyak. Perolehan metil ester maksimum dicapai 96,7% pada kondisi reaksi, yaitu: molar metanol:minyak 12:1 dan suhu reaksi 65 oC. Karakteristik biodiesel hasil penelitian ini memenuhi sifat-sifat bahan bakar berkualitas tinggi sesuai dengan standar SNI dan ASTM. Proses transesterifikasi minyak biji buta-buta dan metanol menggunakan CaO sebagai katalis basa heterogen layak diaplikasikan secara komersial untuk produksi biodiesel dalam skala industri.

Aplikasi Metode Advance Oxidation Process (AOP) Fenton pada Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Yulia, Ruka; Meilina, Hesti; Adisalamun, Adisalamun; Darmadi, Darmadi
Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23955/rkl.v11i1.4098

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan proses Fenton dalam menurunkan kadar chemical oxygen demand (COD) dan kadar total suspended solid (TSS) dari limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) dan menentukan kondisi optimum dari parameter yang digunakan dengan Response Surface Methodology menurut Box- Behnken design. Sampel diambil pada keluaran pertama kolam anaerobik ketiga dari instalasi pengolahan limbah cair kelapa sawit yang mengandung nilai COD berkisar antara 8.000 hingga 12.000 ppm. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan pengujian pada berbagai pH, konsentrasi FeSO4.7H2O dan konsentrasi hidrogen peroksida. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan proses AOP dengan metode Fenton dapat menurunkan konsentrasi COD dan TSS masing-masing adalah 70,7704% dan 88,3897% pada konsentrasi FeSO4.7H2O 3703,52 ppm, konsentrasi H2O2 5586,43 ppm, dan pH 3.

Co-Authors - Jalaluddin Abrar Muslim Adisalamun Adisalamun Adisalamun Adisalamun Adisalamun Adisalamun Adisalamun Adisalamun Adisalamun Adisalamun Anwar Thaib Anwar Thaib Asri Gani Aula Chairunnisak Aula Chairunnisak Aula Chairunnisak Aula Chairunnisak Azhari Azhari Bastian Arifin Chuah T.G Cut Meurah Rosnelly Dahnilsyah, Dahnilsyah Debby Widya Kusuma Dzikri Hamzah Eti Indarti Farid Nanda Gontar Alamsyah Siregar Hafni Putri Indriani Indra Hery Widijanto Hesti Meilina Hesti Meilina Hisbullah Hisbullah Hizir Hizir Husni Husin Husni Husin, M.T. Ibrahim, Ishak - Ishak Ishak Kamaruzzaman, Suraiya Kusuma, Debby Widya Kusuma, Laila Laila Kusuma Leonardo Basa Dairi M, Iqhramullah M, Irfan M. Yogi Riyantama Isjoni Mahidin Mahidin Mahidin Mahidin Marwan Marwan Medyan Riza Mirna Lubis Mirna Rahmah Lubis Mitri Irianti Muhammad - Muhammad Muhammad Dani Supardan Muhammad Syam, Azhari - Muhammad Zaki Muhammad Zaki Muhammad Zaki Muhammad, Muhammad - Mukramah Yusuf Muslim*, Abrar Nahry Nahry Nasrullah RCL Nurfarida - Nurfarida Nurfarida, Nurfarida - Nurhazanah Nurhazanah Nurhazanah, Nurhazanah Opie Azza Shafira Pocut Nurul Alam Rasdiansyah Rasdiansyah Rivalino, Ricky Robiah Yunus Robiah Yunus Robiah Yunus Ruka Yulia Saiful Saiful Saiful Saiful Siti Sarah Siti Sarah, Siti Suraiya Kamaruzzaman Sutanto Soehodho Syawaliah Mukhtar T. G. Chuah T. G. Chuah Taufik Rinaldi Taufiq Y.H. Yap Taufiq Y.H. Yap Thomas S.Y Choong Thomas S.Y. Choong Thomas S.Y. Choong Ulfa Rijal Safitri Vera Roni Setiawan Vera Roni Setiawan Wahyu Rinaldi Y.H. Taufiq Yap Yulia, Ruka Yustina Yustina

Title

Found 26 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 26 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 26 Documents
Search