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APLIKASI SPRAY DRYER UNTUK PENGERINGAN LARUTAN GARAM AMONIUM PERKLORAT SEBAGAI BAHAN PROPELAN Cynthia Anggi Maulina; Ahdayani Rosarrah; Mohammad Djaeni
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Ammonium perchlorate ( AP ) is an  inorganic oxidizer that is widely used as a component of rocket propellants. In this research, spray drying was used to produce crystalline AP from  its saturated solution. A method of spray dryer is viscous liquid or paste contacted with thot air co-currently. Fluid is passed at a nozzle and came out into the form of fine granules ( droplet . Drying method was conducted to run4 variables change, such as the inlet temperature (80, 90, 100, 110, 120oC), flow rate air dryer (9,1 and 16.3 m/s), the material flow rate (5.5 and 5.8 ml/s) and material concentration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25% salt). The drying process lasts for 13 minutes and divided into 3 minutes of time spraying and 10 minutes for residence time in a spray dryer column.At a temperature of80° C, the concentration of20%, materialflow rateof 5.5ml/sand aair flow rate of9.1m /sobtainedsaltparticlediameterof67.144µmthen calculatesimilarityusingWebernumber, obtainedAPdiameter of42.79µm.While ata temperature of 100° C, the concentration of20%, with asame material and air flow rate,obtaineddriedsaltparticle diameterof23.433µm.Afterwards,similaritycalculationusing theWebernumberobtainedAPdiameter13.877µm. It can be seenthatthe result ofAPdiametersmaller than thediameter of theparticlesinLAPAN (National Aeronautics and Space Institute), rangedbetween100-170µm. We can conclude that the higher concentration of salt solution, then the diameter of products are also getting bigger. The higher temperature then the diameter of products are getting smaller. Calculation of similarity both ammonium perchlorate and salt with the weber number has the same graph trends.
PROSES PENGERINGAN JAMUR LINGZHI (GANODERMA LUCIDIUM) MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA UDARA YANG DIDEHUMIDIFKASI OLEH ZEOLIT ALAM M. Ikhwan Shofarudin; Tri Nugroho; M. Djaeni
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Drying is process that establish the quality of Lingzhi mushrom and then it will influence the price of mushrom. Dryng process which did by farmer of lingshi mushrom use the light of sun which have some weakness, drying time reached 5 days, dependence on season, bigger space need to drying, and operational cost that reach 3 times more expensive in rainy season. The goals of this research are to dry lingzhi mushrom in tray dryer using natural zeolite to make drying process faster, to obtain the effect of operation condition to drying process, and to obtain the effect of operation condition to lingzhi mushrom quality. the condition operation in this research are air temperatures ( 40, 50, 60C), air velocity (6, 8, 10 m/s), and the use of natural zeolite. this research are done by drying lingzhi mushrom in tray dryer during 15 hours until the obtaine the certain moisture content. The result of this research are as follow: at air velocity 8 m/s Nc 400C = 0.0268, Nc 500C = 0.0295, Nc 600C = 0.0297. at temperature 600C obtained Nc at velocity 6 m/s, Nc = 0.0291, at velocity 8 m/s, Nc = 0.0297, and at velocity 10 m/s, Nc = 0.0315, whereas at air velocity 8 m/s with temperature 600C Non zeolite variable Nc = 0.0256, where using of zeolite, Nc = 0.0297. From these data, we can conclude that as the air temperature and air velocity increase, the drying rate will increase therefore drying process takes shorter time. Using of zeolite on drying process make it faster, The best quality of dry lingzhi mushrome with maximum moisture content 12-14% is obtained when using zeolite at air velocity 8 m/s, air temperature 600C also at air velocity 10 m/s at temperature 400C, 500C, and 600C.
PENGGUNAAN ZEOLITE SINTETIS DALAM PENGERINGAN GABAH DENGAN PROSES FLUIDISASI INDIRECT CONTACT Affian Widjanarko; R. Ridwan; M. Djaeni; R. Ratnawati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Drying grain commonly used in Indonesia is drying by using sunlight. Drying is still constrained by the type of season. The research objective to accelerate the use of zeolite grain drying process, determine the relationship inlet air temperature dryer drying rate, and determine the relationship of the inlet air flow rate of air at the rate of drying. The operating conditions in this experiment is the drying air temperature ((30oC; 40oC; 50oC and 60oC),  drying air flow rate (1 m / s; 1.5 m / s, 2 m / s and 2.5 m / s) and zeolite 1 kg. The research was carried out by flowing dry air at specific operating conditions and then brought into contact with the grain in the fluidized bed to obtain the water content of 12-14%. The results obtained indicate the temperature of 30oC, Nc = 0.0082, while the temperature of 60oC, Nc = 0.0138. In the air flow rate of 1 m / s, Nc = 0.0094 while the air flow rate of 2.5 m / s, Nc = 0.0118. From this data it can be concluded that the higher the temperature and the rate of air dryer, the drying rate wil be faster.
PENGARUH KONDISI OPERASI PADA PROSES PENGERINGAN KARAGENAN DENGAN FOAM Verona Amelia; Bery Kristanti; Moh. Djaeni
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Foam mat drying is an option to speed up the drying process to maintain quality carrageenan. In this case, carrageenan mixed with egg white (albumin) as a foaming agent and methyl cellulose as a foam stabilizer. Carrageenan gel foam will break and create a porous structure so that a higher surface area for moisture transfer. Drying is carried out at various compositions (comparison agent and foam stabilizer), the air temperature and the thickness of the foam. Decrease in water content determined during the drying period. The results showed that the egg whites be stabilized with methyl cellulose can accelerate the rate of drying and drying time of carrageenan. Result show that at 80oC operating temperature and thickness of 2 mm carrageenan in the presence of egg whites 20% and 10% methyl cellulose, moisture diffusion and drying rate can be twiced compared with carrageenan drying without foam.
PENGGUNAAN ZEOLITE SINTETIS DALAM PENGERINGAN GABAH DENGAN PROSES FLUIDISASI INDIRECT CONTACT Affian Widjanarko; R Ridwan; M. Djaeni; R Ratnawati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Grain drying process being one of the constraints experienced by grain farmers in Indonesia. This is because the farmers still rely on the sun to dry their grain crops. Meanwhile, the drying is still constrained by the type of season. Drying by fluidization processes using zeolite considered an alternative to grain drying process. The purpose of this research, make use of zeolite to accelerate the drying of grain, determine the relation of drying air temperature with drying rate and determine the relation of air flow rate into the dryer with drying rate. The operating conditions in this experiment is the drying air temperature 30oC; 40°C; 50oC and 60oC), drying air flow rate (1 m/s; 1,5 m/s; 2 m/s and 2,5 m/s) and 1 kg of zeolite. The research was conducted by flowing dry air at a specific operating conditions and then contacted with the grain in the fluidized bed to obtain the water content of 12-14%. The results obtained indicate the temperature of 30oC, Nc = 0,0082, while the temperature of 60°C, Nc = 0,0138. In the air flow rate of 1 m/s, Nc = 0,0094 while the air flow rate of 2,5 m/s, Nc = 0,0118. From this data it can be concludedthatthe higher the temperature and the rate of the air dryer, the drying rate will be faster, so as to make the drying process faster.
Corn Drying with Zeolite in The Fluidized Bed Dryer under Medium Temperature Mohamad Djaeni; Nurul Aishah Aishah; Harum Nissaulfasha; Luqman Buchori
IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Vol 24, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : IPTEK, LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20882033.v24i2.182

Abstract

Drying is an important step to find high quality of corn. Based on Standard of National Industry, populer as SNI, number 01-3920-1995, the corn was well stored at moisture content 14% or below (wet basis). However, conventional corn drying dealed with in-efficient energy process and corn quality degradation. This research evaluated the performance of corn drying assisted by zeolite as moisture adsorbent. In this process, the zeolite and corn were placed in the dryer fluidized by warm air as drying medium under 40 - 50oC. The air evaporated water product from corn, and at same time the zeolite adsorbed moisture in air. So, the relative humidity of air in dryer can be kept low in which enhanced the driving force for drying. Beside that, the moisture adsoprtion by zeolite was exothermic process that can supply the energy for drying or keep the dryer temperature. Thus, the drying rate can be faster. This work foccussed to observe the effect of drying temperature, air velocity, and corn to zeolite ratio on drying time as well as corn quality. As indicators, the drying rate was estimated and the proxymates content such as protein, fat, and carbohydrate content were analyzed. The results showed that compared with conventional fluidised bed dryer, corn drying with zeolite, can speed up drying time as well as improving the constant of drying rate. In addition, the corn proximate nutrition content can be well retained. At operating temperature 40oC, air velocity 9 m.s-1, and zeolite to corn ratio 1:2, the drying time can be 60 minutes shorter compared to that without zeolite.
Produksi Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Menggunakan Pengering Berkelembaban Rendah Febiani Dwi Utari; Sumirat Sumirat; Muhammad Djaeni
Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Vol 6, No 3 (2017): Agustus 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Food Technologists

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (371.597 KB) | DOI: 10.17728/jatp.241

Abstract

Kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L) mengandung komponen aktif Brazilein yang termasuk dalam senyawa flavonoid. Senyawa flavonoid memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan, yakni meredam atau menghambat pembentukan radikal bebas hidroksil, anion superoksida, radikal peroksil, radikal alkoksil, singlet oksigen, dan hidrogen peroksida. Komponen aktif Brazielin dari kayu secang dapat diambil dengan menggunakan teknik ekstraksi. Senyawa brazilein dalam bentuk larutan mudah teroksidasi dan terdegradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh variasi carrier agent terhadap kecepatan pengeringan ekstrak kayu secang. Larutan ekstrak kayu secang dicampur dengan 5% carrier agent (maltodekstrin atau gum arab). Campuran ini dikeringkan dengan variasi suhu antara 50 - 90°C. Sebagai hasil, kadar air pada ekstrak kayu secang diamati secara gravimetric setiap 15 menit selama  90 menit. Pembandingan dilakukan dengan melakukan proses pengeringan tanpa carrier agent. Pengeringan menggunakan carrier agent menyebabkan waktu pengeringan 7 kali lebih cepat daripada tanpa menggunakan carrier agent. Berdasarkan analisa 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH), serbuk hasil pengeringan memiliki nilai IC50 antara 16-18 ppm dan termasuk dalam antioksidan sangat kuat. Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) contains the Brazilein active component belonging to the flavonoid compound. Flavonoid compounds have the ability as an antioxidant, which reduces or inhibits the formation of free radicals hydroxyl, superoxide anion, peroxyl radicals, alcoxyl radicals, singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Brazilein’s active compound from sappan wood can be taken by using the extraction technique. The brazilein compounds in solution form are easily oxidized and degraded. This study aims to study the effect of variation of carrier agent on drying speed of sappan wood extract. Solution of sappan wood extract was mixed with 5% carrier agent (maltodextrin or gum arab). This mixture was dried with temperature variation between 50 to 90°C. As a result, the water content of the secang wood extract was gravimetrically observed every 15 minutes for 90 minutes. Benchmarking was done by drying process without carrier agent. Drying using a carrier agent causes the drying time to be 7 times faster than without the carrier agent. Based on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) analysis, the drying powder has an IC50 value between 16 and 18 ppm and its subjected as a very strong antioxidants level.
Ekstraksi Antosianin dari Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Berbantu Ultrasonik: Tinjauan Aktivitas Antioksidan Muhammad Djaeni; Nita Ariani; Rahmat Hidayat; Febiani Utari
Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan Vol 6, No 3 (2017): Agustus 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Food Technologists

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (370.668 KB) | DOI: 10.17728/jatp.236

Abstract

Bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) mengandung antosianin yang dapat digunakan sebagai pewarna alami dan sekaligus sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan merupakan molekul yang dapat bereaksi dengan radikal bebas dan berfungsi menetralkan radikal bebas. Metode terdahulu dalam mengekstrak bunga rosella adalah menggunakan metode maserasi atau soxhlet, metode ini memiliki beberapa kelemahan di antaranya waktu operasi lama, suhu tinggi yang mampu mendegradasi senyawa antosianin dan hasil ekstrak yang kurang stabil sehingga diperlukan metode yang lebih efisien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh variasi rasio bahan : pelarut dan waktu ekstraksi terhadap kadar antosianin dari bunga rosella berbantu ultrasonik, serta mengkaji aktivitas antioksidan yang terdapat pada bunga rosella menggunakan DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-prikrilhidrazil). Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui dua tahapan. Tahap pertama adalah ekstraksi antosianin dengan metode ekstraksi berbantu ultrasonik menggunakan pelarut air. Sedangkan tahap kedua adalah uji aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak bunga rosella yang mengandung antosianin menggunakan larutan DPPH. Hasil ekstraksi antosianin dinyatakan dalam mg/gr sampel dan hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan dinyatakan dalam % inhibisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah pelarut dan lamanya waktu ekstraksi sangat mempengaruhi hasil ekstrak antosianin yang diperoleh, dari variabel rasio bahan : pelarut 1:7 hingga 1:13 menunjukkan semakin banyak jumlah pelarut yang digunakan semakin tinggi pula ekstrak yang didapatkan dan dari variabel waktu 30 menit hingga 60 menit menunjukkan semakin lama waktu ekstraksi semakin banyak ekstrak antosianin yang diperoleh. Hasil terbanyak yang diperoleh yaitu pada rasio bahan : pelarut 1:13 dengan lama waktu ekstraksi 60 menit sebesar 115,353 mg/100gr. Yield terbesar diperoleh pada variable yang sama sebesar 44,856%. Senyawa yang terkandung pada bunga rosella merupakan antioksidan kuat (nilai IC50 berkisar antara 50-100ppm). 
PENINGKATAN KECEPATAN PENGERINGAN GABAH MENGGUNAKAN VERTICAL SCREW CONVEYOR DRYER Mohamad Djaeni; Cindi Yasintasia; Maharani Ratridewi; Ratnawati Ratnawati; Andri Cahyo Kumoro
Jurnal Pasopati : Pengabdian Masyarakat dan Inovasi Pengembangan Teknologi Vol 3, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Diponegoro

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Abstract

Ketersediaan beras yang cukup, merata dan berkualitas tinggi sangat penting bagi stabilitas ketahanan dan keamanan nasional. Beras tidak diproduksi sepanjang tahun, tetapi hanya 2 sampai 3 kali panen dalam satu tahun. Oleh karena itu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sepanjang tahun, komoditas pertanian ini harus disimpan kering (kadar air 12 – 14%), baik dalam bentuk gabah maupun beras. Proses pengeringan gabah dengan screw conveyor dilengkapi sistem dehumidifikasi udara dengan  zeolite berbahan bakar biogas menjadi suatu pilihan untuk pengeringan gabah. Udara berkadar air rendah ini meningkatkan driving force pengeringan, sehingga proses menjadi cepat, dan efisien. Selain itu, suhu udara rendah ini, sangat tepat untuk gabah yang sensitive terhadap panas, sehingga kerusakan tekstur dan nutrisi dapat dihindari.Rancangbangun demonstrasi unit pengeringan gabah dengan screw conveyor dryer telah dilakukan dengan kapasitas terpasang 500 kg per batch. Unit pengeringan ini difabrikasi atas kerjasama Universitas Diponegoro, PT Muatiara Global Industri (Bogor), dan CV Raja Pengering (Surabaya). Alat ini menggunakan bahan bakar yang fleksibel karena dirancang dengan model knock down dengan sumber pemanas udara. Burner berbahan bakar LPG atau pun biogas bisa diganti dengan furnace berbahan bakar sekam untuk memanasi udara sebagai media pengering. Uji coba telah dilakukan pada laju 10% dari kapasitas idealnya, dengan variasi berbagai temperature. Hasil menunjukkan alat tersebut dapat meningkatkan kualitas gabah kering giling dan mempercepat proses pengeringan menjadi 90 menit dengan prosentase beras utuh saat penggilingan di atas 50%. Peningkatan efisiensi panas, dan pengggunaan bahan bakar yang lebih murah seperti biogas atau sekam sangat diperlukan agar dapat menekan biaya produksi.
PERKIRAAN BIAYA MODAL SPESIFIK ATAS PABRIK MULTI EFEK DISTILASI Lisna Krisan Wibowo; Raka Dimas Saputra; Suci Dhiya Mayra Suherman; Ainiyyah Fatin; Kristin Valentina Sinabutar; Mohammad Djaeni; Dessy Agustina Sari
Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Vol 7, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/inteka.v7i2.6899

Abstract

Salah satu macam teknologi desalinasi yang umum digunakan adalah Mulfi Efek Distilasi (MED). Pilihan ini merupakan tipe yang tepat untuk mengubah air laut menjadi air konsumsi. Biaya produksi air dan membutuhkan suhu yang rendah mampu memberikan peluang bagi penggunaan energi terbaharukan sebagai sumber panasnya. Namun, di masa lalu MED mengalami kegagalan persaingan dengan MSF – Multi Efek Flash. Kelemahannya berada di biaya modal (CapEx – Capital Expenditure). Hal ini menjadikan peluang adanya kebutuhan peninjauan ulang atas kekurangan tersebut. Korelasi antara biaya modal dan kapasitas pabrik menjadi salah satu metode umum mengkalkulasi biaya modal pabrik MED. Hasilnya untuk kapasitas pembangkit 10.000 - 16.000 m3/hari didapatkan biaya spesifik yang tidak pernah mencapai di bawah $2400 per m3/hari. Selain itu, biaya modal pabrik MED meningkat seiring bertambahnya jumlah efek pada luas permukaan perpindahan panas. Kemudian, usia  kelangsungan pabrik, tingkat salinitas air umpan, dan lokasi pendirian pabrik juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai korelasi lainnya dalam memperkirakan biaya modal pabrik MED.Kata kunci: air laut, desalinasi, multi efek distilasi, multi efek flash, pabrik distilasi.