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All Journal International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Jurnal Teknik ITS IPTEK The Journal of Engineering IPTEK Journal of Proceedings Series IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi Turbo : Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin JURNAL DINAMIKA VOKASIONAL TEKNIK MESIN Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Automotive Experiences Journal of Railway Transportation and Technology Sewagati International Journal of Renewable Energy Development
Bambang Sudarmanta
Departemen Teknik Mesin Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
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STUDI KARAKTERISTIK REAKTOR GASIFIKASI TYPE DOWNDRAFT SERBUK KAYU DENGAN VARIASI EQUIVALENSI RATIO Suliono Suliono; Bambang Sudarmanta; Felix Dionisius; Imam Maolana
Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 3, No 2 (2017): Jurnal Teknologi Terapan
Publisher : P3M Politeknik Negeri Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (869.098 KB) | DOI: 10.31884/jtt.v3i2.60

Abstract

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and natural gas makes people rethink to find alternative energy substitutes. Biomass is an alternative energy that is still abundant and has not been fully utilized. Gasification is one of alternative in gas making that change from solid fuel (wood powder) to thermochemical flammable gas. The research used downdraft gasification with experimental wood powder. The implementation of research was done in workshop of Indramayu State of Polytechnic, using batch system, it means once the import of biomass in the furnace from the beginning until the biomass out by 5 kg of wood powder biomass. Equivalence Ratio (ER) performed 4 variations namely: 1.01; 1.13; 1.34; 1.52. The recorded data are: temperature inside reactor, gasification operation time, air intake, syngas content, and flame visualization. The results obtained from the gasification process showed if the Equivalence Ratio (ER) is higher so the heating value of syngas decrease. LHV at ER 1.52 of 3980,306 Kj / m3 and the synthetis gas content decreased as much as 21,7806 %
Pengaruh Masukan Udara Bertingkat pada Proses Gasifikasi Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Distribusi Temperatur dan Kandungan Tar Abdul Gafur; Bambang Sudarmanta; Arif Rahman Saleh
Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin Vol. 6 No. 1 (2021): April
Publisher : Department of Mechanical Engineering Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/dinamika.v6i1.34288

Abstract

Indonesia memiliki banyak daun kelapa sawit yang berlimpah tetapi kurang dimanfaatkan. Mempertimbangkan pasokan yang besar dan konsisten, daun kelapa sawit dapat menjadi sumber energi biomassa yang menjanjikan melalui proses gasifikasi. Salah satu masalah yang paling menantang mengenai gasifikasi daun kelapa sawit adalah keberadaan tar. Tulisan ini menyajikan studi eksperimental gasifikasi biomassa pelepah kelapa sawit di reaktor downdraft dengan tahap pasokan udara bertingkat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen, dengan menggunakan variabel tetap berupa distribusi suhu dan kandungan tar, sedangkan variabel bebasnya berupa masukan udara/rasio udara (AR)  disetiap tingkatan oksidasi dan pirolisis. Bahan bakar dimasukkan melalui hopper hingga batas drying kemudian ID fan dinyalakan dan api juga mulai dinyalakan. Setelah tercapai kondisi stady state maka dimulai pengambilan data dengan memvariasikan masukan udara di pirolisis dan oksidasi, distribusi suhu diperoleh dari termokopel tipe K yang dipasang disetiap tingkatan dan kandungan tar diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode brandt. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh masukan udara bertingkat terhadap distribusi suhu disepanjang ketinggian reaktor menunjukkan peningkatan suhu yang signifikan yaitu suhu di zona pirolisis mencapai 590 0C yang juga berpengaruh pada peningkatan yang signifikan pada zona oksidasi sebesar 827 0C. Hasil yang sama juga diperlihatkan pada hasil kandungan tar yang diperoleh kandungan terendah sebesar 37,0 mg/m3. Hasil ini memperlihatkan kandungan tar turun ketika diberikan udara bertingkat pada zona pirolisis. Indonesia has abundant but underutilized oil palm fronds (OPF). Considering its ample and steady supply, OPF could be a promising source of biomass energy through gasification. One of the most challenging issues concerning the gasification of OPF is the presence of tar. This work presents an experimental study of wood biomass gasification in a moving bed downdraft reactor with two-air supply stages. The method used in this study was experimental, using temperature distribution and tar content as fixed variables and input air ratio (AR) at each level of oxidation and pyrolysis as independent variables. The fuel was fed through a hopper to the drying limit. An ID fan was then turned on, and the fire started simultaneously. Data collection was begun by varying the air intake in pyrolysis and oxidation after reaching the steady-state condition. The temperature distribution was obtained from type K thermocouple installed at each level, and the tar content was obtained using the Brandt method. The results showed that the effect of multistage air input on the temperature distribution along the reactor's height showed a significant increase in temperature. The pyrolysis zone temperature reached 590 °C, which affected a considerable temperature increase in the oxidation zone of 827 °C. The same results are also shown in the tar content results obtained by the lowest content of 37.0 mg/m3. These results show that the tar content decreases when given gradual air input in the pyrolysis zone.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Magnetization on Bioethanol Injectors on Spray Characteristics for Applications in the SINJAI-150 Engine Amalia Dwi Utami; Bambang Sudarmanta; Budi Utomo Kukuh Widodo; Ary Bachtiar Krisna Putra; Is Bunyamin Suryo
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v3i2.9389

Abstract

In general, the hydrocarbon molecules in the fuel perform vibrational activity towards the core and attract each other, forming clustering molecules. Induction of a magnetic field in the fuel flow can change the hydrocarbon molecules so that their arrangement becomes more regular (de-clustering). The induction of the magnetic field in this research utilized a coil that was fed by an output current from the SINJAI-150 engine alternator. Magnetic field placement was placed before Bioethanol E100 fuel entered the injector. Observation of the magnetization of the fuel was carried out molecularly with the FTIR (Fourier Transform-Infra Red Spectroscopy) test and observing the characteristics of the fuel spray at the injector output. The results obtained were an increase in the fuel transmittance of Bioethanol E100 up to 41.31% for C-H compounds, 48.8% for C-O compounds, and 114% for O-H compounds compared to standard conditions. In the spray characteristics, there was an increase in the spray angle up to 2 and a decrease in the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) to 1.312 mm, due to a decrease in the value of the fuel properties in the form of surface tension, viscosity, and density up to 2.6%, 10.28% and 10.15% from the standard state without magnetization. As a result of decreasing the density value, the mass flow rate of the fuel decreases to 10.28% from the standard conditions at 2,000 rpm.
Technical Study of the Performance of Liquid Sulfur Combustion in the Process of Sulfuric Acid Production Suwarmin Suwarmin; Bambang Sudarmanta; Nur Ikhwan
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v2i1.5171

Abstract

The production process of sulfuric acid is carried out in stages from combustion of liquid sulfur to SO$_2$, then to SO$_3$ and dissolving SO$_3$ in aqueous sulfuric acid solution to concentrated sulfuric acid (high concentration). The success of the production process is very dependent on the initial combustion process into SO$_2$, physical parameters on the liquid sulfur characteristics and the nozzle geometry. The process of burning liquid sulfur depends on the pattern of atomization in the geometry of the nozzle and its fluid characteristics. Liquid sulfur is included in non-newtonian fluids, so the atomization process requires an understanding of its characteristics. The atomization mechanism at the nozzle depends on 3 parameters including viscosity, surface tension and density. In non- Newtonian fluid 3 parameters are sensitive to changes in pressure and temperature. In terms of the geometry of the tip nozzle diameter, smaller diameter, the atomization process is better, but a decrease in temperature will cause clogging. Individual installation of temperature and pressure sensors for each nozzle is chosen so that the atomization of each nozzle can be controlled.
Experimental Study on Effect of Injection Pressure to Spray Characteristics, Performance and Emissions of DieselEngine DI 20 C Using Biodiesel Fuel Alham A.K. Mahanggi; Bambang Sudarmanta; Hary Soebagyo
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 2, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v2i1.5169

Abstract

Biodiesel as an alternative fuel can replace fossil fuels. However, biodiesel has a higher value of viscosity, density and surface tension to fossil fuels. Increasing the injection pressure on the injector is one solution to overcome the problem of high viscosity, density, and surface tension in biodiesel. This study aims to determine the effect of increasing injection pressure and injection timing variations on spray characteristics, performance and exhaust emissions diesel engine. Injection pressure namely 200, 210, 220, 230 kg/cm$^2$ by setting the rotation of adjusting screw the injector. The results of this study were obtained by increasing the pressure injection of biodiesel fuel by 230 kg/cm$^2$ resulting in fuel spray characteristics better than the standard 200 kg/cm$^2$ and resulting improvements in the penetration length, spray angle, the average diameter size of each 30$\%$, 28$\%$, and 9.78$\%$. And performance improvements and exhaust emissions also occur, namely Thermal Efficiency, Specific Fuel Consumption, and Smoke Opacity with values of 16.99$\%$, 14.15$\%$, and 46.39$\%$ improved respectively.
The Influence of Air Fuel Ratio on the Performances and Emissions of a SINJAI-150 Bioethanol Fueled Engines Ari Kurniawan; Bambang Sudarmanta; Dori Yuvenda
JMES The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 2, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v2i2.6396

Abstract

In the present work, the effect of variation of air-fuel ratio on performances and emissions SINJAI-150 engine with bioethanol was conducted. Variation of the air-fuel ratio is done by setting the mass flow rate of combustion air using a supercharger. Engine performance was measured using a water brake dynamometer with a variable speed standard from 2000 to 8000 rpm at a fully open throttle condition. The results indicate that the natural intake system produces a relatively rich air-fuel ratio, with an average lambda of 0.68, so that the resulting performance is not maximum. The addition of aspirated 1 and 2 combustion air with the results in the form of average lambda at intervals of 0.8 - 1.1. On the aspirated 2, thermal efficiency increase averaged 50.32%, specific fuel consumption decrease averaged 32.74% and CO and HC emissions reduction average of 7.43 % and 25.77%.
Effect of Adding Combustion Air on Emission in a Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine with Crude Palm Oil Biodiesel Compressed Natural Gas Fuels Dori Yuvenda; Bambang Sudarmanta; Arif Wahjudi; Rozy Aini Hirowati
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 11, No 3 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.2022.41275

Abstract

A diesel dual-fuel engine uses two fuels designed to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Generally, the specific fuel consumption of diesel dual-fuel engines has increased.  However, in   combination with alternative fuels, namely compressed natural gas injected through air intake, the use of diesel fuel can be reduced. However, using two fuels in a diesel dual-fuel engine increases the equivalent ratio; therefore, the air and fuel mixture becomes richer because the air entering the cylinder during the intake stroke is partially replaced by compressed natural gas. This results in incomplete combustion and increases exhaust emissions, particularly hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. This study aims to improve the combustion process in dual-fuel diesel engines by improving the air-fuel ratio; thus, it can approach the stoichiometric mixture by adding combustion air forcibly to produce complete combustion to reduce CO and HC emissions. An experimental approach using a single-cylinder diesel engine modified into a diesel dual-fuel engine powered by crude palm oil biodiesel and compressed natural gas was adopted. The combustion air was forcibly added to the cylinder using an electric supercharger at different air mass flow rates ranging from 0.007074 to 0.007836 kg/s and different engine loads (1000 to 4000 watts). The results indicated that adding more air to the cylinder could produce complete combustion, reducing the emission levels produced by a diesel dual-fuel engine. An air mass flow rate of 0.007836 kg/s can reduce CO, HC, and particulate matter emissions by averages of 60.55%, 49.63%, and 86.87%, respectively, from the standard diesel dual-fuel engine. Increasing in the amount of oxygen concentration improves the quality of the air-fuel ratio, which results in improved combustion and thereby reducing emissions.
Engine RPM and Battery SOC Activation Optimization in Hybrid Vehicle Energy Management System Utilizing BPNN - Genetic Algorithm and BPNN – Particle Swarm Optimization Rhema Adi Magiza Wicaksana; Bambang Sudarmanta; Mohammad Khoirul Effendi
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences Vol 6, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25807471.v6i2.12360

Abstract

The energy used in the hybrid vehicle needs to be regulated to gain further mileage and lower fuel consumption. It is achieved by selecting the correct levels of hybrid energy management system (EMS) parameters (i.e., vehicle speed, engine RPM, and activation State of Charge (SOC) of battery). This study focused on the modeling and optimization of Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS)’s series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) car mileage and fuel consumption by comparing the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method – genetic algorithm (GA) and BPNN – particle swarm optimization (PSO). The BPNN was used to model the character of ITS’s series PHEV EMS and predict mileage and fuel consumption. The BPNN’s model obtained the best EMS parameters, most extended mileage, and minimum fuel consumption. The result of the validation experiment showed that both the integration of BPNN - GA and BPNN - PSO were able to predict and optimize the multi-objective characteristic with the same results.
Combustion and Emission Characteristics of CNG-Diesel Dual Fuel Engine with Variation of Air Fuel Ratio Dori Yuvenda; Bambang Sudarmanta; Jamaludin Jamaludin; Oki Muraza; Randi Purnama Putra; Remon Lapisa; Krismadinata Krismadinata; Rahadian Zainul; Asnil Asnil; Muji Setiyo; Sri Rizki Putri Primandari
Automotive Experiences Vol 5 No 3 (2022)
Publisher : Automotive Laboratory of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang in collaboration with Association of Indonesian Vocational Educators (AIVE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.7807

Abstract

Compressed natural gas (CNG) is a popular alternative fuel because of its more environmentally friendly properties than fossil fuels , including applications in diesel engines. However, supplying too much compressed natural gas fuel causes poor engine performance and emissions due to a decrease in the air-fuel ratio on the dual-fuel engine. The addition of air using electric superchargers was done to return the air-fuel ratio to ideal conditions. Lambda value (λ) was variation under low load (1.52 to 2.71), medium load (1.18 to 2.17), and high load (0.94 to 2.17) on a CNG-diesel dual fuel engine. The addition of pure air in each load can increase combustion stability in certain lambda, which was indicated by an increase in thermal efficiency, heat release rate, and a decrease in ignition delay, combustion duration, hydrocarbon, and carbon monoxide emissions.
Performance and Combustion Process of a Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Operating with CNG-Palm Oil Biodiesel Ahmad Arbi Trihatmojo; Bambang Sudarmanta; Oki Muraza
Journal of Railway Transportation and Technology Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): March
Publisher : Politeknik Perkeretaapian Indonesia Madiun

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37367/jrtt.v2i1.22

Abstract

Efforts to build and develop a low-emission transportation system have been carried out, one of which is by applying biodiesel and gas to dual-fuel diesel engines. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, low-sulfur, and high flash point alternative diesel fuel. In the dual fuel mode, CNG is used as a substitute fuel and palm biodiesel as a combustion pilot which is injected directly into the combustion chamber at 13 °CA BTDC. CNG injection timing was 110 °CA ATDC and the CNG injection duration was gradually increased. Performance and combustion processes in single-fuel mode and dual-fuel mode are compared. The engine was kept at a constant speed of 2000 rpm at all load conditions. The results show that the dual fuel mode at low and medium loads produces in-cylinder pressure and the heat release rate is lower than the single fuel mode, but at high loads, it produces in-cylinder pressure and the heat release rate is 5.14% greater. CO and HC emissions produced by the dual fuel mode are higher than the single fuel mode at all loads. conversely, the dual-fuel mode produces 95.58% lower smoke emissions than the single-fuel mode at all loads.
Co-Authors Abdul Gafur Achmad Rizkal Achmad Syaifudi Ahmad Arbi Trihatmojo Ahmad Gurnito Ahmad Tarmizi Alham A.K. Mahanggi Amalia Dwi Utami Anas Nurgito Ari Kurniawan Arif Rahman Saleh Arif Wahjudi Ary Bachtiar Krisna Putra Asnil Asnil Atok Setiawan Atok Setiawan Atok Setiyawan Bambang Pramujati Bambang Pramujati Budi Utomo Kukuh Widodo Cholifatus Eka Rahayu Cholifatus Eka Rahayu Depi Rustam Ependi Deviana Dyah Vianita Dicky Yoko Exoryanto Djatmiko Ichsani Dori Yuvenda Dwijo Hartono Eka Setiawan Seputro Erio Daniel Damanik Erzeddin Alwi Felix Dionisius Firlana Baiturrochman Ghulam Asrofi Buntoro Hamzah Fansuri Hanapi Hasan Hendra Bhakti Herman Sasongko Herman Sasongko Imam Maolana Is Bunyamin Suryo Jamaludin Jamaludin Jamaludin Jamaludin Jose da Silva Khadif Gicha Alifio Krismadinata Krismadinata Kuntang Winangun Lukman Atmaja Marthen Paloboran Martias Martias Mirza Hamdhani Moch. Aziz Kurniawan Mohammad Khoirul Effendi Mohammad Khoirul Effendi Muji Setiyo Ni Nyoman Suwarmini Nugroho, Giri Nur Ikhwan Oki Muraza Oki Muraza Pasca Hariyadi Winanda Putra, Randi Purnama Putri Almas Ilka Afifah Rahadian Zainul Remon Lapisa Rhema Adi Magiza Wicaksana Robi Etdji Pangestu Rosid Rosid Rozy Aini Hirowati Salih Özer Sampurno Sampurno Sampurno Sigit Mujiarto Soebagyo, Hary Sri Rizki Putri Primandari Suhardjono Suhardjono Suliono Suliono Tinovia Prasetyo Triyogi Yuwono Yuli Mafendro Dedet Eka Saputra Yusuf Kaelani Yusuf Kaelani