Articles
<![CDATA[ONE ROOF JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN INDONESIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Sufiarina, Sufiarina]]>;
<![CDATA[Fakhriah, Efa Laela]]>
<![CDATA[ Indonesia Law Review Vol. 2, No. 3 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[UI Scholars Hub ]]>
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<![CDATA[Judicial power as an independent and autonomous power must be free from any intervention and power, thus ensuring that judges possess independence and impartiality in handling cases. One of the measures for enhancing the independence and autonomy of the judiciary is by placing it under the one roof judicial arrangement developed by the Supreme Court, both from the judicial as well as the non-judicial technical aspects. Up to the present time, endeavors for bringing the four court jurisdictions under the one roof judicial arrangement developed by the Supreme Court have not been completely materialized, due to the existing dualism in judicial power at various courts. The objective of this research is to understand the developments in the endeavors towards bringing the Indonesian judicial system under the one roof judicial arrangement developed by the Supreme Court. The type of research applied is descriptive normative juridical research, namely legal research based on examining secondary data. As the research results indicate, the one roof system developed by the Supreme Court is already being implemented, with the exception of the Military Court and the Tax Court within the State Administration Court jurisdiction.]]>
<![CDATA[TANGGUNGJAWAB PIDANA PELAKU PRAKTIK KEDOKTERAN OLEH BUKAN DOKTER MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 29 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PRAKTIK KEDOKTERAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Suhendi .]]>;
<![CDATA[Efa Laela Fakhriah]]>
<![CDATA[ Iustitia Omnibus (Jurnal Ilmu Hukum) Vol 3 No 2 (2022): Vol 3, No 2, Juni 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Program Studi Magister Ilmu Hukum Pascasarjana Universitas Langlangbuana ]]>
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<![CDATA[Doctors as the first destination of patients and health workers in overcoming all health problems. The services provided are limited to the basic medical competencies acquired during medical education. In carrying out their practice, a doctor and dentist are authorized formally (formeele bevoegdheid), or materially (materialeele bevoegdheid) by the competent authority. The government itself has made a special law that regulates medical practice, namely Law No. 29 of 2004, with the aim of protecting the public from victims of medical practices that are not up to standard, as well as protecting doctors from irresponsible lawsuits. Although medical practice has been specifically regulated, in fact there are still many individuals who practice medicine against the law. What is interesting to study is how criminal responsibility for perpetrators of medical practice by non-health workers is and how the obstacles experienced by law enforcers in taking action against the perpetrators. In discussing this thesis, the author uses a normative juridical research method with the aim of finding the law in reality (inconcreto). The specification used is descriptive analytical, which not only describes the problem, but also analyzes it through the applicable regulations in criminal law. Data collection techniques were carried out by conducting library research and field research to collect primary and secondary data. Finally, all the data obtained were analyzed using qualitative juridical methods. The results of the study conclude that the criminal liability of medical practitioners by non-health workers cannot be fully implemented because of the judge's consideration that can mitigate, namely the provision in the explanation of Article 14(a) which states that conditional criminal decisions are only applied to convicts whose original sentence is no more than of one year. The obstacles faced by law enforcers in taking action against perpetrators of medical practice are the absence of reports from the public who feel aggrieved, while repressive law enforcement must be based on reports from the public.]]>
<![CDATA[KEWENANGAN MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH DI ACEH DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN SISTEM PERADILAN DI INDONESIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Efa Laela Fakhriah]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusrizal ']]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 4, No 2 (2013) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau ]]>
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DOI: 10.30652/jih.v3i2.1814
<![CDATA[Islamic law in Aceh justice by theSyar'iyah Court a Special Courtwithin the Religious Courts. Islamiclaw in Aceh Judicial (Syar'iyahCourt) is a special court in thereligious courts throughout thejudicial authority concerningreligious authority, and a specialcourt in the general judicialauthority concerning all judicialauthority generally. CourtSyar'iyah authority as specialcourts as described in Section 3A ofAct Number 3 of 2006 is no longerlimited in the field of civil, but alsoincludes field mu'amalah andjinayah. As part of the Indonesianjudicial system, the Court Syar'iyahhas two basic competence, which isauthorized and partly ReligiousCourt authorized the General Court.Improvement regarding theadditional powers of the CourtSyar'iyah shall be in the form ofspecific legislation governingSyar'iyah Court as a special courtas stipulated in Article 24paragraph (3) of the 1945Constitution.]]>
<![CDATA[Cross border of Jurisdiction between Arbitration and District Court in Business Dispute Settlement under the Indonesian Legal System ]]>
<![CDATA[Fakhriah, Efa Laela]]>;
<![CDATA[Afriana, Anita]]>
<![CDATA[ Fiat Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol 17 No 3 (2023) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Lampung ]]>
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DOI: 10.25041/fiatjustisia.v17no3.3175
<![CDATA[In principle, the settlement of business disputes in Indonesia can be done amicably either through the court or outside the court. The court proceeding usually takes a long time, impacting overall case costs in comparison to dispute settlement outside the court. Arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution offers advantages compared to mediation, conciliation, and negotiation as it has an identical adjudicative nature to court proceedings. Therefore, arbitration is the preferred method for settling business disputes due to its perceived effectiveness and efficiency, resulting in win-win solutions. In addition, within the Indonesian legal framework, arbitration closely parallels court proceedings for dispute resolution, and its decisions carry the same level of binding authority and enforceability. This article relies on secondary data analyzed using a qualitative-juridical method to examine the jurisdiction of district court and arbitration. The findings reveal that arbitration has absolute jurisdiction when there exists an arbitration clause or an underlying arbitration agreement, thereby excluding the jurisdiction of the district court.]]>
<![CDATA[The Effect of Extra Judicial Settlement in Criminal Cases Based on the Principle of Ultimum Remedium ]]>
<![CDATA[Sulistiani, Lies]]>;
<![CDATA[Fakhriah, Efa Laela]]>
<![CDATA[ PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW) Vol 10, No 3 (2023): PADJADJARAN JURNAL ILMU HUKUM (JOURNAL OF LAW) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law, Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
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<![CDATA[The principle of ultimum remedium suggests that criminal sanctions should be used as a last resort when other legal avenues have been exhausted. The principle is not explicitly stated in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Law and is often considered a mere slogan in practice. Recently, there has been a growing trend of resolving minor criminal cases outside the formal judicial process. Instead of imposing criminal penalties, conciliation or restorative justice methods are being used. In this context, restorative justice involves reaching an agreement that resolves conflict between the offender and victim. Although not specifically regulated by the Criminal Procedure Law, there has been a shift in how criminal law enforcement views minor cases, allowing for reconciliation or peace agreements. The introduction of restorative justice mechanisms by law enforcement agencies has made the practice of reconciliation more flexible, moving away from its initially punitive nature. Additionally, including peace within restorative justice indirectly strengthens the ultimum remedium principle, ensuring that criminal sanctions are truly used as a last resort in certain minor cases.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v10n3.a1 ]]>
<![CDATA[CONTEMPT OF COURT: PENEGAKAN HUKUM DAN MODEL PENGATURAN DI INDONESIA / CONTEMPT OF COURT: LAW ENFORCEMENT AND RULE MODELS IN INDONESIA ]]>
<![CDATA[Afriana, Anita]]>;
<![CDATA[Artaji, Artaji]]>;
<![CDATA[Rusmiati, Elis]]>;
<![CDATA[Fakhriah, Efa Laela]]>;
<![CDATA[Putri, Sherly]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan Vol 7 No 3 (2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Pusat Strategi Kebijakan Hukum dan Peradilan Mahkamah Agung RI ]]>
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DOI: 10.25216/jhp.7.3.2018.441-458
<![CDATA[Di Indonesia sesungguhnya banyak kasus yang terjadi berkaitan dengan pelecehan terhadap pengadilan dan aparat penegak hukum. Hal tersebut berpengaruh terhadap integritas dan kewibawaan lembaga peradilan sebagai benteng terakhir untuk mendapatkan keadilan. Namun, sampai saat ini di Indonesia belum ada ketentuan yang secara khusus mengatur tentang pranata Contempt of Court. Artikel ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian yang telah selesai dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif yang mengedepankan data sekunder dengan dilengkapi data primer berupa penelitian lapangan yang dilakukan pada beberapa pengadilan negeri yang ada di Indonesia. Pembahasan difokuskan pada permasalahan eksistensi pengaturan dan penegakan hukum Contempt of Court serta menentukan model pengaturannya di Indonesia. Peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur tentang Contempt of Court secara khusus sampai saat ini masih belum ada. Akan tetapi, pengaturannya telah tersebar dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). Oleh karena itu, dari sekian kasus terkait dengan Contempt of Court baik berupa tindakan maupun perbuatan yang sesungguhnya mengganggu keselamatan, ketenangan psikis maupun fisik, serta apa pun yang pada prinsipnya merupakan bentuk penghinaan terhadap pengadilan belum diberikan sanksi yang tegas tetapi hanya sekedar dikeluarkan dari ruang persidangan. Contempt of Court dapat terjadi baik di dalam ruang persidangan maupun di luar persidangan baik pada perkara pidana, perdata, maupun hubungan industrial. Semakin meluaskan berbagai tindakan yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai contempt of court maka  perlu untuk mengatur Contempt of Court dalam bentuk aturan tersendiri.This crisis of public confidence greatly affects the integrity and authority of the judiciary as the last defence for justice. Many things happened related to the harassment of the courts and law enforcement agencies but until now in Indonesia there has been no provision specifically about contempt for the court. This article is a part of research that its used normative judicial method which gave priority to primary data with secondary and primary data. Therefore, field research was conducted by interviewing judge in some district court in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to know the existence of regulation and law enforcement of Contempt of Court in Indonesia and to determine the model of Contempt of Court arrangement that is in accordance with the judiciary in Indonesia, and the summary is the laws and regulations governing the Contempt of Court in particular have so far not existed, but are scattered in the Criminal Code (Criminal Code), therefore in many cases both actions and deeds which in principle interfere with safety, psychic and physical calm which in principle is a form of humiliation to the court has not been given strict sanctions but only just removed from the courtroom. Contempt of Court can take place both within the courtroom and outside the court so that by extending the various actions that can be categorized as contempt of court, it is deemed necessary to regulate the Contempt of Court in the form of a separate rule.]]>
<![CDATA[Penggunaan Saksi Anak Kandung dalam Perkara Perceraian di Pengadilan Agama Ditinjau Dari Pasal 145-146 Hir Dihubungkan Dengan Pasal 76 Undang-Undang Peradilan Agama dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam ]]>
<![CDATA[Putri Jelita, Abigail Donda]]>;
<![CDATA[Rachmainy, Linda]]>;
<![CDATA[Laela Fakhriah, Efa]]>
<![CDATA[ COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 08 (2023): COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Publikasi Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.59141/comserva.v3i08.1117
<![CDATA[Pasal 145-146 HIR mengatur mengenai larangan absolut bagi keluarga sedarah dan keluarga semenda dari salah satu pihak menurut keturunan yang lurus untuk menjadi saksi. Namun, terdapat pengecualian dalam Pasal 76 UU Peradilan Agama yang menyatakan bahwa apabila gugatan perceraian didasarkan atas alasan syiqaq, maka untuk mendapatkan putusan perceraian harus mendengarkan keterangan dari saksi yang berasal dari keluarga atau orang terdekat dari suami dan istri tersebut. Pada praktik di pengadilan, timbul permasalahan mengenai penerapan pasal mengenai alat bukti saksi dalam Pasal 145 dan 146 HIR yang dihubungkan dengan Pasal 76 UU Peradilan Agama serta pertimbangan yang digunakan oleh hakim dalam membuat keputusan mengenai permasalahan hukum yang berkaitan dengan saksi anak kandung dalam suatu putusan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis yang didukung oleh data sekunder dan data primer melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara. Analisis masalah dilakukan secara yuridis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa, penerapan Pasal 145-146 HIR dalam Putusan Nomor 813/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Bbs di Pengadilan Agama Brebes, pengadilan telah menerima keterangan anak kandung sebagai alat bukti dalam memutuskan perkara perceraian dengan alasan syiqaq. Dalam pertimbangan hakim, dapat menambahkan dasar hukum lain seperti Pasal 76 UU Peradilan Agama yang dapat menguatkan Pasal 145 dan 146 HIR. Terdapat juga perbedaan pandangan di kalangan hakim mengenai penggunaan anak kandung sebagai saksi, namun dalam menjatuhkan suatu putusan, hakim harus selalu mempertimbangkan tujuan hukum sehingga kesaksian anak kandung dapat diterima selama dapat dibuktikan secara konkret mengenai adanya kondisi syiqaq dan selama anak kandung tersebut dalam kondisi kejiwaan yang baik dan telah mencapai usia dewasa.]]>
<![CDATA[The Enforceability of the Decision of the Construction Dispute Board in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Haliman, Yudi]]>;
<![CDATA[Adolf, Huala]]>;
<![CDATA[Fakhriah, Efa Laela]]>;
<![CDATA[Murwadji, Tarsisius]]>
<![CDATA[ BANI Arbitration and Law Journal Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): BANI Arbitration and Law Journal, Volume 1, Issue 2, April 2025 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Badan Arbitrase Nasional Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.63400/balj.v1i2.15
<![CDATA[The emergence of the Dispute Board in Indonesia through Law Number 2 of 2017 on Construction Services raises several challenges, including the complexity of the dispute resolution process, the unclear legal status of decisions, and the lack of recognition within the existing arbitration legal framework. Using a legal normative approach, this research explores the issue in the dispute resolution mechanism under the Law Number 2 of 2017, analyses the main obstacles, and formulates recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the Dispute Board. This research in particular emphasized the enforceability of the decision of the Construction Dispute Board. The method to this problems was to analyze the provisions under the Law. In addition this article also analyzed the main provision on the settlement of disputes, including the possibility of the legal recognition of the Dispute Construction Board in view of the institutional aspects under the Law No 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution. This article found that the complexity of the dispute resolution process through the Construction Dispute Board, along with the high cost and lack of clarity regarding the enforceability of judgments, creates uncertainty for the parties. This marred the deicison of the Construction Dispute Board.]]>
<![CDATA[Reviewing Law Enforcement on Small and Medium Enterprise Partnerships in Indonesia from a Competition Law Perspective ]]>
<![CDATA[Anita Afriana]]>;
<![CDATA[Efa Laela Fakhriah]]>
<![CDATA[ Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan ]]>
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DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i1.5132
<![CDATA[Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in the economic development of Indonesia. One activity MSMEs can engage in is forming partnerships. These partnerships are established through innominate contracts, which, in principle, constitute partnership agreements. The Business Competition Supervision Commission, or Komisi Pengawasan Persaingan Usaha (KPPU), holds the authority to oversee both the formation and performance of partnership agreements entered into by MSMEs. This article uses a normative juridical approach with qualitative data to evaluate the supervisory role of KPPU in overseeing the performance of partnership agreements and the amicable settlement of disputes through changes in behavior under competition law. The results conclude that KPPU oversees compliance with the agreements and performance in accordance with general contractual principles, specifically those that must be included in partnership agreements. KPPU’s supervision, as part of law enforcement, occurs in two phases: the preliminary stage and the subsequent stage. In the subsequent stage, KPPU may impose administrative sanctions and criminal compensation based on the material facts of the proceedings. If the reported party changes their behavior during the preliminary stage, the proceeding may be terminated, allowing the dispute to be settled amicably. This approach should be prioritized as part of restorative justice, as it emphasizes law enforcement focused on restoring the original state and reestablishing harmonious relationships within society.]]>
<![CDATA[Banking Crime Resolution through Violation Resolution: Analytical and Prescriptive Evaluation of Regulatory Reform ]]>
<![CDATA[Lastuti Abubakar]]>;
<![CDATA[Efa Laela Fakhriah]]>;
<![CDATA[Lies Sulistiani]]>;
<![CDATA[Anita Afriana]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, University of Mataram ]]>
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DOI: 10.29303/ius.v14i2.1985
<![CDATA[Regulatory reform in the banking sector has become important in response to the growing complexity and dynamics of the financial industry. The rise of banking-related offences both those regulated under the Banking Law and those arising beyond its specific scope poses significant risks to national economic stability and may undermine public confidence in the banking system. This article provides an analytical and evaluative examination of recent regulatory reforms, focusing on the introduction of the violation resolution mechanism under Article 37D of Law No. 4 of 2023 concerning the development and strengthening of the Financial Sector (PPSK Law), as subsequently amended by Law No 4 of 2026. Rather than constituting a mere exercise of regulatory discretion, violation resolution is conceptualized as an adaptation of restorative justice principles to the distinctive characteristics of the banking sector. The study demonstrates that this mechanism emphasizes negotiated settlement, proportional accountability, and compensation, thereby balancing effective enforcement with the need to preserve financial-systemic stability. By situating violation resolution within criminological and regulatory scholarship, the article clarifies its normative foundations and implications for banking governance. Furthermore, the analysis substantively engages with Sustainable Development Goal 16 (peace, justice, and strong institutions), demonstrating how incorporation of restorative justice principle into financial regulation may strengthens institutional integrity, proportional enforcement, public trust, and contributes to resilient economic growth. This evaluative approach underscores that effective violation resolution is not rhetorical but substantive regulatory innovation that aligns legal certainty with sustainable development objectives.]]>
