Articles
<![CDATA[Implementasi Kebijakan Moratorium Fintech Peer- to-Peer Lending Terhadap Perlindungan Konsumen ]]>
<![CDATA[Nurhaliza, Aisyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryanto, Imam]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 3 (2024): DECEMBER ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Semarang ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i3.10303
<![CDATA[This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending Moratorium policy on consumer protection in Indonesia, especially regarding aggressive billing practices by P2P lending companies. Advances in digital technology have made it easier to access financial services through fintech, however, aggressive collection practices by legal P2P lending companies show a weakness in the existing regulations. This issue must be important to ensure that the principles of consumer protection are fulfilled. In cases of aggressive billing practices, consumers not only suffer financial consequences but also emotional pressure which can lead to tragic outcomes. Normative juridical methods were used in this research by using a statutory and case approach to evaluate the impact of the moratorium and new regulations such as POJK No. 10/POJK.05/2022 and other regulations to increase consumer protection. The innovation in this research shows that the moratorium has succeeded reduced the influx of illegal P2P lending companies and strengthened oversight by eliminating some P2P lenders. However, aggressive billing issues still require a significant concern because the number of complaints received by the OJK continues to increase. The research findings indicate that the P2P Lending moratorium policy has positively affected the fintech lending industry by improving operational standards. However, new regulations are needed that apply comprehensively and have permanent legal force in the form of laws that specifically regulate Fintech P2P Lending. These regulations must be accompanied by strict sanctions to ensure more effective consumer protection. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan Moratorium Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending terhadap perlindungan konsumen di Indonesia, khususnya berkaitan dengan penagihan agresif oleh Penyelenggara P2P lending. Kemajuan teknologi digital telah mempermudah akses layanan keuangan melalui fintech, tetapi praktik penagihan agresif oleh perusahaan P2P lending legal menunjukkan adanya kelemahan pada regulasi yang berlaku. Masalah ini menjadi penting untuk memastikan terpenuhinya prinsip-prinsip perlindungan konsumen. Pada kasus penagihan agresif, konsumen tidak hanya menghadapi konsekuensi finansial tetapi juga tekanan emosional hingga menghilangkan nyawanya. Metode yuridis normatif digunakan pada penelitian ini melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan dan kasus untuk mengevaluasi dampak moratorium dan regulasi baru seperti POJK No. 10/POJK.05/2022 serta regulasi lainnya dalam meningkatkan perlindungan konsumen. Pembaharuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa moratorium telah berhasil menutup laju masuknya perusahaan P2P Lending Ilegal dan memperkuat pengawasan dengan mengeliminasi perusahaan P2P Lending. Namun, masalah penagihan agresif perlu menjadi perhatian khusus karena jumlah aduan yang diterima OJK terus meningkat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan moratorium P2P Lending memberikan dampak positif bagi industri fintech dengan meningkatkan standar operasional. Diperlukan regulasi baru yang berlaku secara menyuluruh dan berkekuatan hukum tetap berbentuk undang-undang yang khusus mengatur terkait Fintech P2P Lending. Regulasi tersebut harus disertai dengan sanksi yang tegas untuk memastikan perlindungan konsumen yang lebih efektif. ]]>
<![CDATA[ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI UNCITRAL MODEL LAW ON CROSS BORDER INSOLVENCY DALAM PENANGANAN PERKARA KEPAILITAN TRANSNASIONAL ]]>
<![CDATA[Panji Ahmad Setiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Haryanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurisprudentie: Jurusan Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Vol 11 No 2 (2024): Volume 11 Nomor 2 Desember 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurusan Ilmu Hukum Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum uin alauddin ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.24252/jurisprudentie.v11i2.51976
<![CDATA[Trade in the current era of globalization involves many countries around the world, both in bilateral and multilateral relationships. This has transformed trade from being limited to a single country into what is known as international business or international trade. With the rapid development of international business, various issues have emerged, including insolvency that involves more than one country with different jurisdictions, commonly referred to as cross-border insolvency. Currently, Indonesian law does not regulate this aspect, resulting in a legal vacuum regarding the execution of bankrupt assets outside Indonesia's territory. This research employs a juridical-normative legal method with legislative and comparative approaches. Insolvency in Indonesia is governed by Indonesian Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations. Under the principle of territoriality, bankruptcy rulings in Indonesia are only applicable within the national jurisdiction and lack enforceability abroad. This situation becomes complicated when a debtor who owes creditors from another country is declared bankrupt, or vice versa. One solution to address cross-border insolvency cases is to adopt the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, formulated by the United Nations, which aims to provide guidelines for resolving cross-border insolvency cases in various countries and to assist in handling such matters fairly and effectively.]]>
<![CDATA[The Considerations Analysis of Different PTUN and MA Decisions which are Detrimental to Insurance Consumers ]]>
<![CDATA[Kusumah, Rio Hadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryanto, Imam]]>
<![CDATA[ Law Development Journal Vol 6, No 4 (2024): December 2024 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Islam Sultan Agung ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.30659/ldj.6.4.588-599
<![CDATA[This study discusses the differences between the Supreme Court (MA) Decision Number 647 K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021 and the Jakarta PTUN Decision Number 475/G/2023/PTUN.JKT related to the case of PT Asuransi Jiwa Kresna (Kresna Life) and its impact on the protection of insurance consumer rights. This study uses a normative legal method with a statute approach and a case study approach. Data were collected through a literature study covering laws and regulations, court decisions, and expert opinions related to the insurance industry. In general, the MA Decision annulled the determination of the Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) filed by individual creditors, stating that the settlement of obligations must be supervised by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) through a liquidation mechanism. Conversely, the Jakarta PTUN annulled the decision to revoke Kresna Life's business license by the OJK, thus prolonging legal uncertainty for policyholders. As a result of these conflicting decisions, the liquidation process that should guarantee the return of claim funds to policyholders is hampered, and consumer rights are difficult to realize. The results of the study show that the differences in these decisions weaken the authority of the OJK as a regulator, as stipulated in Law No. 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector (UU P2SK) and POJK Number 28/POJK.05/2015 concerning the liquidation of insurance companies. This reduces public trust in the insurance industry and increases the risk of financial loss for policyholders.]]>
<![CDATA[QRIS as a Single Payment Gateway as a Solution for Payment Efficiency and Legal Protection for e-commerce Consumers Through a Comparison With China ]]>
<![CDATA[Matthew Jakaria Sitanggang]]>;
<![CDATA[Imam Haryanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): (JLPH) Journal of Law, Politic and Humanities ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Dinasti Research ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.38035/jlph.v5i3.1339
<![CDATA[The increasing interest in shopping through e-commerce is accompanied by consumers' desire for easy, fast, and efficient payment methods, leading to a decline in cash usage as transactions can be conducted without spatial or temporal limitations through various payment gateways. In response to this phenomenon, Indonesia introduced a national payment gateway called QRIS. However, QRIS still faces several weaknesses, particularly in terms of effectiveness and consumer protection, which necessitate improvements. A single payment gateway is considered an effective solution to address these issues. This study used the statute approach and the comparative approach. It examined laws and regulations related to payment systems and consumer protection in e-commerce implemented in Indonesia, with China serving as a comparative study. The study results indicate that certain features of QRIS are not yet adaptive to current cutting-edge technologies, highlighting the need for more specific regulatory provisions in several Indonesian laws, particularly the importance of independent regulations governing e-commerce to create inclusivity in digital transactions.]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis keekonomian skenario pengelolaan sampah di TPA Gunung Panggung Tuban Jawa Timur ]]>
<![CDATA[Ula, Rahmah Arfiyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryanto, Imam]]>;
<![CDATA[Prasetya, Agus]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 17 No 1 (2023): Volume 17, Number 1, 2023 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Jurnal Rekayasa Proses ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.69657
<![CDATA[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis keekonomian pada skenario alternatif pengolahan sampah yang melibatkanan aerobic digestion (AD), pengomposan, dan landfilling. Penanganan sampah menggunakan beberapa metode alternatif selain dumping dan landfilling atau keduanya diperlukan untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian terdahulu menggunakan pendekatan life cycle assessment (LCA) menunjukkan bahwa skenario tersebut memberikan dampak potensi pemanasan global yang lebih rendah di TPA Gunung Panggung, Kabupaten Tuban. Analisis kelayakan ekonomi menunjukkan hasil positif dengan nilai benefit cost ratio (BCR), net present value (NPV), dan internal rate return (IRR) masing-masing sebesar 1,62, Rp34.893.409.826,37, dan 34,07%. Analisis sensitivitas dilakukan dengan memvaria- sikan harga produk dan biaya produksi. Adanya perubahan harga tidak menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap nilai kelayakan investasi ini.]]>
<![CDATA[Tanggung Jawab Hukum Perusahaan Ekspedisi Atas Hilangnya Barang Konsumen ]]>
<![CDATA[Kamila, Meiliana]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryanto, Imam]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Semarang ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.26623/julr.v5i2.5750
<![CDATA[This study aims to examine the loss of consumer goods caused by freight forwarding companies, which causes consumers to suffer losses due to negligence of shipping company services. To protect consumer rights that must be fulfilled. The method used is normative juridical by carrying out legal research on literature which is carried out by examining library materials or secondary data solely on research and the laws that regulate it. Regarding the discussion, this research shows legal remedies for the loss of consumer goods caused by shipping companies, legal consequences received by shipping company services, and forms of consumer protection for rights that are not fulfilled. This study concludes that legal remedies can be used to resolve disputes, which can be resolved in 2 ways, namely through the court and outside the court by arbitration, mediation, and conciliation. The results of this study aim to update previous studies to examine more deeply related to the protection of various consumer rights that are not fulfilled due to the negligence of shipping companies. As well as solutions so that consumer losses that arise do not continue to occur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mengenai hilangnya barang konsumen yang disebabkan oleh perusahaan jasa ekspedisi, yang menyebabkan konsumen mengalami kerugian atas kelalaian jasa perusahaan ekspedisi. Untuk melindungi hak-hak konsumen yang wajib terpenuhi. Metode yang digunakan bersifat yuridis normatif dengan melukan penelitian hukum kepustakaan yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan-bahan kepustakaan atau data sekunder belaka penelitian dan Undang-Undang yang mengatur. Terkait pembahasan penelitian ini memperlihatkan upaya hukum terhadap hilangnya barang konsumen yang disebabkan oleh perusahaan ekspedisi, akibat hukum yang diterima oleh jasa perusahaan ekspedisi, dan bentuk perlindungan konsumen atas hak-hak yang tidak terpenuhinya. Kesimpulan atas penelitian ini adalah upaya hukum yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa yakni dapat diselesaikan melalui 2 cara, yaitu melalui pengadilan dan diluar pengadilan dengan arbitrasi, mediasi, dan konsiliasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini bertujuan guna memperbaharui studi yang terdahulu guna mengkaji lebih mendalam terkait perlindungan atas berbagai hak konsumen yang tidak terpenuhi disebabkan kelalaian perusahaan ekspedisi. Serta solusi agar kerugian konsumen yang timbul tidak terus terjadi. ]]>
<![CDATA[Implementasi Pengawasan Dan Pemberian Sanksi Terhadap Perusahaan Atas Pelaksanaan Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu ]]>
<![CDATA[Hakim, Syerrin]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryanto, Imam]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): AUGUST ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Semarang ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i2.7085
<![CDATA[This study aims to examine juridically the implementation of supervision and sanctions against companies for the implementation of PKWT based on the labor copyright law. The method used in this research is the normative juridical method. The result of this writing is the need for evaluation, supervision and improvement of the PKWT arrangement in the Job Creation Law. Supervision of companies that employ PKWT workers / laborers exceeding the maximum period stipulated results in an increase in labor cases, especially on PKWT. Suggestions from this research are the need to evaluate the performance of the Manpower Office on the maximum period of non-permanent contracts applied by companies, improvements to specific provisions regarding the rights and obligations of the Manpower Supervisory Service and legal sanctions for companies that do not comply with the provisions of the Job Creation Law. It is hoped that this can provide protection and a balanced legal umbrella, especially for PKWT workers / laborers in accordance with the provisions of the applicable Job Creation Law and workers / laborers can get the rights and obligations they should get. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi pengawasan dan pemberian sanksi terhadap perusahaan atas pelaksanaan PKWT berdasarkan UU Cipta Kerja. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif. Hasil dari penulisan ini yaitu diperlukannya evaluasi, pengawasan dan perbaikan terhadap pengaturan PKWT pada UU Cipta Kerja. Pengawasan terhadap perusahaan yang mempekerjakan pekerja/buruh PKWT melebihi jangka waktu maksimal yang ditetapkan mengakibatkan meningkatnya kasus ketenagakerjaan terutama pada PKWT. Saran dari penelitian ini adalah diperlukannya evaluasi kinerja dinas ketenagakerjaan terhadap jangka waktu maksimal PKWT yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan, perbaikan terhadap ketentuan spesifik mengenai hak dan kewajiban dari dinas pengawas ketenagakerjaan dan sanksi hukum bagi perusahaan yang tidak mematuhi ketentuan UU Cipta Kerja. Hal tersebut diharapkan bisa memberikan perlindungan serta payung hukum yang seimbang khusunya kepada para pekerja/buruh PKWT sesuai dengan ketentuan UU Cipta Kerja yang berlaku dan para pekerja/buruh bisa mendapatkan hak dan kewajiban yang semestinya mereka dapatkan.]]>
<![CDATA[Penghapusan Praktik Penjualan Bersyarat oleh Google Sebagai Bentuk Persaingan Usaha Sehat di Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Shafa, Najwa Bana]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryanto, Imam]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): AUGUST ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Semarang ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i2.7301
<![CDATA[This writing is intended to find out the prohibition on the use of alternative payment methods made by Google for users of digital services in Indonesia. Against the background of the KPPU investigation against Google for alleged conditional sales practices, which was followed by a change in settings on Google Support Android Developer that allowed alternative payment methods. Therefore, an assessment to further analyze this paper is essential because there is no research on monopolistic practices in digital market share in Indonesia so this research can be a renewal of existing laws for Indonesia. This writing is included in normative with the approach methods used in this writing are statute, comparative, and case. The results of the analysis also found that Google has eliminated the practice of conditional sales through changes in settings by allowing the use of alternative payment methods and compliance with the fulfillment of the responsibility and role of KPPU as a business supervisory authority in Indonesia based on the Business Competition Law. Penulisan ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui adanya larangan penggunaan metode pembayaran alternatif yang dilakukan oleh Google terhadap konsumen atau pengguna layanan digital di Indonesia. Dilatar belakangi adanya penyelidikan KPPU terhadap Google atas dugaan praktik penjualan bersyarat, yang kemudian disusul dengan dilakukannya perubahan pengaturan pada Google Support Android Developer atas diperbolehkannya penggunaan metode pembayaran alternatif selain Google Pay Billing. Maka, pengkajian untuk menganalisis lebih lanjut atas penulisan ini menjadi penting dikarenakan belum adanya penelitian terkait praktik monopoli di dalam ranah pangsa pasar digital di Indonesia sehingga penelitian ini dapat menjadi suatu pembaharuan hukum bagi Indonesia. Adapun penulisan ini termasuk ke dalam penulisan normatif dengan metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah statute approach (pendekatan perundang-undang), comparative approach (pendekatan komparasi), dan case approach (pendekatan kasus). Hasil analisisnya pun didapati bahwa Google telah menghapus adanya praktik penjualan bersyarat melalui perubahan pengaturan dengan memperbolehkan penggunaan metode pembayaran alternatif serta kesesuaian atas pemenuhan tanggung jawab dan peran KPPU sebagai lembaga pengawas persaingan usaha di Indonesia sudah berdasar pada UU Persaingan Usaha. ]]>
<![CDATA[Analisis Regulasi Pada Tanaman Transgenik dalam Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman Bagi Pemulia Tanaman ]]>
<![CDATA[Batrisyia, Briana]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryanto, Imam]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023): DECEMBER ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Semarang ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i3.7433
<![CDATA[This research aims to study how transgenic plant protection has developed for plant breeders in Indonesia. Then, it is hoped that this research can be used as a reference to find out the development of transgenic plant protection for plant breeders in Indonesia in response to the development of existing transgenic plants and to come up with solutions to similar problems. Transgenic plants are products that are formed from intelligent human thinking and require a lot of time and money in the research process. There is a need for protection for initial breeders whose seeds are taken by inventors to be used as material for their inventions. This research uses normative research methods with a comparative approach. The results of this research lead to the conclusion that considering current developments, there needs to be modification and improvement in the effective protection of innovation in the field of transgenic plants, especially for plant breeders in Indonesia. This protection should be balanced between the rights of plant breeders and the interests of the wider community, including food availability, genetic diversity, and the environment.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari bagaimana perlindungan tanaman transgenik telah berkembang untuk pemulia tanaman di Indonesia. Kemudian penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan perlindungan tanaman transgenik bagi pemulia tanaman di Indonesia dalam menyikapi perkembangan tanaman transgenik yang ada dan memunculkan solusi-solusi untuk dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan yang serupa.Tanaman transgenik adalah produk yang terbentuk dari pemikiran cerdas manusia dan membutuhkan banyak waktu dan uang dalam proses penelitiannya dan perlu adanya perlindungan bagi pemulia awal yang benihnya diambil oleh inventor untuk digunakan sebagai bahan invensinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa melihat perkembangan zaman yang ada, perlu adanya modifikasi dan peningkatan dalam perlindungan yang efektif terhadap inovasi dalam bidang tanaman transgenik khususnya bagi pemulia tanaman di Indonesia yang seimbang antara hak-hak bagi pemulia tanaman dan kepentingan masyarakat luas, termasuk diantaranya ketersediaan pangan, keanekaragaman genetik, dan lingkungan. ]]>
<![CDATA[Pertanggung Jawaban Hukum Konsultan Konstruksi terhadap Kegagalan Konstruksi Bangunan ]]>
<![CDATA[Napitupulu, Linggomi Adinda Tamaradhina]]>;
<![CDATA[Haryanto, Imam]]>
<![CDATA[ JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024): APRIL ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Semarang ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.26623/julr.v7i1.7756
<![CDATA[The purpose of the research is to study and analyze the implications of the Construction Services Law, namely Law Number 2 of 2017, which is updated by Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations instead of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation, especially regarding the application of building failure provisions stipulated in the second segment of Article 60 of Law Number 2 of 2017 with building failure arrangements stipulated in construction work contracts. The assessment of the circumstances declared as the occurrence of construction failure begins after the service provider (construction contractor) carries out the second handover process for the work he has carried out, and in less than 10 years, there is a building collapse and the malfunction of the building being handed over. Business actors in the construction industry in Indonesia are bound by a construction work contract signed by the parties. This research will present information on how the provisions of building failure are regulated in the contract made between construction service users and construction service providers. Service users in construction projects can be in the form of government agencies and other private companies, while construction service providers such as construction implementation contractors and construction consulting companies (planning consultants, supervisory consultants, and other consultants). The conclusion of this research is expected to anticipate deviations from the provisions regarding building failure in the preparation of construction work contracts. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis implikasi Undang-Undang Jasa Konstruksi yang terdapat di Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 yang diperbaharui oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 mengenai Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 mengenai Cipta Kerja khususnya mengenai penerapan ketentuan kegagalan bangunan yang termaktub dalam bagian kedua Pasal 60 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 tahun 2017 dengan pengaturan kegagalan bangunan yang tertulis dalam kontrak kerja konstruksi. Penilaian atas keadaan yang dijadikan sebagai terjadinya kegagalan konstruksi dimulai setelah pihak penyedia jasa (kontraktor pelaksana konstruksi) melakukan proses serah terima kedua atas pekerjaan yang dilakukannya dan dalam waktu kurang dari 10 tahun terjadi keruntuhan bangunan untuk beroperasi atau tidak berfungsi yang diserahterimakan. Para pelaku usaha dalam industri konstruksi di Indonesia dalam menjalankan usahanya terikat dalam kontrak kerja konstruksi yang ditanda tangani oleh para pihak, penelitian ini akan menyajikan informasi tentang bagaimana ketentuan kegagalan bangunan diatur dalam kontrak/perjanjian yang dibentuk antara penyedia jasa konstruksi dengan pengguna jasa konstruksi, pengguna jasa dalam proyek konstruksi dapat berupa instansi pemerintah maupun swasta lainnya sedangkan penyedia jasa konstruksi seperti kontraktor pelaksana konstruksi serta perusahaan konsultasi konstruksi (konsultan perencana, konsultan pengawas maupun konsultan lainnya). Hasil dari penelitian ini diperkirakan bisa mengantisipasi penyimpangan ketentuan tentang kegagalan bangunan dalam penyusunan kontrak kerja konstruksi. ]]>
