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Hypercholesterolemia Differences based on Body Fat Percentage in Diabetic Patients at Pasar Minggu Primary Health Care 2018 Asti Shafira; Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika; Diah Mulyawati Utari
Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition Vol 1, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (371.709 KB) | DOI: 10.7454/ijphn.v1i1.4382

Abstract

AbstractHypercholesterolemia is the leading predictor of various cardiovascular disease (CVD) which is the leading cause of death in the world. This study aims to determine whether there are a ny differences the incidence of hypercholesterolemia based on factors related to it in people with diabetes mellitus at Pasar Minggu Primary Health Care in 2018. This study used a cross -sectional method with a sample size of 126 respondents using consecutive sampling. Research variables studied were incidence of hypercholesterolemia, sex, duration of diabetes mellitus, family history of diabetes mellitus, smoking habit, physical activity, stress level, body fat percentage and fat intake. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia incidence in DM patients was 56.3% with 37.1% in men and 63.7% in women. Of all independent variables studied, significant differences with statistical analysis were in sex (OR = 2.947, p = 0.009), family history (OR = 0.443, p = 0.018) and smoking habits (OR = 1,233; p = 0.038). Meanwhile, there was no significant the incidence of hypercholesterolemia differences based on duration of diabetes mellitus, physical activity, stress level, body, fat bod y percentage a nd fat intake due to p > 0.05. To conclude, there were significant differences in sex, family history of diabetes mellitus and smoking habits with hypercholesterolaemia incidence, with an increased risk of hypercholesterolemia in line with female sex, family history of DM and active smoking habits.AbstrakHiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu prediktor kuat berbagai penyait jantung yang merupakan penyebab utama kema tian di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan berbagai faktor yang berkaitan dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia pada penderita diabetes melitus di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu pada tahun 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cr oss-sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebesar 126 responden menggunakan consecutive sampling. Variabel penelitian yang diteliti adalah kejadian hiperkolesterolemia, jenis kelamin, lama menderita diabetes melitus, riwayat DM keluarga, kebiasaan merokok, aktivitas fisik, tingkat stress, persen lemak tubuh dan asupan lemak. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi kejadian hiperkolesterolemia pada penderita DM adalah 56,3% dengan 37,1% pada pria dan 63,7% pada wanita. Dari seluruh variabel independe nt yang diteliti, perbedaan yang bermakna dengan hasil uji chi square adalah jenis kelamin (OR = 2,947; CI = 1,326 -6,672), riwayat keluarga (OR = 0,443; CI = 0,209 -0,895) dan kebiasaan merokok (OR = 1,233; CI = 0,990 -11,898). Sementara itu, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kejadian hiperkolesterolemia berdasarkan lama menderita DM, aktivitas fisik, tingkat stress, persen lemak tubuh d an asupan lemak karena p > 0,05 . Disimpulkan, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada jenis kelamin, riwayat DM keluarga da n kebiasaan merokok dengan kejadian hiperkolesterolemia . Peningkatan risiko hiperkolesterolemia utamanya terjadi pada perempuan, adanya riwayat DM keluarga dan kebiasaan aktif merokok.
Analysis of the dominant factor of hypercholesterolemia at 45-59 years old elderly in working area of Puskesmas Rangkapanjaya Kota Depok 2016 Widya Asih Lestari; Diah Mulyawati Utari
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 33, No 6 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (561.487 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.12293

Abstract

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by very high levels of cholesterol in the body (>200 mg/dl). Hypercholesterolemia becomes the main priority health concern in the developed and developing countries. In the late 20 years, atherosclerosis  as the cause of coronary heart shows a very significant epidemic,  in Indonesia itself, this desease ranked in 7th (5.5%). This study is aimed at analyzing the dominant factor of hypercholesterolemia at 45-59 years old pre elderly in the working area of Puskesmas Rangkapanjaya Kota Depok. Method: This study also using cross sectional design. The sample in this study is taken from 160 elderlies aged 45-49 years old in Rangkapanjaya. The data collection uses Accutrend GC, BoneScan QUS, questionnaire, food recall, and FFQ.  The data collecting techniques used in this study are chi-square and logistic regression. Result: The result of this research shows 66,25% of hypercholesterolemia proportion. The factor influencing hypercholesterolemia are vegetable intake frequency (P-value = 0,014), body mass index (P-value = 0,02), physical activity (P- value = 0,012) and bone mass  density (P-value = 0,018). It shows that the dominant factor toward hypercholesterlemia is bone mass density with OR 3,033 means man and woman with low total bone mass density has 3,033 times risk of getting hypercholesterolemia.Conclusion: Women and men with low bone density are at greater risk of developing hypercholesterolemia.
Availability of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages at Home as The Dominant Factor Related to Its Consumption Among Students of SMAN (State High School) 47 Jakarta, Indonesia, in 2022 Nadhira Winindya Sari; Kusharisupeni Djokosujono; Diah Mulyawati Utari; Neni Rohayati
Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition Vol 3, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/ijphn.v3i1.6176

Abstract

AbstractSugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are drinks added with simple sugar, which can increase the energy because of calorie-dense and high in sugar, but low in other nutrients. Excessive consumption of SSBs can cause nutritional problems, such as increasing the risk of overweight and obesity. This study aims to determine the relationship between SSBs consumption and various factor and the dominant factor of SSBs consumption among students of SMAN (State High School) 47 Jakarta in 2022. The cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to June 2022 with 120 respondents. Primary data was taken using questionnaires and analyzed by univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression). Univariate analysis shows that 90% of respondents consumed high levels of SSBs. Bivariate analysis shows that pocket money, advertising and media exposure, and availability of SSBs at home have a significant relationship with SSBs consumption. Multivariate analysis shows that the dominant factor associated with SSBs consumption was the availability of SSBs at home. The school is advised to provide education about the impact of high SSBs consumption, provide mineral water refills, and encourage parents to provide healthy drinks at home. The government is advised to use social media for intervention, limiting unhealthy drinks ads, and implementing a policy of SSBs excise tax.Keywords: Sugar-sweetened beverages, adolescents, high school studentsAbstrakSugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) merupakan minuman yang diberi tambahan gula sederhana yang menambah kandungan energi karena padat kalori dan tinggi gula, namun memiliki sedikit kandungan zat gizi lain sehingga dapat meningkatkan risiko kejadian gizi lebih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi SSBs dengan berbagai faktor dan mengetahui faktor dominan konsumsi SSBs pada siswa SMAN 47 Jakarta tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional pada bulan November 2021 - Juni 2022 dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 120 orang. Data yang diambil adalah data primer dengan pengisian kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya akan dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat (uji chi-square), dan multivariat (uji regresi logistik ganda). Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan 90% responden mengonsumsi SSBs tingkat tinggi. Hasil bivariat menunjukkan bahwa uang saku, paparan iklan dan media, serta ketersediaan SSBs di rumah memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap konsumsi SSBs. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan konsumsi SSBs adalah ketersediaan SSBs di rumah. Pihak sekolah disarankan untuk memberikan edukasi gizi terkait dampak konsumsi SSBs berlebih, menyediakan tempat pengisian ulang air mineral, dan mengimbau orang tua siswa untuk menyediakan makanan sehat di rumah. Pemerintah disarankan untuk memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai media intervensi, membatasi iklan minuman yang kurang sehat, dan menerapkan kebijakan pengenaan cukai SSBs.Kata kunci: Sugar-sweetened beverages, remaja, siswa SMA
The The Association Between Diet Satisfaction and Hospital Length of Stay in Ischaemic Stroke Patients at National Brain Centre Hospital Prof.Dr.dr Mahar Mardjono Jakarta Fatma Silviani; Diah Mulyawati Utari; Rodlia; Zulaikhah Atyas Permatasari
ARGIPA (Arsip Gizi dan Pangan) Vol 7 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : UHAMKA PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Ischaemic stroke patients tend to be malnourished. Diet satisfaction based on food waste can be used to evaluate food intake in hospitalized patients. A previous study found that there was a correlation between food waste and hospital length of stay. The aim of the study was to explore the association between diet satisfaction and hospital length of stay in ischaemic stroke patients at National Brain Centre Hospital Prof.Dr.dr Mahar Mardjono Jakarta. Design of the study was cohort retrospective. The study recruited 103 ischaemic stroke patients aged from 18 to 59 years old. Data was analysed by using chi-square test. The percentage of ischaemic stroke patients who had prolonged length-of-stay or >5 days was 34%. The proportion of low food waste was higher in patients who stayed at hospital ≤5 days (70%) than >5 days (30%). It may conclude that most patients with a short-hospitalized length of stay had low food waste.  High food waste was a risk factor for hospital length of stay (RR=1.59, CI: 0.927-2.742), but the correlation between diet satisfaction based on food waste and hospital length of stay was not significant (p=0.112).
Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian BBLR (Berat Badan Lahir Rendah) di Asia dan Afrika Fitratur Rahmah Agustina; Diah Mulyawati Utari
Pro Health Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): Pro Health Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, July 2020
Publisher : Universitas Ngudi Waluyo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (855.909 KB) | DOI: 10.35473/proheallth.v2i2.562

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According to WHO, 20 million babies born every year experience LBW, and 96.5% of them occur in developing countries. This study aims to analyze the factors associated with LBW events. The design of this study is literature review. The articles collected are grouped according to the following inclusion criteria: 1) is a cross sectional study; 2) respondents are children aged 0-59 months; 3) research locations in Asia or Africa. The results of the study show that the sex of the child has a significant relationship with LBW in India, Indonesia, Afghanistan, Armenia, Cambodia, Jordan and Tanzania. Mothers aged ≥ 35 years are more at risk of giving birth to LBW babies in Armenia, Cambodia, Jordan, Nepal, Pakistan, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Senegal. Mother's education has a significant relationship with LBW in Oman, Afghanistan, Armenia, India, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Jordan, Burkina Faso, Malawi, Senegal, Uganda, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. Occupational mothers have a significant relationship with LBW only in Nepal, and Pakistan. Maternal nutritional status (IMT) has a significant relationship with LBW events in India, Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan, Jordan, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Pregnancy complications have a relationship with LBW only in Indonesia, and Oman. The number of parities has a significant relationship with LBW in Indonesia, Armenia, Cambodia, Nepal, Pakistan, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The number of ANC attendees has a significant relationship with LBW in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Jordan, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. The economic status of the family was found to have relations with LBW in Afghanistan, Armenia, Indonesia, Cambodia, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Jordan, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
ANALISIS STATUS ANEMIA IBU HAMIL TERHADAP KEJADIAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR)(STUDI DATA SEKUNDER DARI REGISTER KOHORT IBU DAN BUKU KIA DI WILAYAH KERJA UPTD PUSKESMAS MANGGARI KABUPATEN KUNINGAN TAHUN 2019) Usep Rusependhi; Diah Mulyawati Utari
JURNAL KESEHATAN BIDKEMAS RESPATI Vol. 11 No. 1 (2020): Februari 2020
Publisher : STIKes Respati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.48186/bidkes.v11i1.238

Abstract

Berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) yaitu  bayi dengan  berat badan saat lahir kurang dari 2.500 gram. Bayi yang lahir dengan BBLR memiliki risiko  meninggal pada awal kelahiran, tumbuh dan berkembang lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan bayi yang lahir dengan berat badan normal, serta  berisiko terjadinya penyakit hipertensi, jantung dan diabetes di kemudian hari (WHO, 2014). Prevalensi BBLR paling tinggi  di Kabupaten Kuningan tahun 2018 berada  di  wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Manggari yaitu sebesar 11,8 %   dengan prevalensi ibu hamil anemia  sebesar 33,8 %. Salah satu faktor penyebab BBLR adalah anemia (kadar Hb kurang dari 11,0 gr/dl) yang dialami oleh ibu hamil (WHO, 2014). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara anemia ibu hamil  dengan kejadian BBLR menggunakan desain penelitian case control  data sekunder dari register kohort ibu dan buku KIA. Total  sampel sebanyak 87 bayi, terdiri dari 29 kasus dan 58 kontrol yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square, diperoleh nilai p sama dengan 0,038 menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara  anemia ibu hamil dengan  kejadian  BBLR, dan diperoleh  OR sama dengan 3,327 (95% CI: 1,184-9,351), yang berarti  bahwa ibu hamil yang anemia beresiko 3,327 kali lebih tinggi untuk melahirkan BBLR dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil yang tidak anemia. Kesimpulan penelitian ini ada hubungan antara anemia ibu hamil dengan kejadian BBLR. Hal ini didukung oleh hasil penelitian Mohandas Nair, dkk, bahwa ibu hamil dengan kadar  Hb kurang dari 10 gr/dl (anemia) memiliki risiko 4,3 kali lebih tinggi untuk melahirkan BBLR dibandingkan dengan ibu hamil yang tidak anemia. Selain itu,  hasil systematic review study yang dilakukan oleh Bunyarit Sukrat, dkk diperoleh bahwa ibu hamil pada trimester 3 dengan kadar Hb kurang dari 11 gr/dl berisiko 1,30 kali lebih tinggi untuk melahirkan BBLR. Begitu pula, hasil penelitian Mutiara Fatinah Endah  diperoleh bahwa anemia pada ibu hamil Trimester III berhubungan dengan kejadian BBLR (p sama dengan 0,017 OR sama dengan 1,7). Penelitian lain oleh Rahmati, Shoboo et al berupa tinjauan sistematis literatur dan metode PRISMA menunjukkan bahwa hubungan anemia ibu hamil dan BBLR  pada trimester pertama kehamilan adalah signifikan (RR sama dengan 1,26). Dari hasil penelitian ini, peneliti menyarankan supaya selama kehamilan,  ibu hamil  dapat mempertahankan kadar Hb lebih besar sama dengan 11,0 gr/dl melalui konsumsi makanan sumber zat besi atau suplementasi tablet tambah darah (Fe) dan disarankan bagi tenaga kesehatan, supaya lebih meningkatkan kembali kegiatan  penyuluhan tentang anemia dan pengawasan minum tablet Fe bagi ibu hamil untuk mencegah terjadinya kasus BBLR. Kata kunci: Anemia ibu hamil, BBLR        
Sugary Food and Beverages Consumption, Family History, and Primary Dysmenorrhea in Undergraduate Students, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia Raihani Ramadhan; Wahyu Kurnia Yusrin Putra; Diah Mulyawati Utari; Khoirul Anwar
Indonesian Journal of Public Health Nutrition (IJPHN) Vol 4, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.7454/ijphn.v4i1.7388

Abstract

Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological problem experienced by women of reproductive age and can interfere with daily activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and differences in the proportion of primary dysmenorrhea based on individual factors (duration of menstrual bleeding, family history, physical activity, stress) and diet (breakfast habits, frequency of saturated fat consumption, omega-3 consumption, iron consumption, frequency of consumption of dairy products, caffeine consumption, and frequency of consumption of sugary foods and beverages). This study used a cross-sectional design and involved 150 regular undergraduate students in the 2019-2022 batch of Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia who were selected with a systematic random sampling technique. Data were collected by filling out an online questionnaire and analyzed with chi square test and multiple logistic regression. Results showed that 61.3% of female students experienced primary dysmenorrhea. Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p value < 0.05) in the proportion of primary dysmenorrhea based on family history, caffeine consumption, and frequency of consumption of sugary foods and beverages. Multivariate analysis showed that the frequency of consumption of sugary foods and drinks (OR = 4.8) and family history (OR = 4.7) were the two most influencing factors associated with the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea. This study shows that the frequency of consumption of sugary foods and beverages and family history increase the risk of primary dysmenorrhea.
Kajian Kandungan Gula dan Dampak Kesehatannya pada Produk Susu Cair, Minuman Susu, dan Minuman Mengandung Susu yang Terdaftar di Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Putri Damai Lestari; Diah Mulyawati Utari
Media Kesehatan Politeknik Makassar Vol 18 No 2 (2023): Media Kesehatan
Publisher : Direktorat Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32382/medkes.v18i2.240

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Milk is the liquid secreted by female mammals such as cows, buffaloes, horses, goats, sheep and other milk-producing livestock. Indonesian FDA classifies milk into liquid milk, milk drinks and drinks containing milk. The level of milk consumption among Indonesian people is still lower than Vietnam and Malaysia. To increase milk intake, milk is added with flavors and sugar to make it more palatable. However, the added sugar content in milk causes significant contribution to daily carbohydrate and energy intake. This research aims to examine the nutritional content of sugar, lactose and sucrose in sterile milk products, namely liquid milk, milk drinks and milk-containing drink registered by Indonesia FDA. A total of 156 sterile milk products were taken as research samples and the total sugar, lactose and sucrose content as listed in the nutritional value information was assessed. Plain liquid milk has the lowest total sugar content (4.14 ± 0.91 g/100 ml), significantly different (p = 0.0005) compared to flavored milk (8.85 ± 1.35 g/100 ml), flavored milk drinks (9.04 ± 1.44 g/ 100 ml) and flavored milk-containing drinks (8.31 ± 0.97 g/100 ml). Lactose content of plain liquid milk (4.12 ± 1.32 g/100 ml), was significantly different (p = 0.0005) compared to flavored milk (3.85 ± 0.64 g/100 ml), flavored milk drinks (3.72 ± 1.05 g/100 ml) and flavored milk-containing drinks (3.09 ± 0.31 g/100 ml). sucrose content of plain liquid milk (0 g/100 ml) is significantly different because there is no addition of sucrose. Sucrose content of flavored milk (5.1 ± 1.14 g/100 ml), flavored milk drinks (5.23 ± 1.16 g/100 ml) and and flavored milk-containing drinks (4.93 ± 0.69 g/100 ml) were not significantly different (p=0.766). Due to the high intake of added sugars from flavored milk products, several policies need to be proposed to reduce added sugar intake, including the use of high-intensity sweeteners or product reformulation to reduce added sugar content.
Experiences of Indonesian nurses in improving preterm oral feeding readiness in special care units: A qualitative descriptive study Dyah Dwi Astuti; Rinawati Rohsiswatmo; Dessie Wanda; Diah Mulyawati Utari
Belitung Nursing Journal Vol. 9 No. 5 (2023): September - October
Publisher : Belitung Raya Foundation, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33546/bnj.2772

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Background: Many preterm infants face feeding difficulties during the transition from enteral to oral feeding due to organ immaturity, resulting in aspiration, airway instability, and oral feeding intolerance. These challenges can increase morbidity and mortality among preterm infants. Nurses play a vital role in providing interventions to minimize negative impacts and enhance the safety of preterm oral feeding. Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of Indonesian nurses in improving preterm oral feeding readiness. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted involving ten nurses working in intensive care units as participants through purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted from January to March 2023. Thematic analysis was applied for data analysis. Results: Four key themes developed in this study: 1) comprehensive and holistic nursing assessment, 2) challenging and complex nursing issues, 3) the need for nutritional management skills, and 4) the necessity of collaborative support. Conclusion: Nurses play a pivotal role in enhancing oral feeding readiness among premature infants. Their responsibilities include assessing oral feeding readiness, addressing nursing challenges, and implementing multidisciplinary stimulation involving parents. This study provides a foundational framework for developing interventions to improve preterm oral feeding readiness.
Literature Review : Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Status Anemia Ibu Hamil Avindharin, Pundra Dara; Utari, Diah Mulyawati
Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan Indonesia Vol 12 No 03 (2022): Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan Indonesia (Indonesian Midwifery Scientific Journal) Uni
Publisher : Q PRESS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33221/jiki.v12i03.1662

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Di Asia, prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil yaitu sekitar 48.2% (2005) meningkat pada tahun 2010 sekitar 48% dan tahun 2016 sekitar 48.1%. WHO pun telah merekomendasikan bahwa pada tahun 2025 target pengurangan prevalensi anemia menjadi 50% pada wanita dengan usia reproduktif. Hal ini sejalan dengan target SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) 2030. Anemia memiliki dampak negatif bagi ibu hamil dan bayi, yaitu abortus plasenta, preeklamsia, Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM), Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR). Hal ini tentunya berhubungan peningkatan mortalitas dan morbiditas ibu hamil dan bayi di mana menjadi penyebab utama kedua kematian ibu sekitar 12.8% dari kematian ibu karena perdarahan postpartum. Metode penelitian yaitu literature review dengan menggunakan hasil-hasil penelitian yang digunakan sejak tahun 2010-2021 mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia ibu hamil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis berbagai jurnal mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi status anemia ibu hamil. Berdasarkan hasil literature review mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi anemia ibu hamil antara lain yaitu umur, usia kehamilan, frekuensi kehamilan/gravida, jumlah kelahiran/paritas, abortus, jarak kehamilan, dan status KEK. Saran dari penelitian yaitu perlunya peningkatan edukasi dan kesadaran akan pentingnya pencegahan anemia pada ibu hamil dengan penguatan lintas program dan lintas sector.