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Muhsinun
Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Nusa Tenggara Barat
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Journal : Pure Chemistry Research

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Sintesis Karbon Aktif dari Kulit Durian dengan Aktivator HCl dan Aplikasinya sebagai Biosorben Logam Tembaga Muhsinun Muhsinun
Pure Chemistry Research Vol. 1 No. 1: Pure Chemistry Research, June 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/purechem.v1i1.268

Abstract

Utilization of biomass waste into activated carbon represents a sustainable strategy for environmental management while also providing eco-friendly functional materials. This study employs durian peel (Durio zibethinus) as the raw material for activated carbon production through carbonization at 400 °C for 2 hours, followed by chemical activation using HCl solution at varying concentrations. The resulting activated carbon was characterized based on its physical properties (moisture content, ash content, iodine adsorption capacity) as well as surface morphology using SEM. Adsorption tests for Cu²⁺ ions were conducted using the batch method under different initial concentrations and contact times. The results showed that HCl activation reduced moisture content to 4.2%, lowered ash content to 3.9%, and enhanced iodine adsorption capacity to 892 mg/g. SEM analysis revealed increased porosity with pore sizes ranging from 0.5–2.5 µm. Adsorption tests indicated an optimum uptake capacity of 40.2 mg/g with efficiency exceeding 80% at a solution concentration of 50 ppm and a contact time of 60 minutes. Adsorption data were better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.987) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² = 0.991), indicating a monolayer chemisorption-based mechanism. These findings highlight the great potential of durian peel as a low-cost, effective, and environmentally friendly source of activated carbon for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated wastewater, particularly copper ions.
Uji Potensi Karbon Aktif Berbahan Kulit Durian Sebagai Media Immobilisasi Asam Lemak Hidroksamat Muhsinun Muhsinun; Syamsul Hidayat; Emsal Yanuar
Pure Chemistry Research Vol. 1 No. 2: Pure Chemistry Research, December 2025
Publisher : Lembaga Publikasi Ilmiah Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70716/purechem.v1i2.366

Abstract

The utilization of biomass waste as a raw material for functional materials represents a sustainable approach in the development of carbon-based materials. This study aims to evaluate the potential of activated carbon derived from durian peel as a support for the immobilization of fatty hydroxamic acids. Activated carbon was synthesized through sequential stages of raw material preparation, carbonization, and chemical activation to produce a porous material with surface properties favorable for immobilization processes. The characterization results indicate the formation of a well-developed porous structure along with the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups, which play a crucial role in interactions with fatty hydroxamic acids. Fatty hydroxamic acids were synthesized from vegetable oil and employed as the target compounds in the immobilization process. Immobilization was carried out using a direct contact method between the activated carbon and the fatty hydroxamic acid solution under controlled conditions. The results demonstrate that durian peel–based activated carbon effectively immobilizes fatty hydroxamic acids through a combination of physical adsorption mechanisms and chemical interactions on the carbon surface. The immobilization efficiency obtained indicates that pore characteristics and surface functional groups of the activated carbon strongly influence its performance as an immobilization medium. Stability tests further reveal that the immobilized system exhibits satisfactory resistance to washing and repeated use. Overall, this study confirms that activated carbon derived from durian peel has significant potential as an immobilization medium for chemical compounds, while simultaneously adding value to biomass waste and supporting the development of environmentally friendly materials for chemical and environmental applications.
Co-Authors Ahmad Zuhri Rosyidi Alpi Zaidah Alpi Zaidah, Alpi Alpiana Hidayatulloh Amrullah, Lalu Arianti, Dina Asrorul Azizi ATIKA SALMAN PARIS Desimal, Iwan Emsal Yanuar Fena Prayunisa Fitriani, Esi Hendra Suryadi Hidayatulloh, Alpiana Indah Arry Pratama Irwansah Iwan Desimal Lalu Amrullah Littaqwa, Lalu Auliya Akraboe Mahariyanti, Ermila Muh. Zaini Hasanul Muttaqin MULIA RASYIDI Pratama, Indah Arry Sry Anita Rachman Sukarto Sukarto Sumardiana, Sumardiana Syamsul Hidayat Yanuar, Emsal