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Dhofir, Mochammad
Jurusan Teknik Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas Brawijaya
Education

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ARANG CANGKANG SAWIT TERHADAP RESISTANSI PENTANAHAN ELEKTRODA PELAT DENGAN INJEKSI ARUS FREKUENSI TINGGI Daniel Kristo Mula Lambok Pangaribuan; Mochammad Dhofir; Mahfudz Shidiq
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB

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ABSTRAKSistem pentanahan pada praktiknya diperuntukkan pada sistem kelistrikan agar melindungi peralatan listrik dan manusia yang berada di sekitar. Sistem pentanahan akan mencegah kejut listrik yang membahayakan peralatan dan manusia di sekitarnya dengan menghubungkannya ke tanah. Pada sistem pentanahan, kemampuan mengalirkan arus ke tanah dipengaruhi oleh besar resistansinya, semakin kecil resistansinya, semakin besar kemampuan sistem untuk mengalirkan arus ke tanah sehingga arus tidak mengalir pada peralatan. Sistem pentanahan yang baik adalah sistem pentanahan yang mempunyai nilai resistansi yang kecil. Nilai resistansi pentanahan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, yakni resistivitas tanah dan jenis, bahan, ukuran, serta konfigurasi elektroda. Untuk mencapai resistansi kecil, terdapat hal ekstrnal yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi resistansi pentanahan yakni dengan memberikan perlakuan pentanahan (soil treatment). Perlakuan pentanahan adalah perlakuan untuk merubah komposisi tanah untuk memperkecil nilai resistansi pentanahan yang dilakukan dengan penambahan zat aditif. Pada penelitian ini digunakan arang cangkang sawit sebagai zat aditif yang ditambahkan. Pada upaya perlakuan pentanahan yang dilakukan diinjeksu pula arus dengan frekuensi tinggi untuk menurunkan resistansi pentanahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan pentanahan dengan menambahkan arang cangkang sawit dan injeksi arus frekuensi tinggi terhadap nilai resistansi pentanahan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan pengukuran metode 3 titik (tegangan jatuh) dengan variasi elektroda utama berupa tiga buah elektroda pelat berbahan dasar aluminium dengan tebal 0,3 cm dan luas penampang masing-masing adalah 600 cm2 , 800 cm2 , dan 1000 cm2 . Hasil pengujian dan perhitungan didapatkan bahwa penambahan zat aditif sangat mempengaruhi penurunan nilai resistansi pentanahan sampai 63% dengan injeksi arus berfrekuensi 50000 Hz dan bersifat induktif.Kata Kunci: arang cangkang sawit, resistansi, perlakuan pentanahanABSTRACTGrounding system in practical is needed for electrical system to protect electrical equipments and user in area. Grounding system will prevent electric surge which dangerous for electrical equipment and users in are by transmit it to earth. In grounding system, capacity to transmit current to earth affected by its resistance, the smaller resistance is the more suitable to transmit current to earth so that no more current flow through the electrical equipment. A good grounding system is a grounding system which has small resistance. The value of earth resistance is affected by several factors, that are resistivity, type of soil; type, material, size, and configuration of electrode. To reach the smallest resistance, there is external thing to do for reducting earth resistance, that is by do the soil treatment. Soil treatment is a treatment for change and affecting composition of the soil to reducting earth resistance by adding additives. In this study, additives whom used is palm shell charcoal. In this experiment, for reducting earth resistance, also injected high-frequency current for reducting earth resistance. This study aim to know effect of soil treatment by adding palm shell charcoal and high-frequency current injection to the value of earth resistance. The methods used in this study is 3 points method (fall of potential) with vary the main electrode’s size with the thickness 0,3 cm and the section area are 600 cm2 , 800 cm2 , and 1000 cm2 . The study resulting that soil treatment by adding palm shell charcoal very affect the reduction of earth resistance, reach the percentage of 63% with the highfrequency current at 50000 Hz and be inductive.Keywords: Palm shell charcoal, resistance, soil treatment
ANALISIS PENGARUH KONSENTRASI GAS TETRAFLOROETANA TERHADAP DIELEKTRIK GAS NITROGEN DALAM MEDAN TINGGI DC NON-HOMOGEN Rizki Chandra Maulana; Mochammad Dhofir; Hadi Suyono
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022)
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AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh konsentrasi gas tetrafloroetana (R-134) terhadap dielektrik gas nitrogen (N2) dalam medan tinggi dc non-homogen. Pengaruh yang dianalisis yaitu kekuatan dielektrik dan nilai probabilitas tembus. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan variasi kondisi perubahan konsentrasi gas R-134, tekanan total gas campuran, dan jarak sela antar elektroda. Variasi konsentrasi gas R-134 dalam gas N2 adalah 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, dan 30% yang dihitung berdasarkan tekanan total gas campuran. Variasi tekanan total gas campuran adalah 755 mBar, 805 mBar, 855 mBar, 905 mBar, dan 955 mBar. Variasi jarak sela antara kedua elektroda adalah 2 cm dan 4 cm. Selanjutnya dilakukan simulasi distribusi dan perhitungan efisiensi medan listrik menggunakan software FEMM 4.2, sehingga dapat dilakukan perhitungan nilai kekuatan dielektrik. Kemudian dilakukan penentuan nilai probabilitas melalui perhitungan fungsi distribusi kumulatif pada 50 hasil pengujian tembus. Penentuan nilai probabilitas dilakukan pada kondisi variasi konsentrasi gas R-134 dalam gas N2 sebesar 0% dan 30%, tekanan total gas campuran 955 mBar, serta jarak sela 2 cm dan 4 cm. Melalui nilai fungsi distribusi kumulatif pada setiap pengujian, didapatkan probabilitas tembus Ud−5, Ud−50, dan Ud−95 serta dapat digambarkan grafik probabilitas tembus terhadap tegangan tembus. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu semakin besar nilai konsentrasi gas R-134 yang diberikan, maka semakin meningkat pula nilai kekuatan dielektriknya. Pada konsentrasi gas R-134 yang sama, peningkatan tekanan total gas campuran dan nilai jarak sela juga menyebabkan peningkatan pada nilai kekuatan dielektrik. Selain itu, adanya konsentrasi gas R-134 juga mampu meningkatkan nilai probabilitas tembus dielektrik gas campuran.Kata kunci: isolator gas, kekuatan dielektrik, nitrogen, probabilitas tembus, tetrafloroetana.AbstractThis study discusses the effect of the gas concentration of tetrafluoroethane (R-134) on the dielectric of nitrogen gas (N2) in a non-homogeneous dc high field. The influence analyzed is the dielectric strength and the probability of penetration. This research was carried out using variations in the condition of changes in the concentration of R-134 gas, the total pressure of the mixed gas, and the distance between the electrodes. Variations in the concentration of R-134 gas in N2 gas are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% which are calculated based on the total pressure of the mixed gas. The variations in the total pressure of the mixed gas are 755 mBar, 805 mBar, 855 mBar, 905 mBar, and 955 mBar. The variation of the gap between the two electrodes is 2 cm and 4 cm. Furthermore, distribution simulations and calculations of electric field efficiency were carried out using FEMM 4.2 software, so that the dielectric strength values could be calculated. Then the probability value is determined through the calculation of the cumulative distribution function on 50 test results. Determination of the probability value is carried out under conditions of variations in the concentration of R-134 gas in N2 gas of 0% and 30%, the total pressure of the mixed gas is 955 mBar, and the distance between 2 cm and 4 cm. Through the value of the cumulative distribution function in each test, the breakdown probabilities are Ud−5, Ud−50, and Ud−95, and a graph of the breakdown probability against breakdown voltage can be drawn. The results obtained in this study are the greater the concentration of gas R-134 given, the higher the value of the dielectric strength. At the same concentration of R-134 gas, an increase in the total pressure of the mixed gas and the value of the gap also causes an increase in the value of the dielectric strength. In addition, the presence of a gas concentration of R-134 is also able to increase the probability of penetrating the mixed gas dielectric.Keywords: breakdown probability, dielectric strength, gas insulator, nitrogen, tetrafluoroethane
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ARANG TEMPURUNG KELAPA DENGAN INJEKSI FREKUENSI TINGGI TERHADAP KINERJA ELEKTRODA PELAT Affan Rafli Andriansyah; Mochammad Dhofir; Tri Nurwati
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 5 (2022)
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The development of power systems in modern times places more demands on the safety, stability of power system operations. The grounding system is very important to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system to ensure the safety of people and the devices contained in a system when a fault occurs. This disturbance occurs when there is a short circuit current and fault current from lightning. Therefore, a system is needed to secure humans and electrical devices, namely a grounding system. Grounding system is a conductor connection system that connects systems, equipment bodies, and installations with earth/ground so as to protect humans and installations from the danger of abnormal currents. A good grounding system has a small resistance value. The resistance value is influenced by several factors, namely, the dimensions of the electrodes used, the configuration of the grounding system, the shape of the current and the frequency that flows, the chemical content of the soil. Soil treatment is one way to change the chemical composition of the soil by adding additives. In this study, an additive in the form of coconut shell charcoal was used and was given a high-frequency current injection with a range of 50-50kHz on plate type electrodes in vertical and horizontal planting configurations. The method used in this study is to use the 3 point method. The test results showed that the addition of coconut shell charcoal and the injection of high-frequency current affected the value of the real grounding impedance (resistance) in each planting configuration. The smallest real impedance value (resistance) obtained is when the grounding electrode is planted in a horizontal position and a 50kHz current is injected. When the electrode is injected a high frequency current indicates that the electrode is inductive while at the time the low frequency current is injected it is capacitive. Overall the value of real impedance (resistance) that can be reduced in each planting configuration is 20.98% to 49.79%.Keywords : Charcoal, Grounding, Impedance, Coconut Shell, Frequency
PENGARUH BOMBARDIR PARTIKEL BERMUATAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK PLAT ALUMINIUM DENGAN DIELEKTRIK GAS TETRAFLUOROETANA DALAM MEDAN TINGGI DC NON-HOMOGEN Ibnu Sabilli; Mochammad Dhofir; Mahfudz Shidiq
Jurnal Mahasiswa TEUB Vol. 10 No. 5 (2022)
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In this study, positive ions were generated from the gas ionization process of tetrafluoroethane (R134a) using a high electric field. The high field is generated at the plate needle electrode array in a gas environment of tetrafluoroethane. The highest field occurs at the needle tip and the ionization process occurs around the needle tip. Each ionization of tetrafluoroethane gas produces one electron and one positive ion. To bombard the plate electrode, positive ions must move from the tip of the needle to the plate electrode. The needle electrode must be supplied with DC voltage of positive polarity while the plate electrode is grounded. The results showed that the positive ion bombardier effect on the physical charactertistic of the aluminum plate depended on the value of the kinetic energy of the ions when it hits the surface of the plate. The longer the free path of the positive ion, the greater the speed and kinetic energy of the ion when it strikes the plate electrode.Keywords – aluminum plate, ion bombardment, positive ion, tetraflouroethane
Co-Authors Affan Rafli Andriansyah Agung Firmansyah Sunardi Ahmad Fadly Irawan Ahmad Nahla Rialdi Ahmad Reza Yahya Akhmad Hasim Albin Adyaksa Sabil Aldian Eka Fitranto Aldo Julian Hastono Alif Rahmatullah Umar Amadea, Cinta Hanifa Andreas Parningotan S. Andrian Dwiputro Arbi Ramadhan Arifin Surya Winarto Ashydiq Chenny Saputra Atika Rahma Hadiana Avif Septian Imandyan Ayu Puspitasari Bagus Ibnu Pratama Bimo Ardiansyah Bobby Hertanto Boby Satriya Nugraha Bryan Malvin Candra Mebby Oka Charis Majid Teguh P. Danang Aji Nugroho Dandhi Tri Laksono Daniel Kristo Mula Lambok Pangaribuan Desinta Ayu Woro H. Devanda Antonius Y. R. Dimas Hariyo Kuncoro Dini Rizkita Sari Epprylia Prima Maimunawati Erya Septy Dwi Wardhani Firmansyah Putra Satria Galuh Indra Permadi Habriansyah Basta Nugraha Hakim, Luqman Harry Soekotjo Dachlan Hery Purnomo I Wayan Ari Mahendra Ibnu Sabilli Idham Budi Satria Ignatius Agung Pratama Ihza Aulia Rahman Iksan , Santoso Ilham Ismail Mochsen Imam Sabilil Haque Jovie Trias Agung Nugroho Kresna Sukma Dewangga Lita Farahdiba M. Iqbal Bayhaqi Fauzi Mahfudz Shidiq Maulana Akhtar Khaqqi Maulana Rahmat Ramadhani Maulani Candra Mochammad Muchlis Triwahyudi Mohamad Adif Muhammad Ghufron Auliya Rahman Mukti Ayu Nur Vitasari n/a Dammegi n/a Firohman n/a Soemarwanto n/a Wijono Nadhea Primasetya Nudira, Rizar Nur Subhan Nurizza Salsa Alafia Pegy Lestari Priya Surya Harijanto Putra Adi Dharma Utama Rahmadwati, n/a Refli Maulana Resi Ratnasari Rezki Awalia Novianti Harun Ridho Darmawan Rini Nur Hasanah Rize Taufiq Ramadhan Rizki Chandra Maulana Singgih Andi Rubiyanto Sipa Peberina Ginting Suyono, Hadi Taufik Adi Nugroho Teguh Utomo Thoriq Kamal Septianhasri Timbul Mulia Tri Nurwati Unggul Wibawa Wicaksono, Angga Dwiki Wiken Cahyo Pambudi Yoga Prasetya Yukovany Zhulkarnaen Yusri Bakhtiar Zamrud Kurnia Prasetyo