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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Geography Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Media Komunikasi Geografi Jurnal Geografi : Media Informasi Pengembangan dan Profesi Kegeografian Majalah Geografi Indonesia IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Jurnal RISET Geologi dan Pertambangan Forum Geografi MAJALAH ILMIAH GLOBE JAGAT (Jurnal Geografi Aplikasi dan Teknologi) Jurnal Geografi Lingkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments) Journal of Informatics, Information System, Software Engineering and Applications (INISTA) Jurnal Geografi LIngkungan Tropik (Journal of Geography of Tropical Environments)
Danang Sri Hadmoko
Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Engineering Environmental Science Social Sciences Other

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Learning from the past: Vulnerability analysis and cascading hazard classification of the three major volcanic eruptions in Indonesia Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul; Hadmoko, Danang Sri; Rachmadan, Firdaus Alif; Pratiwi, Dinda; Hermawan, Hannan Revi; Hayat, Dimas Maula; Laksono, Agung; Wibisono, Hafidz; Handayani, Tiara
Indonesian Journal of Geography Vol 57, No 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Geography
Publisher : Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijg.102139

Abstract

This research addresses a significant gap in understanding the social impacts of three major volcanic eruptions in Indonesia: Samalas in 1257, Tambora in 1815, and Krakatau in 1883. While these events have been widely studied in geological and volcanic contexts, their societal impacts and the associated cascading hazards have not been thoroughly compared. Utilizing historical documents that reflect societal memories, including Babad Lombok, Babad Sembalun, Babad Suwung, Syair Kerajaan Bima, and Syair Lampung Karam alongside records from the Dutch East Indies period, this study investigates the community responses and impacts of these catastrophic events. The findings reveal that all documented social memories articulate the communities' reactions and the resultant consequences of these eruptions. Additionally, geological and volcanological data from prior studies were employed to describe the characteristics of past vulnerabilities. Notably, Samalas exhibited the longest recovery process, whereas Krakatau resulted in the highest number of casualties due to its cascading hazards. All events are categorized within the M4 scale of cascading hazards, emphasizing the complexity of these disasters. This research offers critical insights into Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) programs, highlighting the necessity of integrating historical social memory into modern risk management strategies. By understanding past community responses, DRR initiatives can better prepare for future volcanic events, ensuring a more resilient society. Received: 2024-12-03 Revised: 2025-04-30 Accepted: 2025-08-06 Published: 2025-08-20  
Co-Authors Aditya Saputra Agniy, Romza Fauzan Ahmad Cahyadi **) Ahmad Hidayat Alvyntha Glaudia Ardianingrum Andi Dharmawan Andung Bayu Sekaranom Asrofi, Akhmad Astabella, Relinda Dewi Bambang Sukatja, Bambang Christopher Gomez, Christopher Danang Eko Nuryanto Daryono, D Erwin Eko Wahyudi Estuning Tyas Wulan Mei Estuning yas Wulan Mei Ferad Puturuhu Franck Lavigne, Franck Handayani, Tiara Hayat, Dimas Maula Hermawan, Hannan Revi Hizbaron, Dyah R. Jean-Claude Thouret, Jean-Claude Junun Sartohadi Kurniawan, Verry Octa Laksono, Agung Lutfhi Muta’ali Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul Mardiyanto, Mardiyanto Muh Aris Marfai Muh. Aris Marfai Muhammad Auzan Mutaqin, Bachtiar Wahyu Nanang Susyanto Nanette Kingma Nugroho, Eko Setya Prakosa, Sigit Hadi Pratiwi, Dinda Pratiwi, Elok Surya Projo Danoedoro Putra, Mega Dharma Rachmadan, Firdaus Alif Ramlah Ramlah Samodra Wibawa Samodra, Guruh Sasongko, Mohamad Haviz Damar Setiawan, M. Anggri Setyawan, Nicky Sri Rum Giyarsih Sudibyakto Sudibyakto Suratman Suratman Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Syarifah Aini Dalimunthe, Syarifah Aini Tiara Handayani Verry Octa Kurniawan Westen, Cees van Wibisono, Hafidz Widagdo, Brianardi Yoga, Aldhila Gusta H. Zayinul Farhi