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Role of Fasting on Enteroendokrin Cell Remodelling to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Harapan, Harapan; Fitri Jamil, Kurnia; Hayati, Zinatul; Muhammad, Iqbal
The Journal of The Indonesian Medical Students Association Vol. I No. 01 January - June 2010
Publisher : The Journal of The Indonesian Medical Students Association

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Hitherto, there was no study dedicated to analyze the effect of fasting associated enteroendocrine (EE) cell population remodelling on type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention. This article aimed at discussing the molecular and cellular mechanisms of fasting associated EE cell remodelling to type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention and estimating its effectiveness. It was shown that fasting could inhibit EE cell hyperplasia, thus decreased glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) production from K and L cells. Both hormones caused hyperinsulinemia -via enteroinsular axis- and obesity when they interacted with their respective receptors GIPR and GLP-1R in pancreatic beta cell and adipocyte. This would cause insulin resistance through PI-3 kinase and Cb1. Thus, the levels of GIP and GLP-1 are diabetic predisposition factors. Another study also revealed that EE cell remodelling due to fasting had effective target site on type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention - and was also more superior than GIP and GLP-1 analogs.ÃÂ Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, fasting, enteroendocrine cell, GIP, GLP-1

Ekspresi Fenotipe dan Distribusi Serotipe Streptokokus Grup B Isolat dari Ibu Hamil dengan Komplikasi Obstetri Hayati, Zinatul
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 20, No 1 (2012): JANUARI - APRIL 2012
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Streptokokus Grup B (SGB) adalah penyebab utama infeksi serius padaneonatus yang dapat menyebabkan pneumonia, septikemia dan meningitisneonatal. Komplikasi obstetri merupakan faktor resiko penting timbulnyainsidensi infeksi neonatal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahuiekspresi fenotipe dan distribisi serotipe SGB yang diisolasi dari penderitakomplikasi obstetri. Identifikasi bakteri dilakukan dengan uji CAMP dan ujiserologis melalui teknik imunodifusi menggunakan serum spesifik terhadapSGB. Streptokokus Grup B dapat diisolasi sebanyak 10 isolat dari 38 kasuspenderita komplikasi obstetri (26,32%). Hasil karakterisasi fenotipe dari 10isolat SGB yang diperoleh, 90% isolat tumbuh keruh pada media cair danmemperlihatkan bentuk koloni yang difus pada soft-agar. Streptokokus Grup Byang tumbuh keruh dan koloni difus mengekspresikan karakter hidrofilik padasalt aggregation test (SAT). Sebaliknya satu isolat SGB lainnya tumbuh dengansupernatan yang jernih dan sedimen di dasar tabung media cair, bentuk kolonipada soft-agar terlihat kompak dan memiliki karakter hidrofobik. Hasilpenentuan serotype diperoleh distribusi serotipe SGB adalah tipe VI (40%), VII(30%), III (20%) dan VIII (10%). Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwaSGB yang diisolasi dari penderita komplikasi obstetri umumnya memilikivirulensi yang tinggi karena mengekspresikan keberadaan kapsul yang dominanpada permukaan selnya.

Pola dan Sensitivitas Antibiotik Bakteri Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Penyebab Infeksi Nosokomial di Ruang Rawat Bedah RSUDZA Banda Aceh Hayati, Zinatul; Azwar, Azwar; Puspita, Ira
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 20, No 3 (2012): SEPTEMBER - DESEMBER 2012
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Infeksi Nosokomial masih menjadi masalah serius di rumah sakit baik di Indonesia maupun di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola bakteri dan sensitivitasnya terhadap antibiotik serta sumber penularan yang berpotensi sebagai penyebab infeksi nosokomial di Ruang Rawat Bedah RSUDZA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif melalui metode observasional laboratorium. Sampel penelitian diambil dari Ruang Rawat Bedah RSUDZA berupa spesimen yang terdiri dari usap tangan/hidung/luka pasien, tangan/hidung tenaga kesehatan, peralatan, mobiler ruangan dan udara ruangan. Spesimen yang diperoleh dilakukan kultur dan uji sensitivitas antibiotik di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik RSUDZA. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 64spesimenyang diperoleh, 36 spesimen(56,25%) diantaranya terisolasi bakteri sebanyak 38 isolat, sementara 28 spesimen (43,75%) lainnya steril. Hasil identifikasi dari 38 isolat bakteri ditemukan bakteri patogen sebanyak 10 isolat (26,31%) dan non patogen sebanyak 28 isolat (76,32%). Pola kuman patogen yang berpotensi sebagai penyebab infeksi nosokomial di Ruang Rawat Bedah RSUDZA terbanyak adalah Staphylococcus aureus (70%), diikuti P. aeruginosa, E. coli danAcinetobacter sp. masing-masing 10%. Sumber penularan terbanyak yang berpotensimenyebabkan infeksi nosokomial adalah mobiler ruangan, kemudian diikuti dengan pasien dan tenaga kesehatan. Staphylococcus aureus masih sensitif terhadap vankomycin dan clindamycin masing-masing sebesar 100% dan 85,71%, namun demikian semuanya telah resisten terhadap oxacillin sehingga bakteri ini digolongkan ke dalam MRSA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa hanya sensitif terhadap meropenem sehingga digolongkan ke dalam bakteri penghasil ESBL. Escherichia coli masih sensitif terhadap antibiotik golongan cephalosporin, fluoroquinolon dan meropenem sedangkan Acinetobacter sp sudah resisten terhadapantibiotik golongan cephalosporin, fluoroquinolon dan meropenemnamun masih sensitif terhadap gentamisin dan tobramisin. Infeksi Nosokomial masih menjadi masalah serius di rumah sakit baik diIndonesia maupun di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui polabakteri dan sensitivitasnya terhadap antibiotik serta sumber penularan yangberpotensi sebagai penyebab infeksi nosokomial di Ruang Rawat BedahRSUDZA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif melalui metodeobservasional laboratorium. Sampel penelitian diambil dari Ruang Rawat BedahRSUDZA berupa spesimen yang terdiri dari usap tangan/hidung/luka pasien,tangan/hidung tenaga kesehatan, peralatan, mobiler ruangan dan udararuangan. Spesimen yang diperoleh dilakukan kultur dan uji sensitivitasantibiotik di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik RSUDZA. Data dianalisissecara deskriptif dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Hasilpenelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 64spesimenyang diperoleh, 36 spesimen(56,25%) diantaranya terisolasi bakteri sebanyak 38 isolat, sementara 28spesimen (43,75%) lainnya steril. Hasil identifikasi dari 38 isolat bakteriditemukan bakteri patogen sebanyak 10 isolat (26,31%) dan non patogensebanyak 28 isolat (76,32%). Pola kuman patogen yang berpotensi sebagaipenyebab infeksi nosokomial di Ruang Rawat Bedah RSUDZA terbanyak adalahStaphylococcus aureus (70%), diikuti P. aeruginosa, E. coli danAcinetobactersp. masing-masing 10%. Sumber penularan terbanyak yang berpotensimenyebabkan infeksi nosokomial adalah mobiler ruangan, kemudian diikutidengan pasien dan tenaga kesehatan. Staphylococcus aureus masih sensitifterhadap vankomycin dan clindamycin masing-masing sebesar 100% dan85,71%, namun demikian semuanya telah resisten terhadap oxacillin sehinggabakteri ini digolongkan ke dalam MRSA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa hanyasensitif terhadap meropenem sehingga digolongkan ke dalam bakteri penghasilESBL. Escherichia coli masih sensitif terhadap antibiotik golongancephalosporin, fluoroquinolon dan meropenem sedangkan Acinetobacter spsudah resisten terhadapantibiotik golongan cephalosporin, fluoroquinolon danmeropenemnamun masih sensitif terhadap gentamisin dan tobramisin.

Infeksi Streptokokus Grup B (SGB) pada Ibu Hamil dan Neonatus: Diagnosis dan Pencegahan Hayati, Zinatul
Jurnal Kedokteran YARSI Vol 18, No 1 (2010): JANUARI - APRIL 2010
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian Universitas YARSI

Streptokokus Grup B (SGB) merupakan penyebab penting infeksi yang serius pada neonatus antara lain menyebabkan pneumonia, septikemia dan meningitis neonatal. Infeksi neonatal SGB menjadi penyebab utama kematian pada bayi baru lahir dan lebih dari 6000 kasus infeksi ini terjadi di Amerika Serikat setiap tahunnya. Bakteri ini umumnya diperoleh bayi melalui transmisi vertikal dari ibunya baik in utero maupun ketika ia melewati jalan lahir. Angka kejadian infeksi SGB pada neonatus mencapai 1/1000 kelahiran hidup. Insidensi SGB pada wanita hamil sehat di dalam negeri dilaporkan sebanyak 10,09%. Sedangkan pada keadaan komplikasi obstetri insidensinya mencapai 24,6%. Sementara itu prevalensi kolonisasi asimtomatik SGB pada ibu hamil di Luar Negeri antara lain dilaporkan di Israel 5,4%; Arab 1,6%; Jerman 3,8%; Italia 7,5% dan di Inggris sebanyak 28%. Bahan pemeriksaan yang dapat diambil untuk mengisolasi bakteri SGB pada neonatus adalah darah, cairan serebrospinal, trakhea dan lain-lain. Preidentifikasi bakteri dapat dilakukan dengan uji Christie, Atkins and Munch Petersen (CAMP). Identifikasi definitip dapat dideteksi berdasarkan antigen dinding sel spesifik-grup B melalui uji serologi. Pemeriksaan tambahan dapat dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan jumlah darah komplit, level C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, uji antigen. Pemeriksaan radiografi paru dilakukan untuk mendiagnosa adanya pneumonia. Pencegahan dengan kemoprofilaksis intrapartum (intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis/IAP) yang telah direkomendasikan oleh American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) dan Central for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) pada tahun 1996 adalah pemberian ampisilin atau penisilin G intravena intrapartum.

PETA DISTRIBUSI DAN RESISTENSI ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII DARI SPESIMEN KLINIK DI RSUD DR. ZAINOEL ABIDIN TAHUN 2018 Mahdani, Wilda; Hayati, Zinatul; Yusriadi, Teuku
AVERROUS: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Malikussaleh Averrous, Vol. 6: No. 1 (Mei, 2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malikussaleh

Kemampuan hidup Acinetobacter baumannii pada berbagai keadaan dikombinasikan dengan resistensi berkaitan erat dengan Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs). Kemunculan strain resisten telah banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional deskriptif. Pemeriksaan spesimen klinik dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. Isolat Acinetobacter baumannii dikumpulkan, dilakukan uji kepekaan serta dinilai tingkat resistensinya. Angka insidensi Acinetobacter baumannii adalah 4,6% yang dominan terisolasi dari spesimen sputum. Strain resisten sangat umum dijumpai pada ruang rawat intensif, ruangan non intensif memiliki lebih banyak strain susceptible. Strain MDR menunjukkan kepekaan terhadap amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tobramycin, ampicillin-sulbactam, dan meropenem. Acinetobacter baumannii strain XDR hanya menunjukkan kepekaan yang masih baik terhadap amikacin. Data epidemiologi resistensi antibiotik adalah komponen utama Program Pengendalian Resistensi Antibiotik di rumah sakit

PETA DISTRIBUSI DAN RESISTENSI ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII DARI SPESIMEN KLINIK DI RSUD DR. ZAINOEL ABIDIN TAHUN 2018 Mahdani, Wilda; Hayati, Zinatul; Yusriadi, Teuku
AVERROUS: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Malikussaleh Averrous, Vol. 6: No. 1 (Mei, 2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/averrous.v6i1.2666

Kemampuan hidup Acinetobacter baumannii pada berbagai keadaan dikombinasikan dengan resistensi berkaitan erat dengan Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs). Kemunculan strain resisten telah banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional deskriptif. Pemeriksaan spesimen klinik dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik RSUD dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh. Isolat Acinetobacter baumannii dikumpulkan, dilakukan uji kepekaan serta dinilai tingkat resistensinya. Angka insidensi Acinetobacter baumannii adalah 4,6% yang dominan terisolasi dari spesimen sputum. Strain resisten sangat umum dijumpai pada ruang rawat intensif, ruangan non intensif memiliki lebih banyak strain susceptible. Strain MDR menunjukkan kepekaan terhadap amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tobramycin, ampicillin-sulbactam, dan meropenem. Acinetobacter baumannii strain XDR hanya menunjukkan kepekaan yang masih baik terhadap amikacin. Data epidemiologi resistensi antibiotik adalah komponen utama Program Pengendalian Resistensi Antibiotik di rumah sakit.

The effect of ethanol extracts of pegagan (Centela asiatica) urban in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae that caused pneumonia Zinatul Hayati; Noratul Hafdhah; . Junaidi
Proceedings of The Annual International Conference, Syiah Kuala University - Life Sciences & Engineering Chapter Vol 3, No 3 (2013): Addendum
Publisher : Syiah Kuala University

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Pegagan (Centela asiatica [L] Urban) contains alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, triterpenoid and tannin that have antibacterial activity. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are most common of bacteria that cause pneumonia. This study conducted t odetermine the effect of ethanol extracts of pegagan in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and K. pneumoniae that caused pneumonia. The type of this study is a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD). Testing of inhibitory growth effect was measured by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of pegagan at 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 75% concentrations formed inhibition zones on the growth of S. aureus, on average respectively of 7.00 mm, 9.20 mm, 13.20 mm, and 14.50 mm, whereas on the growth of K. pneumoniae, it didn’t form any inhibition zone. The results of ANOVA and Duncan (α=1%) tests showed that ethanol extracts of pegagan at all concentrations made a significant difference in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus compared to negative and positive control. The ability of ethanol extracts of pegagan to inhibit the growth of S. aureus at 12.5% and 25% concentrations categorized as no inhibitory growth effect, whereas 50% and 75% concentrations categorized as weak inhibitory growth effect. While the ethanol extracts of pegagan at all concentrations of the tests categorized as no inhibitory growth effect for K. pneumoniae. It can be concluded that ethanol extracts of pegagan inhibit the growth of S. aureus, but do not inhibit the growth of K. pneumoniae.

The ability of IgY to recognize surface proteins of Streptococcus mutans Basri A. Gani; Santi Chismirina; Zinatul Hayati; Endang Winiati B; Boy M. Bachtiar; I. Wayan T. Wibawan
Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Vol. 42 No. 4 (2009): December 2009
Publisher : Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga https://fkg.unair.ac.id/en

Background: Streptococcus mutans are gram positive bacteria classified into viridians group, and have a role in pathogenesis of dental caries. It’s adhesion to the tooth surface is mediated by cell surface proteins, which interact with specific receptor located in tooth pellicle. Glucan binding protein, Glukosyltransferase, and antigen I/II are basic proteins of S. mutans, which have a role in initiating the interaction. A previous study showed that chicken’s IgY can interfere the interaction. Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the ability of IgY in recognizing the surface molecule of Streptococcus mutans expressed by various serotypes (c, d, e, f) and a strain derived from IPB, Bogor. Method: Western blot was used as a method to determine such capability. Result: The result showed that IgY has a potency to recognize antigen I/II, but not the other proteins on the cell surface of all bacteria tested. Conclusion: The ability of IgY to bind the surface protein, antigen I/II, indicates that this avian antibody could be used as a candidate for anti-adhesion in preventing dental caries.

Quantity of antibiotic use and its association with clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A snapshot from a provincial referral hospital in Indonesia Yossadania, Asyriva; Hayati, Zinatul; Harapan, Harapan; Saputra, Irwan; Mudatsir, Mudatsir; Diah, Muhammad; Ramadhana, Ika F.
Narra J Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i3.272

Irrational antibiotic use in Indonesia is considered high, yet there are still lacks reliable information regarding the issue. The quantity of antibiotic use studies, in particular during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, was not well reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients at a province referral hospital in Aceh, Indonesia, Dr Zainoel Abidin Hospital, and to assess the association between antibiotic use and COVID-19 clinical outcomes. The defined daily dose (DDD) method was used and expressed in DDDs per 100 patient-days as in hospital setting. The data were obtained from inpatient confirmed COVID-19 patients between March 2020 and December 2021. A logistic regression was used to determine the association between patients’ characteristics and antibiotic usage with clinical outcomes. A total of 361 treated COVID-19 patients were included using a random sampling technique and analyzed. Out of 361 patients, 89.2% of them were treated with antibiotic(s). All the antibiotics were given empirically except for cefazoline (5.5%) that was used as prophylaxis to obstetric patients who underwent the c-section. Azithromycin was the most prescribed antibiotic and levofloxacin had the highest DDD. Our data suggested that there was no association between antibiotic use and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients (p=0.128). Having sepsis and another pulmonary disease however were associated with mortality of COVID-19 patients with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 14.14; 95%CI 2.94–67.90, p=0.001 and aOR 8.64; 95%CI 3.30–22.63, p<0.001, respectively. In addition, patients older than 60-year-old had a higher chance to an unfavorable outcome compared to those younger than 30-year-old, aOR: 7.61; 95%CI: 1.07–53.94. In conclusion, the use of antibiotics is prevalent among COVID-19 and it is not directly associated with clinical outcomes.

The Role of Gut Microbiota-derived Tryptophan Metabolites in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection: A Mini-Review Maulina, Novi; Hayati, Zinatul; Hasballah, Kartini; Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain; Zulkifli, Baidillah
The International Journal of Tropical Veterinary and Biomedical Research Vol 7, No 2 (2022): Vol. 7 (2) November 2022
Publisher : The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21157/ijtvbr.v7i2.30165

The gut microbiota has a major contribution in human physiology and influences disease pathogenesis, including in tuberculosis (TB) lung infection. Gut-lung axis has demonstrated the interplay of these two organs, mediated by metabolites produced by the gut microbes or derived from host molecules transformation. Tryptophan (Trp) is one of the essential aromatic amino acids catabolized as kynurenine, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), and indole derivatives, including indole propionic acid (IPA), via 3 pathways. The latter was microbiota-derived Trp catabolism, which has known to have an immunomodulatory role, as ligands for Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR). Intriguingly,Mycobacterium tuberculosisrequired Trp as a nitrogen source, especially in CD4+ T cells-generated stress, to survive in the phagosome of macrophage and to cause disease. Recently, IPA is identified as a new anti-mycobacterial compound, which is specific and has broad spectrum of anti-mycobacterial activity. The structural similarity of this gut microbiota-derived metabolite and Trp allows IPA to inhibit the TrpE anthranilate synthase in Trp biosynthesis pathway in Mtb. In this review, wesummarize findings from recent work by focusing on the role of Trp metabolites in host cells in TB infection.A better understanding of this chemical signal could potentially serve as a novel strategy for managing this chronic inflammatory disease.

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