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Antimicrobial Activity Test of Methanol Extract of Sygyzium cordatums Leaves on Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Using Kirby-Bauer Method Ardhuha, Fadhlan; Harapan, Harapan
The Journal of The Indonesian Medical Students Association Vol. I No. 01 January - June 2010
Publisher : The Journal of The Indonesian Medical Students Association

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Abstract

A research for determining antimicrobial activity from leaf extract of Syzygium cordatum to E. coli dan S. aureus has been conducted. This research was based on Kirby-Bauer method by using BHIB media and MHA agar. Five hundred gram of sample was dried then extracted with 1 litre methanol. The methanol extract obtained was evaporated with water bath at 50oC. Furthermore, antimicrobial activity test for E. coli and S. aureus was done in different concentration: 60%, 30%, 15%, and 7,5%. Inhibition activity of leaf extract of S. cordatum to S. aureus in 60% concentration is 16,5 mm. In concentration of 30%, 15%, and 7,5%, the inhibition activity for S. aureus were 14.5 mm, 13,5 mm, and 11 mm. Inhibition activity for positive control (Chloramphenicol) is 24,5 mm for E. coli and S. aureus. No inhibition activity was shown in negative control (methanol) for E. coli and S. aureus. There was no inhibition activity of leaf extract of S. cordatum for E. coli. In conclusion, leaf extract of S. cordatum have antimicrobial activity for S. aureus but not for E. coli. Furthermore, a research to identify this component have to be conducted. Key words: Antimicrobial, Sygyzium cordatum, Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli, Kirby-Bauer method
Role of Fasting on Enteroendokrin Cell Remodelling to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Harapan, Harapan; Fitri Jamil, Kurnia; Hayati, Zinatul; Muhammad, Iqbal
The Journal of The Indonesian Medical Students Association Vol. I No. 01 January - June 2010
Publisher : The Journal of The Indonesian Medical Students Association

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Hitherto, there was no study dedicated to analyze the effect of fasting associated enteroendocrine (EE) cell population remodelling on type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention. This article aimed at discussing the molecular and cellular mechanisms of fasting associated EE cell remodelling to type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention and estimating its effectiveness. It was shown that fasting could inhibit EE cell hyperplasia, thus decreased glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) production from K and L cells. Both hormones caused hyperinsulinemia -via enteroinsular axis- and obesity when they interacted with their respective receptors GIPR and GLP-1R in pancreatic beta cell and adipocyte. This would cause insulin resistance through PI-3 kinase and Cb1. Thus, the levels of GIP and GLP-1 are diabetic predisposition factors. Another study also revealed that EE cell remodelling due to fasting had effective target site on type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention - and was also more superior than GIP and GLP-1 analogs. Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, fasting, enteroendocrine cell, GIP, GLP-1
Disruption of childhood vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia Fahriani, Marhami; Anwar, Samsul; Yufika, Amanda; Bakhtiar, Bakhtiar; Wardani, Elly; Winardi, Wira; Akel, Kaitlyn B.; Wagner, Abram L.; Harapan, Harapan
Narra J Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narraj.v1i1.7

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of childhood vaccination disruption and to determine the predictors of delaying childhood vaccinations during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among Indonesian parents. We conducted a nationwide, online, cross-sectional study. A set of questionnaires assessed the disruption of childhood vaccinations and possible explanatory variables, including demographic characteristics, current underlying disease, exposure to and confidence in COVID-19 information, perceived risk, attitude and practice on vaccination, and COVID-19 prevention practice. A multivariable linear regression was used to characterize the relationship between explanatory variables and delayed childhood vaccination. We included 1137 respondents for analysis, of which 52.6% were males and 58.4% participants aged between 31 and 50-years old. Disruption of childhood vaccination service in local health facilities was reported in 42.2% (480/1137) of respondents and 13.3% (193/1137) of respondents explained that their children could not be vaccinated because a healthcare facility temporary stopped the vaccination service. Of all respondents, 312 (27.4%) delayed vaccinating their children for a compulsory vaccination shot. Factors associated with higher odds of delaying compulsory vaccinations for children were employment and chronic disease status, flu vaccination status in the past year, and prior COVID-19 infection. In conclusion, there was a significant disruption of childhood vaccination practices in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is not only due to healthcare closures but also due to parents’ practice - delaying the compulsory childhood vaccination for their children. We urge the government to strengthen strategies to ensure childhood vaccination services are available to all children in the country during a pandemic.
Narra J Co-Editor-in-Chief is awarded as Highly Cited Researcher (HCR) 2021 Harapan, Harapan; Wagner, Abram L.
Narra J Vol. 1 No. 3 (2021): December 2021
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v1i3.67

Abstract

We acknowledge and congratulate Narra J Co-Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Kuldeep Dhama, as Highly Cited Researcher (HCR) 2021 by Clarivate. Dr. Kuldeep Dhama, is a Principal Scientist at ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute in Izatnagar, India. He is a NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Science, India) Associate, Fellow-Royal Society of Medicine (FRSM), UK, and has worked as Nodal Officer, WTO, and a member of Wildlife Health Specialist Group (IUCN). His research and teaching experience cover microbiology, immunology, virology, public health, medicine, and biomedicine. He is actively serving as Editor-in-Chief, Co-Editor-in-Chief, Editor, Associate Editor, Guest Editor and Member of Editorial Board for more than 15 scientific journals. Dr. Kuldeep Dhama role as Co-Editor-in-Chief of Narra J will enhance the quality of the Narra J one of the reputable journals in the near future. In his 27 years of research experience, he has published not only a great quantity of research (over 578 research publications indexed in Scopus with h-index of 50), but has published in highly respected journals such as Nature. Congratulations on an impactful career!
Acute severe hepatitis of unknown etiology in children: A mini-review Frediansyah, Andri; Sallam, Malik; Yufika, Amanda; Sharun, Khan; Iqhrammullah, Muhammad; Chandran, Deepak; Mamada, Sukamto S.; Sallam, Dina E.; Khader, Yousef; Lemu, Yohannes K.; Yusuf, Fauzi; Kretchy, James-Paul; Abdeen, Ziad; Torres-Roman, J. Smith; Acharya, Yogesh; Bondarenko, Anastasia; Ikram, Aamer; Jamil, Kurnia F.; Kotfis, Katarzyna; Koyanagi, Ai; Smith, Lee; Megawati, Dewi; Rademaker, Marius; Emran, Talha B.; Memish, Ziad A.; Vento, Sandro; Nainu, Firzan; Harapan, Harapan
Narra J Vol. 2 No. 2 (2022): August 2022
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v2i2.83

Abstract

The emergence of acute, severe non hepA–E hepatitis of unknown etiology (ASHUE) has attracted global concern owing to the very young age of the patients and its unknown etiology. Although this condition has been linked to several possible causes, including viral infection, drugs and/or toxin exposure, the exact cause remains unknown; this makes treatment recommendation very difficult. In this review, we summarize recent updates on the clinical manifestations, complemented with laboratory results, case numbers with the global distribution and other epidemiological characteristics, and the possible etiologies. We also provide the proposed actions that could be undertaken to control and prevent further spread of this hepatitis. Since many etiological and pathological aspects of the acute non hepA–E hepatitis remain unclear, further research is needed to minimize the severe impact of this disease.
Sailing on the ark of Scopus: Narra J new journey Wendt, Guilherme W.; Wagner, Abram; Dhama, Kuldeep; Harapan, Harapan
Narra J Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): April 2023
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i1.120

Abstract

Not available.
Hemostatic and liver function parameters as COVID-19 severity markers Iqbal, Qanita; Mudatsir, Mudatsir; Harapan, Harapan; Nurjannah, Nurjannah; Maulana, Teuku
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): April 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i1.178

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a disease newly discovered in December 2019 which affects coagulation cascade and liver functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of hemostatic and liver function parameters as severity markers in COVID-19 patients. This study was an observational analytic with cohort retrospective design using total sampling method. Data were retrieved from medical record of COVID-19 patients admitted to provincial hospital in Banda Aceh, Indonesia from March 2020 to March 2022. There were 1208 data eligible for the study after applying certain criteria. Mann–Whitney, logistic regression, and receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to analysis the data. Thrombocyte count (p<0.001), prothrombin time (p<0.001), activated partial thromboplastin time (p<0.001), D-dimer (p<0.001), fibrinogen (p<0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (p<0.001), and alanine transaminase (p<0.001) significantly increased in severe compared to mild COVID-19 patients. After being adjusted, age (odds ratio (OR); 1.026 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.016–1.037) was the most significant factor in predicting COVID-19 severity. Fibrinogen (cut-off 526.5 mg/L) was the best parameter associated with COVID-19 severity with 70% sensitivity and 66.4% specificity. Meanwhile, D-dimer (cut-off 805 ng/mL) had a sensitivity of 72.3% and specificity of 66.4%. Combining the parameters resulted in improved sensitivity to 82.0% with a slight decline of specificity to 65.5%. In conclusion, fibrinogen and D-dimer level on admission could be used as biomarkers in predicting COVID-19 prognosis. Routine monitoring and evaluation of laboratory testing especially D-dimer and fibrinogen could be implemented in order to reduce morbidity and mortality rate of COVID-19.
Quantity of antibiotic use and its association with clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A snapshot from a provincial referral hospital in Indonesia Yossadania, Asyriva; Hayati, Zinatul; Harapan, Harapan; Saputra, Irwan; Mudatsir, Mudatsir; Diah, Muhammad; Ramadhana, Ika F.
Narra J Vol. 3 No. 3 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i3.272

Abstract

Irrational antibiotic use in Indonesia is considered high, yet there are still lacks reliable information regarding the issue. The quantity of antibiotic use studies, in particular during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, was not well reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients at a province referral hospital in Aceh, Indonesia, Dr Zainoel Abidin Hospital, and to assess the association between antibiotic use and COVID-19 clinical outcomes. The defined daily dose (DDD) method was used and expressed in DDDs per 100 patient-days as in hospital setting. The data were obtained from inpatient confirmed COVID-19 patients between March 2020 and December 2021. A logistic regression was used to determine the association between patients’ characteristics and antibiotic usage with clinical outcomes. A total of 361 treated COVID-19 patients were included using a random sampling technique and analyzed. Out of 361 patients, 89.2% of them were treated with antibiotic(s). All the antibiotics were given empirically except for cefazoline (5.5%) that was used as prophylaxis to obstetric patients who underwent the c-section. Azithromycin was the most prescribed antibiotic and levofloxacin had the highest DDD. Our data suggested that there was no association between antibiotic use and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients (p=0.128). Having sepsis and another pulmonary disease however were associated with mortality of COVID-19 patients with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 14.14; 95%CI 2.94–67.90, p=0.001 and aOR 8.64; 95%CI 3.30–22.63, p<0.001, respectively. In addition, patients older than 60-year-old had a higher chance to an unfavorable outcome compared to those younger than 30-year-old, aOR: 7.61; 95%CI: 1.07–53.94. In conclusion, the use of antibiotics is prevalent among COVID-19 and it is not directly associated with clinical outcomes.
Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and their implications for susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis Fajar, Jonny K.; Tamara, Fredo; Putranto, Wachid; Prabowo, Nurhasan A.; Harapan, Harapan
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i3.727

Abstract

The insertion or deletion polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE I/D) have been the subject of significant research related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite this, the findings have remained uncertain and debatable. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between the ACE I/D polymorphisms and the susceptibility as well as the severity of COVID-19. A meta-analysis study (PROSPERO: CRD42022384562) was conducted by searching the articles published on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase as of May 15, 2023. Information regarding the impact of ACE I/D variant on the susceptibility to COVID-19 and its severity was collected and analyzed utilizing the Mantel-Haenszel method with a random effects model or fixed effects model, depending on the presence or absence of heterogeneity. Out of 3,335 articles, 21 articles were included, of which 13 investigated the association between ACE I/D and the risk of COVID-19 infection and 18 of them examined its influence on disease severity. The D allele of ACE increased risk of COVID-19 infection (OR: 1.41; 95%CI: 1.08–1.85; p-Egger: 0.0676; p-Heterogeneity: <0.001; p=0.0120), while ACE I allele (OR: 0.71; 95%CI: 0.54–0.93; p-Egger: 0.0676; p-Heterogeneity: <0.001; p=0.012) and II genotype (OR: 0.55; 95%CI: 0.34–0.87; p-Egger: 0.200; p-Heterogeneity: <0.001; p=0.011) decreased the risk of infection. Additionally, there was a notable association between the ACE ID genotype and an elevated likelihood of experiencing severe COVID-19 within the Asian population (OR: 1.46; 95%CI: 1.15–1.84; p-Egger: 0.092; p-Heterogeneity: 0.116; p=0.002). The presence of ACE I/D polymorphisms significantly influences the likelihood of being susceptible to and experiencing the severity of COVID-19.
Comparative study of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain total antibody titer before and after heterologous booster with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine Kamil, Qatrunnada; Putri, Widia; Ayulinda, Arianisah P.; Maelani, Imelda; Anwar, Samsul; Ichsan, Ichsan; Pranata, Agung; Mudatsir, Mudatsir; Syukri, Maimun; Rizal, Samsul; Kurniawan, Rudi; Sofyan, Sarwo E.; Harapan, Harapan
Narra J Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v4i3.788

Abstract

The waning immunity following the COVID-19 vaccination become a significant concern and the immunological dynamics of vaccine-induced antibodies after vaccination need to be explored. The aim of this study was to compare anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody levels before and after a booster dose with heterologous COVID-19 vaccine and to identify factors influencing the levels after receiving the booster dose. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which individuals who received primary doses of CoronaVac and a booster dose with an mRNA-based vaccine were recruited using a purposive sampling technique. The titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plausible associated factors were collected using a questionnaire-assisted face-to-face interview. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the titers before and after the booster dose, while the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, followed by multivariate linear regression, were used to assess the factors associated with RBD total antibody titers. The results showed that there was a significant increase of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody titers before and after receiving the booster dose (1,558.7 BAU/mL vs 140.6 BAU/mL, p<0.001). The analysis revealed that age (p=0.555), sex (p=0.254), type of vaccine (p=0.914), presence of hypertension (p=0.541), diabetes (p=0.975), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, p=0.620), and gout (p=0.364) were not associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody titers. However, the titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody were significantly different between those with and without hyperlipidemia (p=0.021). This study suggests that a booster dose with a heterologous COVID-19 vaccine could significantly enhance immune responses against COVID-19, and therefore, this strategy may be recommended as part of preventive measures to strengthen immunity against COVID-19.
Co-Authors Abdeen, Ziad Acharya, Yogesh Agung Pranata Akel, Kaitlyn B. Aksa, Rahmad Anak Agung Dewi Megawati, Anak Agung Dewi Andri Frediansyah, Andri Ayulinda, Arianisah P. Bakhtiar Bakhtiar Bondarenko, Anastasia Chandran, Deepak Dhama, Kuldeep Diah, Muhammad Emran, Talha B. Fadhlan Ardhuha Fahriani, Marhami Fathima, Raisha Fauzi Yusuf, Fauzi Firzan Nainu Fredo Tamara, Fredo Ichsan Ichsan Ikram Ikram Ikram, Aamer Iqbal Muhammad Iqbal, Qanita Iqhrammullah, Muhammad Jayawarsa, A.A. Ketut Jonny K. Fajar Kamil, Qatrunnada Khader, Yousef Kotfis, Katarzyna Koyanagi, Ai Kretchy, James-Paul Kurnia F. Jamil Kurnia Fitri Jamil Latief, Kamaluddin Lemu, Yohannes K. Maelani, Imelda Maimun Syukri, Maimun Mamada, Sukamto S. Maulana, Teuku Mellinia, Sania A. Memish, Ziad A. Mohammad B. Hossain Mohd. Andalas Mudatsir Mudatsir Mutiara, Suci Nalapraya, Widhy Y. Nanda, Cut M. Nirwana, Aura Nurjannah Nurjannah Prabowo, Nurhasan A. Putranto, Wachid Putri, Widia Rademaker, Marius Ramadhana, Ika F. Rudi Kurniawan Sallam, Dina E. Sallam, Malik Samsul Anwar Saputra, Irwan Sarifuddin Sarifuddin Sharun, Khan Smith, Lee Sofyan, Sarwo E. Syahraini, Aigia Syarifah Feramuhawan Torres-Roman, J. Smith Vento, Sandro Wagner, Abram Wagner, Abram L. Wendt, Guilherme W. Wira Winardi, Wira Wiwik Handayani Yesi Astri Yossadania, Asyriva Yufika, Amanda Yundari, Yundari Zinatul Hayati