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All Journal JURNAL MAGISTER HUKUM UDAYANA Arena Hukum Veritas et Justitia Jurnal Media Hukum Rechtsidee Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan Jurnal Akta Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY Jambura Law Review Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum International Journal of Business, Law, and Education International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) NEGREI: Academic Journal of Law and Governance International Journal of Humanities Education and Social Sciences International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM)
Afifah Kusumadara
Universitas Brawijaya
Religion Aerospace Engineering Arts Humanities Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Neuroscience Social Sciences Other

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Interpreting “Held by the State”: Article 38 (1) Copyright Law and Traditional Cultural Expression Protection Amrulla, Mohammad Fahrial; Kusumadara, Afifah; Santoso, Budi; Widyanti, Yenny Eta
Rechtsidee Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/jihr.v14i1.1119

Abstract

General Background Traditional cultural expressions constitute communal cultural heritage embodying identity, philosophy, and collective memory, requiring legal protection aligned with their communal and sacred nature. Specific Background In Indonesia, traditional batik motifs—particularly the sacred Parang motifs of the Yogyakarta Sultanate—are classified as traditional cultural expressions whose copyright is declared “held by the state” under Article 38 paragraph (1) of Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright. Knowledge Gap This formulation contains normative ambiguity, as it does not clearly define whether state authority represents ownership, public trusteeship, or mere administrative control, resulting in weak legal certainty for indigenous custodians. Aims This study examines the legal meaning of the phrase “held by the state” in relation to the protection of sacred Parang batik motifs within the framework of traditional cultural expressions. Results The analysis shows that the provision functions as a declarative norm lacking substantive mechanisms, failing to recognize customary authority, community consent, or benefit-sharing, and thereby permitting desacralization and misuse of sacred motifs. Novelty This research clarifies that state control over traditional cultural expressions should be interpreted as public trusteeship rather than ownership, drawing comparative insights from community-centered protection models in India and Thailand. Implications The findings support the development of a sui generis legal framework integrating customary law, community participation, and administrative facilitation to ensure sustainable and culturally respectful protection of sacred batik motifs. Highlights: Article 38 paragraph (1) operates as a declarative norm without concrete protective mechanisms Legal ambiguity weakens recognition of indigenous custodianship over sacred motifs Comparative models support community-based rights with state administrative roles Keywords: Batik, Traditional Cultural Expression, Copyright, State Held
LEGITIMACY OF IMMEDIATE EXECUTABLE JUDGMENT (UITVOERBAAR BIJ VOORRAAD) IN SMALL CLAIMS COURT Gerry Geovant Supranata Kaban; Afifah Kusumadara; Dhia Al Uyun
International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : CV. RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54443/ijerlas.v5i2.2702

Abstract

The immediate executable judgment (uitvoerbaar bij voorraad) is a form of judgment in civil procedural law that can be executed first, even though it does not yet have permanent legal force (inkracht van gewijsde). In the context of small claims court, the issuance of an immediate executable judgment raises questions regarding its legitimacy and implications for the principles of justice and legal certainty. This research aims to analyze the legitimacy of issuing immediate executable judgment in small claims court cases through juridical aspects. The research method used is normative juridical with a normative legal research approach and a conceptual approach. The data used includes relevant legal regulations, court decisions, and relevant legal literature. The research results indicate that judges have the authority and legitimate legitimacy to issue immediate executable judgment when examining, adjudicating, and deciding small claims court cases while still adhering to the strict terms and conditions outlined in Article 180 paragraph (1) of the HIR and Article 191 paragraph (1) of the RBg junctis SEMA Number 3 of 2000 concerning Immediate Executable Judgment (Uitvoerbaar bij Voorraad) and Provisional, to ensure aspects of legal certainty, usefulness, and justice.
Co-Authors Airin Liemanto Amrulla, Mohammad Fahrial AYU RAHMAWATI Devy Monica Dhia Al-Uyun Dian Ayu Nurul Muthoharoh Djumikasih Dwi Budi Santoso Elmaila, Izzah Endang Sri Kawuryan Fadli, Moh. Gerry Geovant Supranata Kaban Giovani Anggasta Hanif Nur Widhiyanti Hayati, Asna Nurul I Gusti Kade Prabawa Maha Yoga Khairunnisa, Fitri M. Hamidi Masykur, M. Hamidi Masfufah Masfufah, Masfufah Mohamad Rivaldi Moha MUFIDAH, LAILATUL Nur Widhiyanti, Hanif Putri, Sekar Rizqi Triroosa Rachmi Sulistyarini Rahmat Sjafi’i, R. Imam Serafim, Gladysta Viola Sjafi'i, R. Imam Rahmat Suhariningsih Suhariningsih Sukarmi Sukarmi ul-Haq, Hayyan Widaqdo, Setyo Yenny Eta Widyanti Yuliati Yuliati