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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY TEST OF ULIN BARK EXTRACT (Eusideroxylon zwageri) ON THE GROWTH OF Porphyromonas gingivalis Della Isnadya Noor; I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus; Beta Widya Oktiani
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 6, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v6i1.10638

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease caused by bacterial colonization of dental plaque. Bacteria that play a role in chronic periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis. One of mouthwash that reduce the number of P.gingivalis colonies is chlorhexidine 0.2%. Long term use of chlorhexidine 0.2% can cause some side effects to the oral cavity, so we need an alternative mouthwash from natural ingredients that can reduce the side effects of chlorhexidine 0.2%. Ulin bark extract contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, and saponin which can be an alternative base for mouthwash besides chlorhexidine 0.2%. Purpose: It is to analyze antibacterial effectivity of ulin bark extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: This study was using true experimental research and post-test only with control group design, that used 9 treatment groups with 4 replications, that were 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentrations, chlorhexidine 0.2%, and sterile aquadest against P. gingivalis. The total samples were as many as 36. Result: One Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Games Howell tests showed that the average absorbance values has a significant difference, then Kruskall Wallis and Post Hoc Mann Whitney tests showed the number of colonies with significant differences. MIC in this study was at 5% concentration and MBC was at 20% concentration.. Conclusion: Ulin bark extract with 40% concentration has an absorbance value equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine and 20% concentration has a bactericidal effects equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine against the growth of P.gingivalis.Keywords:Antibacterial, Dilution method,Porphyromonas gingivalis, Ulin Bark Extract.

THE EFFECT OF IRONWOOD STEM BARK EXTRACT (Eusideroxylon zwageri) ON THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus mutans ON ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURE PLATE Amalia Noviyanti; I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus; Rahmad Arifin
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 6, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v6i1.10634

ABSTRACTBackground: Streptococcus mutans is plaque-forming initiator bacteria. Plaque on the surface base of denture can cause color changing, bad breath, inflammation, and infection called denture stomatitis. Denture hygiene must be maintained by denture soaking in 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate. However, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconatethat used incessantly can cause side effects such as the changing of denture color and the fading of denture base pigmentation. The ironwood stem bark extract can be an alternative for denture cleanser material. Objectives: To analyze the effect of ironwood stem bark extract on the growth of Streptococcus mutans on heat cured type acrylic resin denture plate. Methods: True experimental laboratories research was used with post test only control group design using 9 treatment groups which are 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration of ironwood stem bark extract, 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and aquadest. The treatment was performed with 3 times repetition resulting in 27 total samples. Antibacterial activity was measured by calculating the bacteria colony number. Results: The 5% and 10% concentration of ironwood stem bark extract were effective in reducing Streptococcus mutans with30.3 CFU/ml and 10.3 CFU/ml average colony number. The ironwood stem bark extracts with 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration are effective and equivalent to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate against Streptococcus mutans with 0 CFU/ml average value. Conclusion: The 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration of ironwood stem bark extract is equally effective as 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconatein killing Streptococcus mutans,exhibiting potential to be an alternative for denture cleanser material.Keyword: 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, ironwood stem bark extract, acrylic resin denture plate heat cured type, Streptococcus mutans.

THE EFFECT OF DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION USING MUSIC IN DECREASING PLAQUE INDEX OF INTELLECTUALLY DISABLED Shaula Chintyasari; Isnur Hatta; I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 5, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v5i1.8124

Background: Intellectually disabled (ID) children refer to special needs children whose intelligences are below the average. Poor dental and oral health conditions are a problem that is often found in ID children. Dental health education (DHE) on toothbrushing activity for ID children can be a solution for their dental and oral health problems, however ID children have limitation in receiving information caused by the deficit of cognitive functions covering perception, memory, idea development, evaluation, and reasoning. Effective learning processes in DHE for ID children can be achieved by using adaptive media like music adjusted to the condition of ID children. Objective: To analyze the effect of DHE using music in decreasing plaque index of mild-to-moderate ID children. Methods: Pre-experimental (one-group pre and posttest) and total sampling method were used. Thirty subjects, junior high school students with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability (9 females and 21 males), were given 15 sessions of DHE using music as adaptive media. The music was in the form of children's song, which contains stages of tooth-brushing using modified-bass technique, created specifically by adjusting to characteristics of ID children. Plaque index was measured using Quigley–Hein Turesky–Gilmore–Glickman modification on day-0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15. Results: Average plaque index of all subjects (mean±SD): pretest (4.79±0.27), posttest-1 (4.37±0.36), posttest-2 (4.02±0.42), posttest-3 (3.39±0.46), posttest-4 (2.78±0.65), posttest-5 (2.29±0.86), Wilcoxon statistical analysis showed that there are significant differences (p<0,05). Conclusion: DHE using music as adaptive media in the form of children's songs can affect the reduction in plaque index of mild-to-moderate ID children since the 3rd day. The decrease in male subjects' plaque index was slower than in female subjects. Grade level does not affect the decrease in plaque index of ID children. Lingual surface’s plaque index had higher score with slower decline than buccal surface.

THE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF KELAKAI LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC® 33277™ Destri Khusnul Khotimah; I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus; Maharani Laillyza Apriasari
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 5, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v5i2.8945

ABSTRACTBackground: Chronic periodontitis is an infectious disease that causes damage on periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. The severity of periodontitis is caused by several types of bacterial species which one of them is Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria with a prevalence of 85% in oral cavity. The extract of kelakai leaf contained antibacterial in the form of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, and steroid. Flavonoid consists of some chemical compounds which is one of them is quercetin. The level of quercetin in kelakai leaf is 503.56 mgQE/g. From some secondary metabolites, kelakai leaf has inhibitory power toward gram negative bacterial, Porphyromonas gingivalis. Objective: This research was intended to know the activity of inhibitory power of kelakai leaf toward Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental research consisted of 5 experimental groups that were group of kelakai leaf extract on the concentrations of 100 mh/ml, 75 mg/ml, 50mg/ml, and 25 mg/ml and the control group (0.2% chlorhexidine). Each treatment was done in 4 repetitions. The test of inhibitory power used diffusion method by measuring the inhibitory zone around the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis on Mueller Hinton Agar media. The data were analyzed by using One Way Anova 95% and then continued with LSD. Results: Based on the LSD test, it was known that the extract of Kelakai leaf had inhibitor power activity toward Porphyromonas gingivalis. The highest inhibitory zone was on the concentration of 100 mg/ml with inhibitory zone of 14.61 mm. Conclusion: The extract of kelakai leaf had inhibitory power activity toward Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. Keywords: 0.2% chlorhexidine, Diffusion method, Inhibitory power, Stenochlaena palustris extract, Porphyromonas gingivalis.

INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF ULIN BARK (Eusideroxylon zwageri) EXTRACT TO Lactobacillus acidophilus Ina Rezki Rahmasari; I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus; Renie Kumala Dewi
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 6, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v6i2.11989

Background: Lactobacillus acidophilus is a bacterium which plays a role in dental caries. It is believed as a pioneering bacterium in advanced caries and much likely to be isolated in dentin caries zone, resulting in the needed for tooth restoration. The use of 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate as cavity cleanser is recommended as an effort to prevent seconday caries but can cause side effects. One of the natural materials that can be used as a cavity cleanser is ulin bark extract (Eusideroxylon zwageri), a traditional medicine originally from Kalimantan, because it contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, saponin and terpenoid. Purpose: To discover the inhibitory activity of ulin bark extract on Lactobacillus acidophilus growth. Methods: This was a true experimental laboratory and post test only with control group design, that used 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentrations of ulin bark extracts and K(+) 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate. Difussion method was used to test inhibitory activity with 6 treatment groups and 4 replications, comprising a total of 24 samples. All groups were incubated for 24 hours at 37ºC temperature. The inhibition zone was measured using calipers. Results: The 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration of ulin bark extracts and 2% Chlorhexidine digluconate had an average inhibition zone of 7.17 mm, 9.02 mm, 11.14 mm, 13.06 mm, 15.17 mm and 19.22 mm. One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Bonferroni tests showed significant difference between all groups. Conclusion: Ulin bark extract can inhibit Lactobacillus acidophilus growth starting from 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% concentration.

MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE BACTERIAL SIALADENITIS (Case Report) I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus; Maharani Laillyza Apriasari
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 3, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v3i1.4592

Background : Sialadenitis is the inflammation of the salivary gland. Predisposing factors for acute sialadenitis include diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, renal failure, and Sjögren syndrome. The most common bacterial cause of acute bacterial sialadenitis is Staphylococcus aureus. Purpose : to report the management of Acute bacterial sialadenitis, especially the recommendation antibiotic for treatment of Acute bacterial sialadenitis. Case : Woman, 34 years old, suffered the pain of left buccal especially when she was eating. There was a lowgrade fever. She has been suffering since 3 days ago, but she did not give any drugs. The intra oral examination showed the stenoni of parotid gland was swollen and painful, and erythematous. The purulent discharge often was observed from the duct orifice when the gland was checked by palpation. The patient was diagnosed as Acute Bacterial sialadenitis. Case management : Amoxycillin caplet 500 mg three times a day, Ibuprofen caplet 400 mg three times a day, and oral rinse contains aloevera gargle three times a day for seven days, then the instruction to patient took a lot of rehydration. After seven days, Cefadroxil capsul 500 mg two times a day replaced amoxycillin caplet 500 mg three times a day. Conclusion : It can be concluded that Cephalosporins display superior pharmacokinetics in saliva and cover the spectrum of all bacteria implicated in sialadenitis.

THE EFFECT OF ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri) STEM BARK EXTRACT ON THE GROWTH OF Candida albicans ON ACRYLIC RESIN DENTURE PLATES Annisa Fitri Yuniar; I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus; Rahmad Arifin
Dentino : Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Vol 6, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : FKG Unlam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/dentino.v6i1.10637

ABSTRACTBackground: Candida albicans is the main microorganism that causes denture stomatitis, thus denture soaking in cleansing solution is needed to protect them from Candida albicans contamination. The 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate is one of denture cleansers that induce side effects at prolonged use. An alternative ingredient that can be used as a denture cleanser is ulin stem bark extract. Objective: To determine the effect of ulin stem bark extract at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration on the growth of Candida albicans on acrylic resin denture plates. Method: True Experimental with post-test only with control group design was employed under 7 treatment groups consisting ulin stem bark extract at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration, 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, and aquadest in a total of 28 samples. Acrylic resin samples that had been exposed to Candida albicans weresoaked in respective treatment for 15 minutes. Results: The average of Candida albicans colonies on acrylic resin denture plates after soaking in ulin bark extract at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentration, 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate, and aquadest were 29.5 CFU/ml, 13.0 CFU/ml, 0 CFU/ml, 0 CFU/ml, 0 CFU/ml, 0 CFU/ml, and 155 CFU/ml. Based on Mann Whitney test, there was no significant difference when ulin stem bark extract at 60% concentration was compared to 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluoconate. Conclusion: Ulin stem bark extract at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% concentration have been proven to reduce Candida albicans colonies on acrylic resin denture plates, and the 60% concentration is equivalent to 0.2% Chlorhexidine gluconate.Keywords: Candida albicans,Eusideroxylon zwageri, Heat cured acrylic resin. Ulin stem bark extract.

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG POHON KAYU ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri) TERHADAP Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Fidya Mariam; I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus; Fransiska Uli Artha Panjaitan
Dentin Vol 4, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

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ABSTRACTBackground: Aggressive periodontitis is a disease that had very quickly rate of development and damage. One of the causes of this disease is the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The effective antibiotic to handle the growth of A.actinomycetemcomitans in the aggressive periodontitis treatment is metronidazole gel 25%. Ulin stem bark which contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid and saponin so that it can be basic ingredients for alternative medicine. Purpose: To analyze the inhibitory and killing levels of ulin stem bark extract against the growth of A.actinomycetemcomitans. Materials and methods: True experimental research with post test only control group design, the number of treatments were 9 with 4 replications, which came from 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% concentrations, Metronidazole gel 25 %, and sterile aquades against A.actinomycetemcomitans with a total sample were 36 samples. Result: One Way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Gomes Howell tests showed the average absorbance’s reduction has significant differences, Kruskall Wallis and Post-Hoc Mann Whitney tests showed the number of colonies with significant differences. Conclusion: The minimum inhibitory concentration of ulin stem bark extract was at 5% concentration. Minimum bactericidal concentration was at 20% concentration which has an antibacterial effectiveness equal to Metronidazole gel 25%. Keywords: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, MBC, MIC, Ulin Stem Bark Extract ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Periodontitis agresif merupakan penyakit yang laju perkembangan dan kerusakan terjadi sangat cepat. Salah satu penyebab penyakit ini adalah bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Salah satu antibiotik yang efektif dalam menangani pertumbuhan bakteri A.actinomycetemcomitans adalah Metronidazole gel 25%. Kulit batang pohon kayu ulin yang mengandung fenolik, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid dan saponin sehingga dapat menjadi bahan dasar alternatif obat. Tujuan: Menganalisis kadar hambat dan bunuh ekstrak kulit batang pohon kayu ulin terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri A.actinomycetemcomitans Metode: Penelitian eksperimental murni dengan rancangan penelitian post test only, jumlah perlakuan adalah 9 dengan 4 kali pengulangan, yang berasal dari konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%, Metronidazole gel 25%, dan akuades steril terhadap A.actinomycetemcomitans dengan total sampel adalah 36 sampel. Hasil: Uji One Way ANOVA dan Post-Hoc Gomes Howell menunjukan bahwa selisih rata rata absorbansi memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan, uji Kruskall Wallis dan Post-Hoc Mann Whitney menunjukan jumlah koloni dengan perbedaan yang signifikan. Kesimpulan: Nilai kadar hambat minimum pada ekstrak kulit batang pohon kayu ulin terdapat pada konsentrasi 5%. Kadar bunuh minimum terdapat pada konsentrasi 20% yang mempunyai efektivitas antibakteri yang setara dengan Metronidazole gel 25%. Kata kunci : Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Ekstrak Kulit Batang Pohon Ulin, KBM, KHM

UJI TOKSISITAS EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri) TERHADAP SEL FIBROBLAS BHK-21 SECARA IN VITRO Ismi Natasya Salwa; I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus; Aulia Azizah
Dentin Vol 5, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

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ABSTRACTBackground: Antioxidants can come from plants that contain flavonoids such as ironwood. The bark of ironwood is declared effective to be used as a mouthwash because of the content of flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Ironwood bark extract to be used as an alternative material must be safe for oral tissues, so it is necessary to do a toxicity test. Objective: To analyze the toxic effect of ironwood bark extract through IC50 on BHK-21 fibroblast cells. Methods: This study was a pure laboratory experimental study with posttest-only control group design, consisting of 12 groups with 10 treatment groups given ironwood bark extract at concentrations of 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%. , 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95% and 2 control groups, namely cell control and media control. It was repeated 3 times so that the total sample was 36 samples. Toxicity test media used MTT assay which produced color absorbance and cell viability was calculated. Results: The results showed that the cell viability of the entire treatment group was >60% so it had no toxic effect. In addition, based on the IC50> 0.1%, which is 3.746%, it has no toxic effect on BHK-21 fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Ironwood bark extract at concentrations of 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95% had no toxic effect on BHK-21 fibroblast cells. Keywords: BHK-21 fibroblast cells, Ironwood bark extract, , toxicity ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Antioksidan dapat berasal dari tanaman yang mengandung flavonoid seperti ulin. Kulit batang ulin dinyatakan efektif untuk dijadikan obat kumur karena adanya kandungan flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, saponin, alkaloid, dan terpenoid. Ekstrak kulit batang ulin untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan alternatif harus bersifat aman untuk jaringan rongga mulut sehingga perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek toksik ekstrak kulit batang ulin melalui IC50 terhadap sel fibroblas BHK-21. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental laboratoris murni dengan posttest-only with control group design, terdiri dari 12 kelompok dengan 10 kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak kulit batang ulin konsentrasi 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, dan 95% dan 2 kelompok kontrol, yaitu kontrol sel dan kontrol media. Dilakukan 3 kali pengulangan sehingga total sampel berjumlah 36 sampel. Media uji toksisitas menggunakan MTT assay yang menghasilkan absorbansi warna dan dilakukan perhitungan viabilitas sel. Hasil: Viabilitas sel seluruh kelompok perlakuan adalah >60% sehingga tidak memiliki efek toksik. Selain itu, berdasarkan nilai IC50>0,1% yaitu sebesar 3,746% tidak memiliki efek toksik terhadap sel fibroblas BHK-21. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kulit batang ulin pada konsentrasi 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, 45%, 55%, 65%, 75%, 85%, dan 95% tidak memiliki efek toksik terhadap sel fibroblas BHK-21. Kata kunci: Esktrak kulit batang ulin, sel fibroblas BHK-21, toksisitas.

Pemberdayaan Kaporagi Dalam Mengurangi Angka Kejadian Karies Gigi Balita Di Lahan Basah renie kumala dewi; I Wayan Arya Krishnawan Firdaus; Anugrah Qatrunnada Hakim
Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Corporate Social Responsibility (PKM-CSR) Vol 3 (2020): Peran Perguruan Tinggi dan Dunia Usaha Dalam Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Untuk Menyongsong
Publisher : Asosiasi Sinergi Pengabdi dan Pemberdaya Indonesia (ASPPI)

Karies gigi adalah suatu proses patologis yaitu kerusakan pada jaringan keras gigi yang dimulai dari enamel menuju dentin dikarenakan rongga mulut yang bersifat asam. Berdasarkan Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2018 di Indonesia, prevalensi karies gigi anak usia dini sangat tinggi yaitu 93%. Kota Banjarmasin sebagian besar merupakan lahan basah, terdiri dari rawa dengan struktur tanah lahan gambut yang menghasilkan air dengan tingkat keasaman pH 3,5-4,5. Rongga mulut yang terpapar air lahan gambut akan berpengaruh pada derajat keasaman rongga mulut sehingga dapat terjadi karies gigi dengan cepat. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka perlu adanya tindakan pencegahan karies gigi lebih lajut dengan pemberian vaksin gigi dengan tooth mouse oleh KAPORAGI kepada balita. Kader posyandu fakultas kedokteran gigi (KAPORAGI) adalah orang yang terorganisir oleh dosen PKM FKG ULM yang bekerja sebagai kader posyandu dari suatu wilayah oleh puskesmas dinas kesehatan setempat, serta diberikan penyuluhan dan buku panduan mengenai kesehatan gigi dan mulut sehingga dapat diinformasikan kepada masyarakat setempat terutama ibu dan balita. Diharapkan dengan usaha pemberian vaksin gigi dengan tooth mouse oleh KAPORAGI dapat mengurangi angka kejadian karies sejak dini pada balita, meningkatkan oral hygine serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak dan terciptanya program Indonesia bebas karies 2030.

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