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All Journal Al-Fiziya: Journal of Materials Science, Geophysics, Instrumentation and Theoretical Physics Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science JURNAL FISIKA Sainteknol : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Jurnal Spektra Jurnal Keramik dan Gelas Indonesia Omega: Jurnal Fisika dan Pendidikan Fisika Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Indonesian Mining Journal Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Teknik Metalurgi Indonesian Physical Review Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri Jurnal Keramik dan Gelas Indonesia Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (IPTEK) Makara Journal of Science Makara Journal of Technology Jurnal Teknologi Mineral dan Batubara Jurnal Polimesin Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Indonesian Mining Journal Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi
Azwar Manaf
Departemen FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics

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DAMPAK PENINGKATAN PANAS DAN JENIS REDUKTAN TERHADAP SAPROLIT: STUDI PENDAHULUAN Bahfie, Fathan; Manaf, Azwar; Astuti, Widi; Nurjaman, Fajar; Prasetyo, Erik; Susanti, Diah; Sipahutar, Wahyu Solafide
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 27 No 1 (2024): Indonesian Mining Journal, April 2024
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol27.No1.2024.1533

Abstract

Indonesia significantly contributes to the global electric vehicle battery market due to its substantial medium- and low-grade nickel reserves. This study utilized saprolitic nickel ore from Halmahera, Maluku, Indonesia. However, the research on saprolite needs some improvements due to its complex mineral composition, which affected on the roasting process significantly. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the properties of laterite ores is critically important, particularly concerning laterite pre-reduction processes. The ore was finely sieved to a particle size of less than 100 mesh and then heated at temperatures of 250, 900, and 1150°C with the variation of reductant (anthracite and palm kernel charcoal). Extensive mineralogical analysis was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The analysis of saprolite showed that it contains about 1.82% nickel, 30.47% iron, 10-20% magnesium, 4.86% aluminum, and 8.1% silicon by weight. Its mineral composition is mainly 53.1% goethite, 38.3% lizardite, and 8.7% quartz. The study found that goethite in saprolite was transformed into hematite around 250°C. At 900°C, the forsterite was crystallized, and at 1150°C, the ferronickel was formed. The transformation of lizardite is important as it affected on nickel diffusion within the iron matrix, which impacted on the material's properties. A thermal upgrading method with reductants like anthracite and palm kernel charcoal was used at lower temperatures to enhance the properties of saprolite. These findings provided valuable insights into saprolite's mineralogical composition and behavior, potentially offering improvements in various industrial processes and applications.
DAMPAK PENINGKATAN PANAS DAN JENIS REDUKTAN TERHADAP SAPROLIT: STUDI PENDAHULUAN Bahfie, Fathan; Manaf, Azwar; Astuti, Widi; Nurjaman, Fajar; Prasetyo, Erik; Susanti, Diah; Sipahutar, Wahyu Solafide
Indonesian Mining Journal Vol 27 No 1 (2024): Indonesian Mining Journal, April 2024
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengujian Mineral dan Batubara tekMIRA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30556/imj.Vol27.No1.2024.1533

Abstract

Indonesia significantly contributes to the global electric vehicle battery market due to its substantial medium- and low-grade nickel reserves. This study utilized saprolitic nickel ore from Halmahera, Maluku, Indonesia. However, the research on saprolite needs some improvements due to its complex mineral composition, which affected on the roasting process significantly. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the properties of laterite ores is critically important, particularly concerning laterite pre-reduction processes. The ore was finely sieved to a particle size of less than 100 mesh and then heated at temperatures of 250, 900, and 1150°C with the variation of reductant (anthracite and palm kernel charcoal). Extensive mineralogical analysis was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The analysis of saprolite showed that it contains about 1.82% nickel, 30.47% iron, 10-20% magnesium, 4.86% aluminum, and 8.1% silicon by weight. Its mineral composition is mainly 53.1% goethite, 38.3% lizardite, and 8.7% quartz. The study found that goethite in saprolite was transformed into hematite around 250°C. At 900°C, the forsterite was crystallized, and at 1150°C, the ferronickel was formed. The transformation of lizardite is important as it affected on nickel diffusion within the iron matrix, which impacted on the material's properties. A thermal upgrading method with reductants like anthracite and palm kernel charcoal was used at lower temperatures to enhance the properties of saprolite. These findings provided valuable insights into saprolite's mineralogical composition and behavior, potentially offering improvements in various industrial processes and applications.
EFFECT OF ANNEALING CYCLES ON DEEP DRAWABILITY OF LOW CARBON TITANIUM ADDED STEEL Iskandar Muda; Azwar Manaf
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 2 (2020): Jurnal Sains dan Materi Indonesia
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

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Abstract

EFFECT OF ANNEALING CYCLES ON DEEP DRAWABILITY OF LOW CARBON TITANIUM ADDED STEEL. Maximum mechanical properties and deep drawability of low carbon titanium added steels was obtained after heat treatment with simulation batch annealing cycles in an industrial process. The effect of holding times and holding temperatures on deep drawability were studied using tensile test for measuring normal anisotropy (r-value) and strain hardening exponent (n-value). Scanning electron microscope were employed for observation of microstructure in steel sheets. X-ray diffraction with pole figure techniques were also used for measuring texture of annealing. Results showed that as the temperature was increased up to 900 oC, both r and n values increased gradually and peaked in the temperature of 850 oC. This results showed that formability of sheet materials increased until batch annealing temperature reach 850 oC as increasing the ratio of intensities {111} /{100}. The largest mean r value of almost 2.6 was obtained in slow heating at holding temperature of 850 oC with n value of 0.27.
Optimized Carbonization and Kinetic Analysis of Palm Kernel Shell Porous Carbon for Heavy Metal Adsorption Hafizah, Mas Ayu Elita; Manaf, Azwar; Valency, Tiara; Andreas, Andreas; Manawan, Maykel
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.100714

Abstract

This study explores the use of porous carbon derived from palm kernel shells to adsorb lead ions (Pb2+) from water. Porous carbon was produced by carbonizing palm kernel shells at different temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C) and was evaluated for its effectiveness in a lead chloride (PbCl2) solution. The best adsorption rate, reducing Pb2+ concentration by 27.5%, was observed by carbonized material at 800 °C with a 3 h contact time. Kinetic analysis suggested that the process followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the dominant mechanism. The adsorption data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm, implying multilayer adsorption on an uneven surface. These findings highlight the efficient and low-cost potential of palm kernel shell-based porous carbon for removing heavy metals from wastewater. Palm kernel shell-derived porous carbon has proven to be a sustainable, cost-effective, and practical solution for mitigating Pb2+ contamination, positioning it as a promising candidate for environmentally friendly water treatment applications.
ECO FRIENDLY CITRIC ACID-ASSISTED SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS OF HIGH-PURITY NANO SILICA FROM DIENG GEOTHERMAL SLAG: CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTIMIZATION METHOD Birawidha, David C; Manaf, Azwar; Astuti, Widi; Daulay, Amru; Haryono, Tri; Sari, Yuliana; Suprihatin, Suprihatin
Indonesian Physical Review Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/ipr.v8i2.486

Abstract

Geothermal slag is a by-product of the geothermal power generation process, but its added value is minimal. With a silica content of up to 70%, geothermal slag has potential as a secondary silicon source for battery silicon anode precursors. Usually, the synthesis of nano-silica was carried out through the sol-gel method, in which HCl is usually used as a modifier to regulate the physical and chemical properties of the material. But in this study chose citric acid for modifier agent because it is more environmentally friendly. The challenge of using citric acid is the formation of carbon-based salts that can cause silica blackening if not washed well. Therefore, optimization was done by adjusting the pH to produce high-purity nano-silica. The sol-gel process was carried out by adding 10% NaOH and 5N Citric Acid, with varying pH base conditions from 8 to 11. XRF analysis results showed the highest purity at pH 8. Impurities were still visible based on XRD data, and the formation of nanoparticles was confirmed through morphological analysis using FESEM and TEM where the average particle size formed is between 55 nm.
Hydrometallurgical extraction of TiO2 from iron sand for industrial raw material Sukmara, Sony; Manaf, Azwar; Adi, Wisnu Ari; Putra, Adi Ganda
Jurnal Polimesin Vol 23, No 5 (2025): October
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jpl.v23i5.7751

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an essential raw material widely used in Indonesia’s medical, cosmetic, paint, cement, aerospace, and defense industries. Despite its industrial importance, domestic TiO2 production remains limited, resulting in continued dependence on imports. Meanwhile, Indonesia possesses abundant iron sand resources that have not been fully utilized as potential raw materials for TiO2 extraction. This study aims to extract titanium dioxide from iron sand obtained from the southern coast of Lebak Regency, Banten Province. The extraction process began with the preparation of iron sand through washing, drying, and magnetic separation to isolate titanium-rich minerals, mainly ilmenite (FeTiO3) and titanomagnetite (Fe2TiO4). The ilmenite concentrate was leached using sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 96%) at 150–200 °C, forming titanium oxysulfate (TiOSO4) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). The solution was filtered, and titanium was precipitated as hydrated titanium dioxide (TiO2•H2O) through neutralization. The precipitate was washed, dried, and calcined at 500 °C to obtain anatase-phase TiO2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed dominant mineral phases of ilmenite (98.63%) and titanomagnetite (90.56%), while X-ray fluorescence (XRF) showed titanium contents of 22.72% in FeTiO3 and 20.45% in Fe2TiO4. The resulting TiO2 exhibited an anatase phase with 98.7% purity. The findings confirm that Lebak’s southern coastal iron sand is rich in titanium-bearing minerals, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable raw material for domestic TiO2 production. This study provides a preliminary foundation for optimizing the extraction process to enhance yield and support local industrial development.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Polystyrene-based Scintillator for Gamma Detection Pancoko, Marliyadi; Hafni Lissa Nuri; Manaf, Azwar; Dimyati, Arbi; Jami, Abdul
Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia Vol. 25 No. 1 (2023): Jurnal Sains dan Materi Indonesia
Publisher : BRIN Publishing (Penerbit BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jsmi.2023.704

Abstract

This study aimed to create and examine plastic scintillators made from a polystyrene matrix, which are widely used in radiation detection due to their favorable properties such as rapid decay time, low cost, resistance to moisture, and ease of fabrication. The scintillators were doped with p-terphenyl (PTP) and 1,4-bis[2-(phenyloxazolyl)]-benzene (POPOP) using an injection method with an extruder machine. The materials were then characterized using various techniques. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of aromatic chains which are essential for the scintillation process. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed stable thermal properties with a glass transition temperature of approximately 100ºC. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of the polymer is amorphous with small bumps and protrusions likely caused by the PTP and POPOP dopants. The optical evaluation indicated that the sample could absorb UV photons up to 340 nm and emit photons in the wavelength range of 400-500 nm with a peak at 421 nm. Gamma spectra analysis indicated that the plastic scintillators performed well in gamma detection and could be used in a Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM).
Microstructures, Magnetic Properties and Microwave Absorption Characteristics of Ti2+ -Mn4+Substituted Barium Hexaferrite Maykel Manawan; Azwar Manaf; Bambang Soegijono; Asep Yudi Hercuadi
Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi Vol. 14 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jet.v14.15-19

Abstract

The effect of Ti2+-Mn4+substitution on microwave absorption has been studied for BaFe12-2xTixMnxO19 ferrite, where x varies from 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8.Ti2+-Mn4+ ions were obtained from TiO and MnO2 precursors which were mechanically alloyed together with BaCO3 and Fe2O3 precursors. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for sintered samples confirmed that the materials are consisted with single phase BHF structure. Unit cell volume and crystallite size was found increase with increasing x. Crystallite size for all samples below 70 nm, but the grain morphology shown that the grains is in range of 200 - 400 nm, which concluded that each grain are polycrystalline. The saturation magnetization is increases up to x = 0.4 and decrease for higher x values, while the coercivity remains decreases monotonically. These results were interpreted in terms of the site preferential occupation of Ti2+ and Mn4+ at low level substitution.These substitution revealed of enhanced reflection loss (RL) up to 25 dB forx=0.6.It suggested that the synthesized can be employed as effective microwave absorbers in various devices.
Co-Authors Abdul Jami Adi Ganda Putra Agus Sukarto Agus Sukarto Ahmad Royani Akmal Johan Andreas Andreas Arbi Dimyati Arie Fiandimas Arieko Abdillah Asep Yudi Hercuadi Asep Yudi Hercuadi, Asep Yudi Bahfie, Fathan Bambang Soegijono Birawidha, David C Budhy Kurniawan Cahaya, Adam Badra Daulay, Amru Dedi Dedi Diah Susanti Djoko HP Doansi Tarihoran Dwita Suastiyanti Eddy Siradj Edie Sasito, Edie Eko Sulistiyono, Eko Elda Rayhana Elfrida Ratnawati Elisabeth A. S. Elsa Krisanti Erfan Handoko Erik Prasetyo Fajar Nurjaman Fajar Nurjaman Fathan Bahfie firdiyono, F Hafni Lissa Nuri Handoko, Djati Hasan Fahad Idris Novianto Iskandar Muda Iskandar Muda Iskandar Muda Lingga Hermanto Mabe Siahaan Manawan, Maykel Manawan, Maykel Marliyadi Pancoko Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah Maykel Manawan Mujamilah Mujamilah Mulyaningsih, Neng Nenden Musfirah Cahya Fajrah, Musfirah Cahya Nanang Sudrajat Nelson Saksono Nelson Saksono Novizal Novizal, Novizal Novrita Idayanti Nurul Taufiqu Rochman Nurul Taufiqu Rochman Pontas Sialagan Priyono K. Priyono P Priyono Priyono Rafael F Maniur Ridwan Ridwan Roekmijati Soemantojo Roekmijati Soemantojo, Roekmijati Roekmijati W. Roekmijati W. Soemantojo, Roekmijati W. Roekmijati Widaningroem Roekmijati Widaningroem, Roekmijati Roekmijati Widaningrum Roekmijati Widaningrum, Roekmijati Rudi Subagja Saptari, Sitti Ahmiatri Setijo Bismo Setijo Bismo Setyo Purwanto Setyo Purwanto Sialagan, Pontas Sipahutar, Wahyu Solafide Sri Mulyaningsih Sri Mulyaningsih Sukmara, Sony Suprihatin Suprihatin Taufik A. Bonaedy Tito Prastyo Rahman Tito Prastyo Rahman, Tito Prastyo Tri Haryono Ulin Herlina Valency, Tiara Wakid Ali Muntoha Widi Astuti Widi Astuti Wisnu A. Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Wisnu Ari Adi Yana Taryana Yuliana Sari Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuliusman Yuyu Wahyu