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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Jurnal Ilmu Dasar BERKALA SAINSTEK Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis UNEJ e-Proceeding JC-T (Journal Cis-Trans): Jurnal Kimia dan Terapannya SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan Warta Pengabdian Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research CHEESA: Chemical Engineering Research Articles Dalton : Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia Jurnal Kartika Kimia Jurnal Teknologi Jurnal Abdimas PHB : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Progresif Humanis Brainstorming Dedikasi: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Pijar MIPA Makara Journal of Science Sewagati Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan InSTEM Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis al Kimiya : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Jurnal Penelitian Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Science and Education
Istiqomah Rahmawati
Research Center For Biobased Chemical Product, Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Universitas Jember
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Journal : Makara Journal of Science

 1 
A Comparison of Unconventional Microwave and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods used for Flavonoids Rahmawati, Istiqomah; Azizi, Daffa Hafiziaulhaq; Wibowo, Jihan Nafila; Reza, Muhammad; Fachri, Boy Arief; Palupi, Bekti; Rizkiana, Meta Fitri; Amini, Helda Wika; Ramadana, Ifan; Setiawan, Felix Arie
Makara Journal of Science
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L.) are a rich source of flavonoids, which are natural antioxidants known for their health benefits. This study investigated the use of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted ex-traction (UAE) to extract the maximum flavonoids and antioxidants from cocoa pods. MAE and UAE are efficient and sustainable methods for extracting bioactive compounds like flavonoids and antioxidants from cocoa pods, offer-ing faster extraction, reduced solvent use, and better compound preservation compared to conventional methods. These technologies unlock the untapped potential of cocoa pods for applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuti-cals. The effects of extraction time (2–10 min), microwave power (100–300 W), and the ratio of cocoa husk powder to solvent (0.02–0.06 g/mL) were evaluated for MAE. Meanwhile, for UAE, different temperatures (30–50 °C), times (10–30 min), and powers (16–48 W) were studied. The Design-Expert® software with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and a Box-Behnken Design was utilized to analyze the effects of a combination of these parameters. The re-sults showed that extraction time, microwave power, and the ratio of cocoa husk powder–solvent significantly affected the total flavonoid yield and antioxidant capacity. The highest total flavonoid yield obtained by the MAE method (123.07 ppm) was at an extraction time of 10 min, cocoa husk–solvent ratio of 0.06 mg/mL, and microwave power of 300 W. The extract obtained by the MAE method showed an excellent antioxidant capacity of 43.49 mg/mL GAEAC, and a robust antioxidant activity indicated by an IC50 value of 42.19. Conversely, the highest total flavonoid yield of the UAE method (8.45 mg/mL GAEAC) was achieved at 30 min, 40 °C, and 40 W. The extract from the UAE method demonstrated a better antioxidant capacity (7.51 mg/mL GAEAC) and antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 23.46) than that from the MAE technique
Co-Authors Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah Achmad Sjaifullah Adrian, Febri Afred, Merymistika Yufrani Afwal, Diza Raudhatul Ahmad Reza Maulufi Aini, Dwi Intan Noer Ainia, Hilda Huril Akmal, Gavinda Tsubutul Al Fajri, Maktum Muharja Alfarizi, Muhammad Alfian Anggraini, Ranita Anggi Annisa, Yasmin Ansori Ansori Ari Susanti Ariel Seanhan Haezer Arkan, Naufal Asshofy , Muhammad Agil Atiqa Rahmawati Atiqa Rahmawati Atiqa Rahmawati Azizi, Daffa Hafiziaulhaq Azzahrah, Anak Agung Nabilla Badril Azhar Badril Azhar Bambang Piluharto Bekti Palupi Bima Suci, Syeikh Maulana Bimo Bayu Aji Boy Arief Fachri Boy Fachri Brilianto, Mochamad Syadam Buana, Nayyara Aida Busroni, Busroni Dihayat, Icha Shofia Dini Rahmawaty Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Ditta Kharisma Yolanda Putri Elisah, Nor Eriska Eklezia Dwi Saputri Fachri, Boy Fakhri Arkaan Humaidi Farwah, Zilma Aliyah Fatimah, Dianavita Felix Arie Setiawan Firmansyah, Arfian Alwi Firmansyah, Muhammad Sahrul Firsta Retnaningtyas Udroto Fitriati, Diana Gailani, Jauhairiyah Gregah Pangayoman Hartanto P Gregah Pangayoman Hartono Putro Habibatul Inayah Harti Arini Hakiki, Rizki Maulana Helda Wika Amini Helda Wika Amini Heni Pujiastuti Herdianto, Dimas Nur Hidayat, Debby Aurellia Humaidi, Fakhri Arkaan Indrayani, Lilin Kamiliah, Thiflatul Lailatul Krisna Abdullah Lestari, Afrila Tutut Dwijati Lumbantoruan, Sri Lestari Maharani, Regita Gustiayu Pramisti Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Mahfud Maktum Muharja Maryanto Maryanto Meta Fitri Rizkiana Mizanurafi’ Ghifarhadi Prasiefa Mohammad Nor Muhammad Ilham Muhammad Reza Muhammad Reza Muhammad Taufiqurrohman, Muhammad Muharja, Maktum Nanda Ayudiyah Andriani Naraismanti, Nirina Indi Nikita Meidi Nova Chintya Kurniawati Nova Chintya Kurniawati Nugroho, Yeremia Prasetya Nur Karima Nur Karima Nurkholisah, Siti Nurtsulutsiyah Nurtsulutsiyah Nurtsulutsiyah Nurtsulutsiyah Nurtsulutsiyah, Nurtsulutsiyah Permatasari, Ocita Galuh Pradipta, Shima Nuril Pratama, Ilyas Arya Pravitasiwi, Nanda Tricya Julia Purimahua, Amanda Augre Maharani Rafif, M. Attar Rahma Rei Sakura Rahman, Agus Ramadana, Ifan Ratri Sekaringgalih Regita Gustiayu Pramisti Maharani Reswara Musyafa Ridho, Moh Zeinur Rizalluddin, Muhammad Rizki Fitria Darmayanti Robaniyah, Septiana Kholifatur Salsabila, Putri Ayu Saputra, Dicky Aditya Sa’roni, Achmad Septiana, Windi Yudita Septianti, Kiki Shabrina, Nadhilah Shofiah , Laila Nur Sholeha, Irdatus Suryagama, Muhammad Nabil Susanti, Tria Susilowati Susilowati Syawaludin, Syafriel Razaan Tarigan, Eigiya Nina Udroto, Firsta Retnaningtyas Uzinuzulla, Yunita Virda Wardani, Salza Belila Kusuma Wardhani, Maharani Tri Wibowo, Jihan Nafila Wiwik Pratiwi Yakub Hendrikson Manurung Yohanes Yohanes Yolanda Putri, Ditta Kharisma Zuhriah Mumtazah Zuhro, Syarifa Aminatuz