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Islamic Apologetics and Social Construction: Framing Bang Zuma's YouTube Content via James Thrower Mukhroman, Iman; Halim, Ilim Abdul
International Journal of Nusantara Islam Vol 13 No 1 (2025): International Journal of Nusantara Islam
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ijni.v13i1.45593

Social media has emerged as a critical arena for religious discourse, reshaping the dynamics of Islamic apologetics in contemporary Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the framing strategies employed in the digital content of Bang Zuma, a popular Muslim apologist on YouTube, particularly known for his polemical videos on Islam-Christianity debates. Drawing upon Robert Entman's framing theory and James Thrower's perspective on the social construction of religion, this research investigates how Bang Zuma’s content contributes to the reconstruction of Islamic identity and discourse within digital spaces. Using qualitative content analysis on three viral video transcripts, the study identifies four key framing strategies: (1) constructing a binary between the "authentic Jesus" and the "false Jesus"; (2) selectively appropriating Biblical texts; (3) positioning Islam as the true heir of monotheism; and (4) delegitimizing Christian theological authority. These strategies not only serve apologetic purposes but also enact a performative reconstruction of Islamic identity tailored to the logic of social media platforms. The findings reveal that Bang Zuma’s digital apologetics represent a transformation of traditional munazara practices, illustrating what Thrower describes as the “reconfiguration of religious authority” in the digital age, where legitimacy is increasingly built through visibility, engagement, and performativity rather than institutional credentials. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how digital religious actors utilize platform-based affordances to shape public perceptions of Islam, negotiate interfaith boundaries, and reconstruct theological narratives in a fragmented, algorithm-driven media ecosystem.

Framing Banten's north coastal sea fence as eco-theology and social movement Mukhroman, Iman; Haryanti, Erni
International Journal of Nusantara Islam Vol 13 No 2 (2025): International Journal of Nusantara Islam
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ijni.v13i2.45628

This study analyzes how the sea fence phenomenon on the north coast of Banten is framed differently by national online media (Republika) and local online media (Kabar Banten). Through Robert Entman's framing perspective and social movement theory, this research explores how the two media represent the phenomenon as a manifestation of social movements, religious movements, or a combination of both with eco-theological dimensions. Using a qualitative content analysis approach to 12 news articles published in January 2025, the research found significant differences in framing strategies: Republika tends to construct narratives with moral-religious and ecotheological dimensions attached to social movements, while Kabar Banten emphasizes socio-economic aspects and local community solidarity without explicit religious dimensions. These framing differences not only reflect the media's editorial orientation, but also manifest ideological contestation in representing the relationship between religion, ecology, and social movements in Indonesia. The case of the sea fence illustrates how local environmental resistance is interpreted through distinct ideological lenses, shaped by each media outlet's institutional identity and target audience. Republika’s ecotheological framing not only moralizes environmental activism through Islamic values but also seeks to legitimize community action within a broader spiritual discourse. In contrast, Kabar Banten grounds its reporting in the immediate socio-economic struggles of coastal residents, highlighting the pragmatic and communal aspects of resistance. This juxtaposition reveals the dynamic interplay between national and local narratives in constructing meaning around ecological and religious activism. Ultimately, this study contributes to an understanding of the role of media in shaping public perceptions of ecotheology-based socio-religious movements and demonstrates how media discourse influences community solidarity and environmental consciousness in the digital era.

The Islamic apologetics movement in social media: A framing analysis Bang Zuma's content on YouTube Mukhroman, Iman; Napilah, Paridah
Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jis.v5i3.45634

This study explores the digital Islamic apologetics movement led by Bang Zuma as a case of contemporary religious activism shaped by the dynamics of social media platforms. Using a qualitative approach that integrates framing theory and social movement theory, the research examines how Bang Zuma’s YouTube content constructs theological narratives, mobilizes collective identity, and engages a transnational Muslim audience. Through diagnostic, prognostic, motivational, and bridging frames, his content not only challenges Christian theological positions but also builds a participatory interpretive community around Islamic identity. The study reveals that the movement’s growth is facilitated by post-Reformasi political openness, algorithmic amplification, and the increasing visibility of Islam in Indonesia’s digital public sphere. While its confrontational style risks reinforcing religious polarization, it also democratizes theological engagement by making complex debates accessible to a wider public. This research contributes to the understanding of digital religion by offering a nuanced account of how framing strategies intersect with algorithmic culture and political opportunity structures, while also suggesting pathways toward more constructive models of interfaith dialogue in the digital age.

Framing Banten's north coastal sea fence as eco-theology and social movement Mukhroman, Iman; Haryanti, Erni
International Journal of Nusantara Islam Vol 13 No 2 (2025): International Journal of Nusantara Islam
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ijni.v13i2.45628

This study analyzes how the sea fence phenomenon on the north coast of Banten is framed differently by national online media (Republika) and local online media (Kabar Banten). Through Robert Entman's framing perspective and social movement theory, this research explores how the two media represent the phenomenon as a manifestation of social movements, religious movements, or a combination of both with eco-theological dimensions. Using a qualitative content analysis approach to 12 news articles published in January 2025, the research found significant differences in framing strategies: Republika tends to construct narratives with moral-religious and ecotheological dimensions attached to social movements, while Kabar Banten emphasizes socio-economic aspects and local community solidarity without explicit religious dimensions. These framing differences not only reflect the media's editorial orientation, but also manifest ideological contestation in representing the relationship between religion, ecology, and social movements in Indonesia. The case of the sea fence illustrates how local environmental resistance is interpreted through distinct ideological lenses, shaped by each media outlet's institutional identity and target audience. Republika’s ecotheological framing not only moralizes environmental activism through Islamic values but also seeks to legitimize community action within a broader spiritual discourse. In contrast, Kabar Banten grounds its reporting in the immediate socio-economic struggles of coastal residents, highlighting the pragmatic and communal aspects of resistance. This juxtaposition reveals the dynamic interplay between national and local narratives in constructing meaning around ecological and religious activism. Ultimately, this study contributes to an understanding of the role of media in shaping public perceptions of ecotheology-based socio-religious movements and demonstrates how media discourse influences community solidarity and environmental consciousness in the digital era.

Sea Fence as Moral Battlefield: Local Media Framing and Religious Narratives in Banten’s Coastal Resistance Mukhroman, Iman
Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research (IJSSR)
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijssr.06.02.17

This study analyzes how local online media framed religious narratives in the coastal social movement that rejected the construction of a sea fence on the north coast of Banten in mid-January 2025. Using a qualitative approach and Robert Entman's framing analysis method, this study examines the news coverage of two local online media, Kabar Banten online and Radar Banten online. The results of the analysis show differences in framing emphasis between the two. Kabar Banten tends to highlight the ecological dimension and legal violations of the installation of the sea fence by unknown actors, while Radar Banten emphasizes more on the aspects of social injustice and community and student solidarity as a form of resistance to the state and corporations. Both recommended the removal of the sea fence, but with different moral and political justifications. The findings show that media framing not only reflects social reality, but also produces meanings that influence public opinion and legitimize collective action. This research emphasizes public participation in marine space policy, media literacy, and the role of local media in policy conflicts, and opens up further studies on media and conflict in coastal Indonesia.

Gender Bias and Religious Conservatism in Indonesia: An Analysis of the Shuniyya Ruhama Case on Social Media Fitri, Susanti Ainul; Marzal, Novrizon; Mukhroman, Iman; Effendi, Dudy Imanuddin; Solahudin, Dindin
Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): Jurnal Iman dan Spiritualitas
Publisher : UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/jis.v5i4.48335

This study analyzes how gender bias and religious conservatism are reproduced through social media in Indonesia, using the viral case study of Shuniyya Ruhama, a female religious teacher who was attacked online for expressing religious views that were considered incompatible with conservative interpretations. The objective of this study is to uncover the dynamics of the representation of female religious authority and resistance to it in the digital space. The methodology employed is Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), utilizing data from the platforms X (Twitter), Threads, and TikTok, using a purposive sampling technique. Findings indicate that women who deliver religious sermons often face delegitimization through misogynistic religious narratives that reinforce the hegemony of religious patriarchy. Symbolic representations in the form of labeling, hate speech, and the removal of women’s religious authority status reveal unequal power dynamics. On the other hand, counter-narratives emerge from progressive communities advocating for equality in religious interpretation and women’s religious authority. This study shows that social media is not neutral, but rather an ideological arena where conservative discourse is both perpetuated and challenged. The implications of this study include the need for a reformulation of gender-fair media representation and support for digital public spaces that are inclusive of women in religious discourse.

Sea Fence as Moral Battlefield: Local Media Framing and Religious Narratives in Banten’s Coastal Resistance Mukhroman, Iman
Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Social Science Research (IJSSR)
Publisher : Future Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/ijssr.06.02.17

This study analyzes how local online media framed religious narratives in the coastal social movement that rejected the construction of a sea fence on the north coast of Banten in mid-January 2025. Using a qualitative approach and Robert Entman's framing analysis method, this study examines the news coverage of two local online media, Kabar Banten online and Radar Banten online. The results of the analysis show differences in framing emphasis between the two. Kabar Banten tends to highlight the ecological dimension and legal violations of the installation of the sea fence by unknown actors, while Radar Banten emphasizes more on the aspects of social injustice and community and student solidarity as a form of resistance to the state and corporations. Both recommended the removal of the sea fence, but with different moral and political justifications. The findings show that media framing not only reflects social reality, but also produces meanings that influence public opinion and legitimize collective action. This research emphasizes public participation in marine space policy, media literacy, and the role of local media in policy conflicts, and opens up further studies on media and conflict in coastal Indonesia.

Digital activism and environmental justice: Social media mobilization against waste management Gumelar, Rangga Galura; Mukhroman, Iman; Hafiar, Hanny
Manajemen Komunikasi Vol 10, No 2 (2026): Accredited by Republic Indonesia Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher E
Publisher : Faculty of Communication Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jmk.v10i2.66583

Background: Digital activism has increasingly shaped environmental justice movements, particularly in Global South contexts where local communities face environmental risks from large scale waste management projects. Social media platforms provide new spaces for grassroots mobilization, enabling citizens to circulate information, construct collective narratives, and attract broader public attention. However, empirical evidence on how digital activism amplifies environmental justice claims in localized environmental conflicts remains limited. Purpose: This study examines how social media activism mobilizes public engagement and strengthens environmental justice narratives in community resistance to waste management infrastructure. Methods: This research employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative content analysis and qualitative inquiry. The dataset consists of 61 Instagram posts and 175 TikTok videos related to the environmental conflict. Engagement rates (ER) were calculated to measure audience interaction, while digital observation and in-depth interviews with three key informants provided contextual insights. The analysis is informed by Schlosberg’s environmental justice framework and mediatization theory. Results: The findings indicate that visual protest narratives significantly increase engagement and narrative diffusion. A viral TikTok video depicting residents’ protests generated the highest engagement rate of 67%, significantly boosting the visibility of the campaign hashtag. Posts using symbolic protest narratives produced up to 1.8 times more social sharing compared to purely informational posts, demonstrating the importance of visual storytelling in amplifying grassroots environmental claims. Conclusion: Social media platforms function not only as communication channels but also as strategic arenas for environmental advocacy and mobilization. Implications: Digital activism can strengthen environmental justice movements by expanding citizen participation, increasing visibility of local environmental conflicts, and generating broader public pressure for more equitable environmental governance.

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