Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Berbahan Dasar Biomassa dengan Plasticizer Gliserol Maneking, Engellita; Sangian, Hanny Frans; Tongkukut, Seni Herlina Juita
Jurnal MIPA Vol 9, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jmuo.9.1.2020.27420

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dan mengkarakterisasi bioplastik yang memanfaatkan biomassa singkong. Pembuatan bioplastik dilakukan dengan dua variasi campuran yaitu pati singkong sebagai bahan dasar, gliserol + air sebagai plasticizer, asam asetat (cuka) sebagai katalis dan variasi kedua dengan kombinasi yang sama dengan penambahan alkohol sebagai pembanding. Karakterisasi bioplastik meliputi pengamatan permukaan menggunakan SEM; kristalinitas menggunakan XRD; penentuan gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR; serta menganalisis sifat termal menggunakan TGA dan DSC. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa bioplastik dengan kombinasi pati singkong+ gliserol + air + asam asetat (cuka) + alkohol mempunyai tingkat degradasi yang tinggi. Hal ini sesuai dengan analisis XRD dimana kombinasi ini memiliki nilai kristalinitas rendah. Hasil spektra IR menunjukkan adanya gugus C-H Alkana, C=O ester, dan C-H Alkena. Sementara hasil SEM memperlihatkan permukaan yang rata dan hasil analisis TGA/DSC yang memperlihatkan pengurangan massa sebesar 2,3234 mgThis study aims to create and characterize bioplastics that utilize cassava biomass. The making of bioplastics is carried out for two variations of mixture, namely cassava starch as the material-based, glycerol + water as plasticizer, acetic acid (vinegar) as a catalyst and the second variation with the same combination with the addition of alcohol as a comparison. Characterization of bioplastics includes surface observations using SEM; crystallinity using XRD; determination of functional groups using FTIR; and analyzing of thermal properties using TGA and DSC. The characterization results show that bioplastics with a combination of cassava starch + glycerol + water + acetic acid (vinegar) + alcohol have a high degree of degradation. This is in accordance with the XRD analysis where this combination has a low crystallinity value. IR spectra showed that the presence of C-H Alkana groups, C = O esters, and C-H alkenes. While the SEM results showed a flat surface and the results of the TGA / DSC analysis which showed a mass reduction of 2.3234 mg.This study aims to create and characterize bioplastics that utilize cassava biomass. The making of bioplastics is carried out for two variations of mixture, namely cassava starch as the material-based, glycerol + water as plasticizer, acetic acid (vinegar) as a catalyst and the second variation with the same combination with the addition of alcohol as a comparison. Characterization of bioplastics includes surface observations using SEM; crystallinity using XRD; determination of functional groups using FTIR; and analyzing of thermal properties using TGA and DSC. The characterization results show that bioplastics with a combination of cassava starch + glycerol + water + acetic acid (vinegar) + alcohol have a high degree of degradation. This is in accordance with the XRD analysis where this combination has a low crystallinity value. IR spectra showed that the presence of C-H Alkana groups, C = O esters, and C-H alkenes. While the SEM results showed a flat surface and the results of the TGA / DSC analysis which showed a mass reduction of 2.3234 mg.

Efek Perubahan Struktur Pati Singkong Yang Dilakukan Pretreatment Dengan Larutan Ion Dan Gelombang Mikro Terhadap Produksi Gula Aruan, Irfan; Sangian, Hanny F.; Tanauma, Adey
Jurnal MIPA Vol 7, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jm.7.1.2018.19244

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan perubahan struktur pati singkong terhadap produksi gula sebelum dan sesudah pretreatment gelombang mikro dan larutan ion. Pretreatment gelombang mikro dilakukan dengan meradiasikan gelombang elektromagnetik daya tertentu dengan tiga durasi yang berbedat pada substrat. Pretreatment larutan ion dilakukan dengan merendam substrat dalam larutan ion dengan dua konsentrasi garam selama empat hari dan kemudian dibandingkan dengan non-pretreatment. Substrat dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, FTIR dan SEM untuk menganalisis perubahan strukturnya. Produksi. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa struktur kristal pati menjadi lebih amorf dan ikatan antar molekulnya semakin lemah setelah dilakukan pretreatment. Morfologi permukaan bahan menjadi lebih kasar setelah terpapar radiasi microwave. Disisi lain, jumlah fiber pada substrat semakin berkurang setetelah direndam dalam larutan ion. Ketika substrat dihidrolisis, kandungan gula yang didapatkan lebih tinggi daripada tanpa pretreatment.This research aims to analyze the correlation of the structural change on sugar production of cassava starch before and after microwave and ionic liquid pretreatments. A microwave pretreatment was carried out by radiating electromagnetic wave with fixed power with three different durations on the substrate. The ionic liquid pretreatment was conducted by soaking the substrate in to saline water with two salt concentrations for four days and the results were compared to non-pretreatment. Then, the substrates were measured by XRD, FTIR and SEM to analiyze the structural changes. The characterization result showed that the starch crystal structure became more amorphous and molecules bonds were weaker after pretreatment. The surface morphology was rougher after being radiated by microwave. On the other hand, the fiber contents of substrate decreased after soaked on ionic liquid. When substrate were hidrolized, the sugar obtained were higher than without pretreatment.

Analisis Pengaruh Radiasi Gelombang Mikro Pada Struktur Kristal Pati (Starch) Sasue, Rianita; Sangian, Hanny Frans; Mosey, Handy IR.
Jurnal MIPA Vol 6, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jm.6.1.2017.16158

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perubahan struktur Kristal sampel setelah diberi perlakuan awal (pretreatment) dengan cara memanfaatkan radiasi gelombang Elektromagnetik. Alat yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah microwave sedangkan sampel atau substrat yang dipilih adalah pati singkong yang telah dihaluskan dan dikeringkan di bawah sinar matahari selama beberapa waktu. Bahan yang telah di pretreatmentÂ dengan microwave selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran dengan menggunakan SEM, XRD dan FTIR. Karakterisasi substrat yang telah mengalami proses pretreatment kemudianÂ dibandingkan dengan sampel alami.SEM menunjukan bahwa permukaan granula dari sampel yang dilakukan pretreatment mengalami perubahan. Dari pola XRD memperlihatkan perubahan Kristal menjadi lebih amorf pada sudut antara 15-24Â°, sedangkan pola FTIR terjadi pergeseran wilayah serapan gelombang inframerah pada sampel yangÂ dilakukan pretreatmentThis research is aimed to analyze the change of sample crystal structure after itÂ was given a pretreatment by utilizing the microwave radiation. The device that was used in this research was a microwave set, while the chosen sample or subtrate was starch which has been mashed and dried under the sunlight for days. Material that was conducted a pretreatment was then measured using SEM, XRD and FTIR. Characterization of the subtrate that has been undergone the pretreatment was then compared to the natural sample.The SEM showed that the granule surface of treated substrate changed while the XRD pattern displayed a transformation to be more amorphous at the angles of 15-24Â°. The FTIR pattern revealed the absorption of infrared wave shifted for the sample treated by microwave compared to that of original substrate.

Studi Bahan Bakar Campuran Biodiesel-Disel-Etanol: Biodiesel Dibuat Dengan Transeterifikasi Tekanan Tinggi Rombang, Joshua Renaldo; Sangian, Hanny Frans; Pasau, Guntur; Lametige, Jil Astriko
Jurnal MIPA Vol 9, No 2 (2020)
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/jmuo.9.2.2020.28925

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan studi bahan bakar campuran, etanol, diesel, dan biodiesel yang terbuat dari minyak kelapa sawit dan kelapa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar fosil dan pencemeran yang dihasilkannya. Biodiesel dibuat dengan menggunakan metode konvensional dan transesterifikasi subkritis dekat isokorik. Setelah disiapkan, biodiesel, diesel, dan etanol 96% dicampur. Sampel dianalisis menggunakan metode ASTM.Â Sampel 1b yang terdiri dari 69 % biodiesel memiliki Â densitas 0.886 , viskositas 5,182 , titik api 66 , titik tuang 6 . Sampel 2b yang mengandung 60 % biodiesel memiliki densitas 0,865 , viskositas 4,271 , titik api 65 , titik tuang 3 . Sampel 3b yang mengandung 72 % biodiesel memiliki densitas 0,878 , viskositas 5,350 , titik api 70 , titik tuang 0 . Sampel 4b yang terdiri atas 54 % biodiesel memiliki densitas 0,859 , viskositas 4,289 , titik api 56 , titik tuang 3 . Berdasarkan peraturan Pemerintah Indonesia tentang spesifikasi bahan bakar diesel, sampel 2b adalah campuran terbaik, sedangkan sampel 3b yang tidak sesuai dengan spesifikasi.The purpose of this study is to conduct a study of blended fuels, ethanol, diesel, and biodiesel prepared from palm and coconut oils. This research was conducted to reduce the usage of fossil fuels and its resulting pollution. Biodiesel was prepared using conventional method and near isochoric subcritical transesterification. After prepared, biodiesel, diesel, and 96% ethanol were mixed. The sample was analyzed using the ASTM method. Sample 1b which contains 69 % biodiesel has density 0.886 , viscosity 5.182 , flash point 66 , pour point 6 . Sample 2b containing 60 % biodiesel has density 0.865 , viscosity 4.271 , flash point 65 , pour point 3 . Sample 3b consisting 72 % biodiesel has density 0.878 , viscosity 5.350 , flash point 70 , pour point 0 . Sample 4b that contains 54 % biodiesel has density 0.859 , viscosity 4.289 , flash point 56 , pour point 3 . Based on the regulation of the Indonesia Government about diesel fuel specification, sample 2b is the best blends, while sample 3b is the least one.Â

Comparative Study of the Preparation of Reducing Sugars Hydrolyzed from High-Lignin Lignocellulose Pretreated with Ionic Liquid, Alkaline Solution and Their Combination Hanny F. Sangian; Junaidy Kristian; Sukma Rahma; Silvya Yusnica Agnesty; Setiyo Gunawan; Arief Widjaja
Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Vol. 47 No. 2 (2015)
Publisher : Institute for Research and Community Services, Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2015.47.2.3

The ionicliquid [MMIM][DMP] was synthesized from the reactants methyl imidazole [MIM] and trimethylphosphate [TMP] and verified using 1HNMR and FTIR. Coconut coir dust was pretreated with a 1% alkaline solution.Its crystalline structure increased significantly due to the dissolution of lignin and hemicelluloses under alkaline conditions, exposing the cellulose. After NaOH and IL were employed, the XRD showed that peak (002) decreased significantly and peak (101) almost vanished. This significant decrease in crystallinity was related to the alteration of the substrate from the cellulose I structure to the cellulose II structure. The pretreated substrates were hydrolyzed to convert them to reducing sugars by pure cellulase and xylanase,and the reaction was conducted at 60°C, pH 3, for 12 or 48 hours. The yields of sugar hydrolyzed from untreated and NaOH-pretreated substrates were 0.07 and 0.12 g sugar/g lignocellulose, respectively. Pretreatment with IL or the combination of NaOH+IL resulted in yields of reducing sugars of 0.11 and 0.13 g/g, respectively. These findings showed that IL pretreatment of the high-lignin lignocellulose is a new prospect for the economical manufacture of reducing sugars and bioethanol in the coming years.

Preliminary Study of Reducing Sugar Production from Coconut Husk by Enzymatic Hydrolysis Using Chitosan Immobilized Crude and Commercial Cellulase Afan Hamzah; Muhammad Nurul Hakim; Baiq Firyal Salsabilla Safitri; Nurul Maziyah; Laila Nur Rahmah; Hanny F Sangian; Soeprijanto Soeprijanto; Arief Widjaja
IPTEK The Journal for Technology and Science Vol 31, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : IPTEK, LPPM, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

The objective of this research was to study the production of sugar from coconut husk using immobilized crude and commercial cellulose, including temperature and mixing speed during immobilization. The enzyme from Aspergillus Niger was immobilized on chitosan alone and cross-linked with Glutaric Dialdehyde (GDA). Coconut husk waste was grinded and chemically pretreated using NaOH 1% (w/v). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement revealed that enzyme was covalently bonded to the support. Cellulose immobilized on chitosan cross-linked with GDA produced more sugar than immobilized on chitosan alone. Both the crude and commercial enzyme had their yield decreased after immobilization. Despite its less enzyme coupled on micro-sized chitosan, reducing sugar yielded by an immobilized enzyme on micro-sized chitosan had a competitive result with macro-sized chitosan. This may due to decreasing mass transfer resistance when using a smaller size of chitosan. Several important factors such as temperature, mixing speed, and purity of enzyme responsible for the performance of sugar produced from insoluble cellulose using cellulose immobilized on insoluble support was thoroughly discussed.

Mathematical Modelling of Alkaline and Ionic Liquid Pretreated Coconut Husk Enzymatic Hydrolysis Akbarningrum Fatmawati; Ari Anggoro; Kamila Adila Muslim; Arief Widjaja; Tantular Nurtono; Hanny Frans Sangian
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2021: BCREC Volume 16 Issue 2 Year 2021 (June 2021)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16.2.10306.331-341

The problem of crude oil reserve shortage and air quality decline currently have led researches on renewable fuel such as bioethanol and biohydrogen. The attempt to provide such biofuel involves the utilization of enormously available wasted materials, lignocellulose. Coconut husk is one of such materials available in Indonesia. The previous work had reported the quantity of total reducing sugar produced after the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated coconut husk. The pretreatment methods used were dilute sodium hydroxide solution (1 and 4% w/v), 1,3-methylmethylimidazolium dimethyl phosphate ionic liquid and the combination of both methods. This work focused on constructing the mathematical model which describes the kinetic of those enzymatic hydrolysis reactions. Mathematical model expressions help describing as well as predicting the process behavior, which is commonly needed in the process design and control. The development of mathematical model in this work was done based on the total reducing sugar concentration resulted in batch hydrolysis reaction. The kinetic parameters including initial available substrate (S0), maximum reaction rate (rmax), and half-maximum rate constant (KM). According to the values of half-maximum rate constant (KM), the enzymatic hydrolysis performance of coconut husk treated using ionic liquid is better than that treated using dilute alkaline solution as the former had shown lower KM value and hence higher enzyme affinity to the substrate. The best hydrolysis result was performed using combination of 1% dilute sodium hydroxide solution and ionic liquid with kinetic model parameter of 0.5524 g/L.h of rmax, 0.0409 g/L of KM, and 4.1919 g/L of S0. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Effect of Severity Factor on the Subcritical Water and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Coconut Husk for Reducing Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Hanny Frans Sangian; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (December 2020)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8870.786-797

Preventing the further degradation of monomeric or oligomeric sugar into by-product during biomass conversion is one of the challenges for fermentable sugar production. In this study, the performance of subcritical water (SCW) and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk toward reducing sugar production was investigated using a severity factor (SF) approach. Furthermore, the optimal condition of SCW was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), where the composition changes of lignocellulose and sugar yield as responses. From the results, at low SF of SCW, sugar yield escalated as increasing SF value. In the enzymatic hydrolysis process, the effect of SCW pressure is a significant factor enhancing sugar yield. A maximum total sugar yield was attained on the mild SF condition of 2.86. From this work, it was known that the SF approach is sufficient parameter to evaluate the SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Identifikasi sebaran dan Jenis Sesar Berdasarkan Analisis Data Anomali Gravitasi Topex Provinsi Maluku Utara Lembar Pulau Halmahera Utara Bayu Achil Sadjab; I Putu Tedy Indrayana; Kurnia Kurnia; Khafidh Nur Aziz; Adrian Rahmat Nur; Harsen Berg Janis; Hanny F. Sangian
Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Vol 19, No 2 (2022): Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
Publisher : Lambung Mangkurat University Press

Provinsi Maluku Utara terutama pulau Halmahera dan sekitarnya merupakan bagian dari kerangka sistem tektonik Indonesia yang kompleks dan memiliki aktifitas tektonik yang tinggi. Daerah ini berada pada zona pertemuan lempeng Eurasia, lempeng Pasifik, lempeng Indo-Australia dan lempeng-lempeng kecil lainnya seperti lempeng Filipina. Sebagai akibat dari geodinamika maka daerah penelitian merupakan daerah dengan aktivitas seismisitas yang cukup tinggi, dimana faktor utamanya karena terdapat banyak struktur geologi berupa antiklin, sinklin, sesar naik, sesar mendatar dan sesar normal akibat aktivitas lempeng di daerah ini. salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasikan sesar dan jenisnya adalah metode gravitasi, pada penelitian ini data yang digunakan adalah data observasi gravitasi satelit Topex dengan Luasan area penelitian adalah 3.891,62 km2 dalam bentuk Free Air Anomaly (FAA), yang kemudian dikoreksi bouguer dan koreksi medan menghasilkan Anomali Bouguer lengkap (ABL). Anomali regional dan residual menunjukkan korelasi yang baik dengan peta geologi daerah penelitian dalam mendeliniasi sebaran sesar dengan rentang nilai anomali positif (± 187 mGal) dan anomali negatif (± -14.8 mGal). Analisis anomali SVD menunjukkan sebaran sesar di daerah penelitian adalah jenis sesar turun atau sesar normal.

Effect of Severity Factor on the Subcritical Water and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Coconut Husk for Reducing Sugar Production Maktum Muharja; Nur Fadhilah; Rizki Fitria Darmayanti; Hanny Frans Sangian; Tantular Nurtono; Arief Widjaja
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2020: BCREC Volume 15 Issue 3 Year 2020 (December 2020)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.15.3.8870.786-797

Preventing the further degradation of monomeric or oligomeric sugar into by-product during biomass conversion is one of the challenges for fermentable sugar production. In this study, the performance of subcritical water (SCW) and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk toward reducing sugar production was investigated using a severity factor (SF) approach. Furthermore, the optimal condition of SCW was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), where the composition changes of lignocellulose and sugar yield as responses. From the results, at low SF of SCW, sugar yield escalated as increasing SF value. In the enzymatic hydrolysis process, the effect of SCW pressure is a significant factor enhancing sugar yield. A maximum total sugar yield was attained on the mild SF condition of 2.86. From this work, it was known that the SF approach is sufficient parameter to evaluate the SCW and enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut husk. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Title

Found 26 Documents
Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title Search

Found 26 Documents Search

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Title

Found 26 Documents
Search