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Trends in the Uses of Spirulina Microalga: A mini-review Aondohemba Samuel Nege; Endang Dewi Masithah; Junaidi Khotib
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v12i1.17506

HighlightsTrends in the uses of Spirulina over different decades were critically examinedFindings from surveyed literature indicated that Spirulina utilization was mainly focused on its food and feed potential before the last 20-30 yearsThe review observed that research focused on the health and pharmaceutical uses, biofertilizer, bioplastic, cosmetic, bioenergy and pollution control applications of Spirulina are trends that sprouted out within the last 20-25 years.The review has successfully compiled numerous uses of Spirulina microalga for easy readership by readers since many studies have been performed on the uses Spirulina but reviews of this type spanning through different beneficial aspects of Spirulina are still scarce. Hence, this review fills such gap. AbstractThere is a need to have a single document that summarises the present day uses of Spirulina. In this review, the research trend on the health and other applications of Spirulina microalga was critically evaluated. In terms of the health uses, antioxidant, antibacterial, and immunostimulant effects of Spirulina were emphasized. Other uses of the microalga discussed include the use of Spirulina for human and animal food, bioenergy, pollution and ecotoxicology control, cosmetics, bioplastics and biofertilizers. Literature search revealed that Spirulina polysaccharides, phycocyanin size and content play a role in antioxidant activity and DNA repair. The double bonds and positions of –COOH and –OH in Spirulina phenol content and Î³-linolenic fatty acids (Î³-LFA) have antimicrobial activity. Some compounds in Spirulina improve immune, increase survival rate and enhance distribution of proteins like hepcidin and TNF-α in animal models. High protein, vitamins, fatty acids (FAs) and glycoproteins in Spirulina are easily digestible due to its lack of cellulose and can improve human and livestock growth. Spirulina produces biodegradable and non-toxic biodiesel and useful co-products. Absorption of heavy metals by chemisorption occurs in Spirulina. Phycocyanin and β-carotene of Spirulina increase skin health, Spirulina also cause high cell proliferation and aids wound healing. Bioplastics produced from Spirulina are biodegradable, non-toxic with high blends. Biofertilizers from Spirulina have little or no residual risks, adds soil Nitrogen through Spirulina Nitrogen fixation ability. In addition, the survey of published works on Spirulina for the past two decades indicates that more research is been carried out in recent years using Spirulina, especially studies involving its health potentials and those concerned with molecular analysis. In conclusion, Spirulina is an exceptional commodity with numerous applications, and probably, some of its compounds causing those effects are yet to be isolated and that is one area for further research.

The Effect of Citric Acid Soaking Time on The Levels of Lead (Pb) in Lorjuk Meat (Solen sp.) Saltsa Arinda Putri; Endang Dewi Masithah; Eka Saputra
Journal of Marine and Coastal Science Vol. 12 No. 1 (2023): FEBRUARY
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmcs.v12i1.37150

Lead (Pb) is one of the pollutants in the aquatic environment that is often questioned because it has toxic and dangerous properties for aquatic biota and indirect impacts on humans who consume it. Lorjuk (Solen sp.) is one of the aquatic biotas that can accumulate lead in its body because it is a filter feeder. The levels of lead accumulated in the body of lorjuk can be reduced by immersion using a chelating agent, such as citric acid because can bind metals thereby freeing food from metal contamination such as lead. This study aimed to determine the effect of different soaking times with citric acid on the levels of lead (Pb) and determine the optimal soaking time to reduce the levels of lead (Pb) in lorjuk meat. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of three treatments for soaking lorjuk meat (1.5 hours; 3 hours and 4.5 hours). The results showed that the duration of immersion in citric acid affected the levels of lead (Pb) in lorjuk meat. The best treatment is soaking for 4,5 hours because it could reduce the levels of lead with a percentage decrease of 14,38%, organoleptic values on appearance parameter 6,07 (whole, specific meat color, bright and clean); odor 7,40 (very fresh) and texture 7,07 (elastic, solid and compact), moisture content 78,25%; protein content 8,67%; lipid content 0,65% and ash content 0,61%.

The Effect of Adding Lindur Flour (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) on Chemical Characteristic and Acceptability of Patin (Pangasius sp.) Basreng Zhenilla Mustika Berliana; Dewi Masithah, Endang; Nirmala, Dwitha
Journal of Marine and Coastal Science Vol. 13 No. 2 (2024): JUNE
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmcs.v13i2.51323

Fried fish balls (basreng) are a type of product modified through two processing processes, namely boiling and frying. Frying process can have an impact on health due to high oil absorption resulting in high fat content values. This can be overcome by providing low-fat ingredients, namely lindur fruit flour. Lindur fruit flour tends to have a high starch content, namely in the hydroxyl group. The presence of hydroxyl groups is able to bind the water content of the dough, thereby reducing water evaporation which can form product pores when frying. Binding water to the dough reduces excessive oil absorption in the product. This study was conducted to determine the effect of lindur flour (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) on chemical characteristic and acceptability of patin (Pangasius sp.). The treatment used in this study was the addition of 0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15% lindur fruit flour in the fish basreng. The parameters in this study are proximate content test and organoleptic test. The results showed that the addition of lindur fruit flour (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) made a significant difference in the resulting basreng products. Patin basreng was the addition of 5% lindur fruit flour (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) is the best patin basreng by the nutrient content and dan is the most preferred treatment by the panelis. Patin basreng was the addition of 5% lindur fruit flour (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) has nutritional component 44,91% water; 1,78% ash; 8,27% protein; 8,11% fat; and 36,92% carbohydrate.

Concentrations Fermentation of Rice Bran Addition of Lemuru Fish Oil Toward Fecundity and Production Offspring Moina macrocopa Amilaningrum, Diadara; Shofy Mubarak, Ahmad; Dewi Masithah, Endang
Journal of Marine and Coastal Science Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): FEBRUARY
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jmcs.v13i1.52547

Moina macrocopa is a natural food that has the potential for freshwater fish seeds, because of its high nutritional value, easy to digest and has a fast, fast breeding, and has a size that is in accordance with the fish's mouth opening. Problems in the use of M. macrocopa as natural food are constrained by the availability of M. macrocopa both from nature and from cultivation. Population density in M. macrocopa cultivation varies due to different quality of food used. The needs of M. macrocopa as natural food can be met if the quality and quantity of feed used optimally support population growth. This study aims to determine the effect of lemuru fish oil concentration in bran suspension fermentation on fecundity and offspring production of M. macrocopa. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments three replications, namely: control treatment (0 mg/L lemuru fish oil, 100 gram bran), P1 (4 mg/L lemuru fish oil, 100 gram bran), P2 (lemuru fish oil 5 mg/L, 100 gram bran ), P3 (lemuru fish oil 6 mg/L, 100 gram bran), P4 (7 mg/L lemuru fish oil, 100 grams), and P5 (8 mg/L lemuru fish oil, 100 gram bran ).The parameters observed were fecundity and child production per parent and water quality. Data analysis used the Analysis of Variance test followed by Duncan's multiple test. The results showed that the cultivation of M. macrocopa using different bran suspension feed with supplemented lemuru fish oil affected the fecundity and production of children per M. macrocopa parent. The concentration of lemuru fish oil of 6 mg/L in the feed resulted in a fecundity of 24,00±2,00 eggs/parent and child production is 20,33±1,52 ind/parent.

Community structure of bivalve in the Curah Ombo River Estuary, Java, Indonesia Pursetyo, Kustiawan Tri; Masithah, Endang Dewi; Idris, Mohd Hanafi; Sari, Luthfiana Aprilianita
Depik Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Vol 14, No 3 (2025): SEPTEMBER 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.14.3.46308

Curah Ombo River is an estuarine water body with a muddy substrate that serves as the optimal habitat for bivalves. However, this water body experiences fluctuations in water conditions originating from both terrestrial sources and climate change. The impacts of these conditions trigger changes in the biological conditions, including bivalves.The objective of this study was to determine the diversity index, uniformity index, dominance index, and species richness index of bivalve molluscs found in the Curah Ombo River from Marchto June. The research parameters included identification, diversity index values (H'), uniformity (E), dominance (C), and species richness (R). Water quality was also measured as a supporting factor, including depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, salinity, and brightness. All data were analyzed for their relationships using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results obtained at three points revealed nine species: Paratapes sp., Anadara antiquata, Anadara transversa, Anadara granosa, Meretrix meretrix, Scapharca pilula, Mytilus placuna, and Atrina pectinata. Point 2 showed the highest values for most diversity index values (H'), uniformity (E), dominance (C), and species richness (R), exceeding points 1 and 3. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) show that total bivalve mollusks are categorized into one category together with salinity, light intensity, location, dissolved oxygen (DO), depth, and temperature.Keywords:MarineAquacultureInvertebratesLife feedEnvironmentEconomy

Community structure of bivalve in the Curah Ombo River Estuary, Java, Indonesia Pursetyo, Kustiawan Tri; Masithah, Endang Dewi; Idris, Mohd Hanafi; Sari, Luthfiana Aprilianita
Depik Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Vol 14, No 3 (2025): SEPTEMBER 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.14.3.46308

Curah Ombo River is an estuarine water body with a muddy substrate that serves as the optimal habitat for bivalves. However, this water body experiences fluctuations in water conditions originating from both terrestrial sources and climate change. The impacts of these conditions trigger changes in the biological conditions, including bivalves.The objective of this study was to determine the diversity index, uniformity index, dominance index, and species richness index of bivalve molluscs found in the Curah Ombo River from Marchto June. The research parameters included identification, diversity index values (H'), uniformity (E), dominance (C), and species richness (R). Water quality was also measured as a supporting factor, including depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, salinity, and brightness. All data were analyzed for their relationships using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results obtained at three points revealed nine species: Paratapes sp., Anadara antiquata, Anadara transversa, Anadara granosa, Meretrix meretrix, Scapharca pilula, Mytilus placuna, and Atrina pectinata. Point 2 showed the highest values for most diversity index values (H'), uniformity (E), dominance (C), and species richness (R), exceeding points 1 and 3. The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) show that total bivalve mollusks are categorized into one category together with salinity, light intensity, location, dissolved oxygen (DO), depth, and temperature.Keywords:MarineAquacultureInvertebratesLife feedEnvironmentEconomy

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