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UTILIZATION OF BAGASSE ASH FOR THE PREPARATION OF SILICA AEROGEL/MgO COMPOSITES THROUGH AMBIENT-PRESSURE DRYING Azhar, Istighfarin Meilidya; Nazriati, Nazriati; Kusumaningrum, Irma Kartika
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v8i2.27564

Abstract

This study presents the preparation of silica aerogel/MgO composites using bagasse ash as a silica source and MgCl₂·6H₂O as the MgO precursor. Sodium silicate was extracted from bagasse ash and converted into silicic acid through ion-exchange treatment. Silica aerogel formation was achieved through gelation, followed by surface modification using TMCS and HMDS. Magnesium oxide was incorporated via co-precipitation with MgCl₂·6H₂O and subsequently stabilized through calcination. The composites were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and BET–BJH analyses. XRD results revealed a hybrid amorphous–crystalline structure, with silica predominantly in the amorphous phase and MgO in the crystalline phase. BET analysis showed a pore volume of 0.50 cm³/g and a specific surface area of 121.99 m²/g, while the pore-size distribution confirmed its mesoporous nature. FTIR spectra indicated the presence of functional groups corresponding to Si–O–Si, Si–C, C–H, and Mg–O, confirming the successful integration of MgO into the silica aerogel framework. These findings demonstrate the successful preparation of silica aerogel/MgO composites from bagasse ash under ambient-pressure drying conditions.
NaOH-MODIFIED ACTIVATED CARBON FROM CORNCOBS AS A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION IN ULTRASOUND-ENHANCED TRANSESTERIFICATION OF USED COOKING OIL Santana, Rosanina Kartika; Aliyatulmuna, Adilah; Nazriati, Nazriati; A'yun, Amalia Qurrata
Walisongo Journal of Chemistry Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): Walisongo Journal of Chemistry
Publisher : Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology UIN Walisongo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/wjc.v8i2.28915

Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel composed of fatty acid methyl esters that can be synthesized from renewable sources and offers lower combustion emissions compared to fossil fuels. In this study, biodiesel was produced via a transesterification reaction using a basic heterogeneous catalyst derived from corncob carbon, which was activated and surface-modified with NaOH to create active catalytic sites. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of Na₂CO₃ and Na₂O, while SEM-EDX revealed a porous surface morphology with uniformly distributed sodium. Used cooking oil (UCO) served as the triglyceride source after undergoing degumming, neutralization, and adsorption processes to reduce free fatty acid (FFA) content. The transesterification reaction was conducted in an ultrasonic water bath using the reflux method at 60°C with an oil-to-methanol molar ratio of 1:12. The optimum reaction conditions were achieved using 0.5 wt% catalyst and a reaction time of 120 minutes, yielding 73.15% biodiesel. The quality of the biodiesel produced under optimum conditions was evaluated based on density, viscosity, acid value, and calorific value, which were 857 kg/m³, 3.8743 cSt, 0.2504 mg KOH/g, and 11,168 cal/g, respectively. These values comply with the quality requirements specified in SNI 04-7182-2015. GC-MS analysis confirmed that the major components of the biodiesel were methyl oleate and methyl palmitate. The utilization of corncob waste as a sustainable catalyst support, combined with alkali modification and ultrasonic enhancement, offers improved catalytic efficiency under mild operating conditions. This eco-friendly catalyst demonstrates strong potential for green catalytic processes in renewable energy development.
Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles (CuO NPs) Using Papaya Leaf (Carica papaya L.) Extract as a Capping Agent Pangestutia, Citra Pramestiardhiani; Nazriati, Nazriati
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 17 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v17i1.866

Abstract

The existence of pathogenic bacteria remains a serious problem in various fields. Prolonged use of conventional antibiotics can cause bacterial resistance; therefore, a safe and effective antibacterial alternative, such as copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs), is needed. This research uses a green synthesis method that is environmentally friendly. This study aims to synthesize CuO nanoparticles using papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya L.) as a stabilizing or capping agent because it contains secondary metabolite compounds that play a role in stabilizing and preventing nanoparticle agglomeration. Variations in the volume of extract added to the precursor were conducted to determine the optimal volume for the formation of CuO nanoparticles. The successful synthesis of CuO nanoparticles was demonstrated by XRD peaks in accordance with JCPDS standard No. 45-0937 and the appearance of characteristic CuO absorption peaks. The results showed that increasing the volume of extract led to an increase in crystal and particle size. The optimal extract volume produces smaller CuO nanoparticles, which increase the surface area and widen the band gap. These effects enhance Cu²⁺ release and ROS generation, leading to improved antibacterial activity. The optimal extract volume for CuO nanoparticle formation was 6.25 mL, as it provided the most favorable balance between particle growth and stability. The antibacterial test using the disc diffusion method showed that antibacterial activity increased at the optimum extract volume but decreased when the extract addition was too high. This study shows that papaya leaf extract is effective as an agent in the synthesis of CuO NPs and provides potential antibacterial activity.