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Analisis Layer System Bambu Laminasi Berdasarkan Penyebaran Kerapatan Ikatan Pembuluhnya Effendi Tri Bahtiar; Naresworo Nugroho; Surjono Surjokusumo; Lina Karlinasari; Atmawi Darwis
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2013): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Anatomically, bamboo is constructed from many types of cells. Vascular bundles are the cells which give the highest contribution to the bamboo strength, thus the density distribution of vascular bundles could be used as the main variable for analyzing the layer system of bamboo strip and laminated bamboo. The density of vascular bundles distribution decreases gradually from the outer to inner part in a regular manner which could be fitted by linear or nonlinear function. Ratio of modulus of elasticity (E) which widely used in transformed cross section (TCC) method for analyzing the layer system are substituted by ratio of density distribution of vascular bundles with asumption that both are highly correlated. The data in this study proved that there are high Pearson’s corellation between the theoretical and the empirical result, and the paired t-student test also showed both are not significantly different; thus, this new method could be applied in very good result. There are 3 models applied in this study, namely linear, logarithm, and power. Power model is the best among others since its theoretical gives the nearest estimation to the empirical measurement.

Ciri Bilah Bambu dan Buluh Utuh pada Bambu Tali dan Bambu Ampel Naresworo Nugroho; Effendi Tri Bahtiar; Azhar Anas
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 18 No. 3 (2013): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Bamboo is a natural resource that can be used as a basic commodity to substitute wood. To determine the use of a basic commodity, it is needed to study the basic characteristic of bamboo, in terms of anatomy, physical, and mechanical properties. Some studies of this topic, especially for engineering purpose, have been done, but the most of them used sample experiment in the form of bamboo culm. Therefore, it is necessary to find out whether experiments using bamboo strip are equivalent with the value of bamboo culm. This study used tali and ampel bamboos. The anatomy observation followed the Manual of Anatomy Practical Work and Wood Identification by Pandit (1991) and Nuryatin (2000), tests were based on Nuryatin’s study (2000). Sample tests for mechanical properties were based on ASTM D 143-94 and modification of ISO 22157-1:2004. The results showed that physical properties of internode of tali bamboo were inferior than that of the node, in contrary to ampel bamboo, which was better than that of the node. For all mechanical properties, internodes of tali and ampel bamboos were better than that of the node. The modulus of elasticity of the bamboo culm was lower 110% than that of the bamboo strip and the modulus of rupture of the bamboo culm was lower 230% than that of the bamboo strip. On the other side, τTk// of the bamboo culm was 15% higher than that of the bamboo strip.

Peranan Rekayasa Dalam Sistem Pemanfaatan Kayu Konstruksi di Indonesia Surjono Surjokusumo; Naresworo Nugroho
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 1 No. 1 (1991): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

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Up to now the main problem wich always appears in timber construction design is that structural timber is not available readily in the market. A machine stress rating system called PANTER is practical and suitable to the social, economical and technological conditions f the Indonesian way of life, trying to reduce the gap between theory (design) and practice (implementation) of timber construction through structural timber procurement from sawn timber commercial as well as lesser known species in the market. The objective of the study of the role of engineering is to establish a supply system for structural timber in the frame os supporting the realization of a rational timber construction practice. The methodology approach is to identify and study problems related to the producer (sawmill industry) and the construction community (Perumnas or private enterprise) through stress grading activity in the field and to gather secondary data, followed with description and comparative analysis. The result of the study showed that from 2700 pieces of lumber which had been stress graded, consisted of sizes of 5/7, 5/10 and 6/12 cm/cm, were in the range of structural grade TS-7 up to TS-25 (82 %) with the rest of 9 % rejects and only 9 % falls under high strength category (TS-27 up to TS-25). It also was concluded that the stresses in the members produced from the design loadings could be arranged such that each member can function according to a standard size as well as its strength. Optimation using structural timber was achieved through size and stress grade arrangements, such that the needed members of a structural component could be adjusted to the availability of stress grade composition which exist in the field.

Development Of Panel Sandwich Products Made From Bamboo Naresworo Nugroho; Jajang Suryana; . Febriyani; Hady Ikhsan
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 19 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

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Composite panel products such as sandwich panel can be used in building construction. The purpose of the first research is to find out the physical and mechanical properties of sandwich panel made from three bamboo species.The species of bamboo used were tali (Gigantochloa apus), ampel (Bambusa vulgaris) and hitam (Gigantochloa atroviolaceae). Those bamboo were used as core, whereas plywood was used as face and back. Part of core represented by pieces of bamboo which was cutting along 4 cm with three compilation patterns of bamboo, those were full circular bamboo pattern, bamboo cleave pattern and the mixed of them. Materials that used in second research were tali bamboo used as core with thickness of 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm and three synthetic adhesives (epoxy, polyurethane, isocyanate). The physical and mechanical properties tested of sandwich panel were moisture meter, density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and internal bond strength. The testing results of the panel were compared to JIS A 5908-2003 standard. The result of physical properties testing from the first research indicated that all of the density of sandwich panel met in the range required by JIS A 5908 standard. The result of mechanical properties showed that sandwich panel made from full circular bamboo pattern raced the best MOE and MOR value. Mean while the species of bamboo did not affect significantly to the mechanical properties of the sandwich panel. Result of second research showed that moisture content and density of sandwich panel has fulfilled the standard limit of JIS A 5890-2003. In mechanical characteristic testing for MOE value passed the standard limit, but MOR value of panel does not fulfill the standard of JIS A 5890-2003. It is expected by off-bonding of adhesive between bamboo and plywood. It can be concluded that combination of sandwich panel with core 3 cm and epoxy resin had the best of physical and mechanical properties.Keywords: bamboo sandwich panel, adhesives, physical properties, mechanical properties.

Equations of the Sum of Shear Connector on the Double Shear Connection Strength using Different Connector Materials Dwi Joko Priyono; Surjono Surjokusumo; Yusuf S. Hadi; Naresworo Nugroho
Wood Research Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2012): Wood Research Journal
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51850/wrj.2012.3.2.81-86

Mangium wood from the timber estate have been developed continuously in an effort to reach the fulfilling of wood fiber and construction material needs to replace role of timber from the natural forests which has been decreased. Timber connection requires a connector such as bolt that can distribute both the load of wood to wood and the compression or tensile stress through all the connections. Bearing slip is a connector that is inserted into a hole in the wood, which bears pressure and shear. Bolted connection is the most commonly used because it is easy to apply, even though it is less efficient due to the shear forces will be retained by the bolts and wood only on the cross-sectional area of the bolt. This research trying to find the equations of the sum of bearing slip connector to the strength of double shear connection which composed of 17 years old mangium. The connector was made from different materials that consisted of the same mangium, compressed mangium, ironwood and steel. The bearing slip connector consisted of two forms (dowel and rectangular) and arranged on one until three pairs of connector. The size and placement of the double-shear component based on Anonymous (2002), each form of the sample was made in 4 replications and all of them have been tested using a 35-ton Baldwin UTM. The result showed that the rectangular steel bearing slip connector has the highest equation (y = 5322e0.329x ) meanwhile the lowest equation was the ironwood materials (y = 3164e0.405x ). All of equations give high correlations ( R2 between 0.743 to 0.947). Bearing slip connector can improve the ability of the connection in load-bearing. Densified of mangium able to raise the connection system's ability however not significantly, both in strength and displacement. Ironwood connector are not well used as a retaining shear pin because of easy to split and significantly much below in capacity than mangium wood. Steel connector resulted the higher load-bearing significantly than mangium and ironwood. Dowel do not differ in terms of strength as compared with rectangle, and each additional number of connector producing an increase in load-bearing ability significantly. Observation on the displacement value shows that for the value which applied usually in Indonesia reach the strength ratio (SR) as 92.21% to the proportion limit and 44.91% to the maximum load. This value was in below position of the US standard (24.17 and 11.77%) and of the Australian standard (51.46 and 25.06%) to the proportional limit and maximum load respectively. Displacement achievement at the proportional limit varies from 1.1 to 2.2 mm, so that the minimum requirement of 1.5 mm displacement is not fulfilled by some treatments, however all of the connection system have passed the 1 mm displacement.

Connection is the weakest point of the structural building system. Structural construction building system must ensure that there is only a tensile force or just axial compression that is working on the connection. Data on the lateral design values (Z) double shear connection wood beam with nails of steel side plates for various types of tropical Indonesian wood have not studied much. Average moisture content (MC) for the main member varies from 13.3 to 22.5% while average specific gravity (r) f Sucahyo SADIYO; Naresworo NUGROHO; Surjono SURJOKUSUMO; Imam WAHYUDI
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Connection is the weakest point of the structural building system. Structural construction building system must ensure that there is only a tensile force or just axial compression that is working on the connection. Data on the lateral design values (Z) double shear connection wood beam with nails of steel side plates for various types of tropical Indonesian wood have not studied much. Average moisture content (MC) for the main member varies from 13.3 to 22.5% while average specific gravity (r) from 0.27 to 0.76 and then wood density from 0.31 to 0.89 g/cm3. From this average value of MC, SG and wood density the lowest is sengon and the highest is rasamala wood. Average allowable load of compression parallel to grain ( ) and parallel tensile ( )is sengon, but the highest is bangkirai. There is a general tendency that and is linier to r of those wood. is approximately 2 times greater than its . The number of nail (4-10 pieces) did not give effect of average Z, but with the nail diameter 4.1 to 5.2 mm Z increased significantly and this value decreased on 5.5 mm diameter nail. Average Z also increases with increasing of ρ for displacement 1.50 mm (Indonesian Standard PKKI NI-5 1961)) and 5.0 mm (breaking load). The increasing of Z happens because ρ effect. At 5.0 mm displacement the increase of Z is not as sharp as that of 1.5 mm. Power regression type is the best equation to predict Z of wood density for several diameters of nails. Keywords : Allowable load of tensile parallel to grain, density, displacement, double shear connection, lateral design values

The research objectives are to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of OSB based on strand orientations made from akasia wood (Acacia mangium Wild) and afrika wood (Maesopsis eminii Engl). Akasia and afrika wood are used for OSB strand material with phenol formaldehyde (PF) as adhesives and addition of paraffin. OSB made in this research consists of three plies whereas are differed into eight strand orientations. Hot press was carried out at 160ºC and pressure 25 kg/cm² for 15 minutes. D NURHAIDA .; Naresworo NUGROHO; Dede HERMAWAN
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 1 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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The research objectives are to evaluate physical and mechanical properties of OSB based on strand orientations made from akasia wood (Acacia mangium Wild) and afrika wood (Maesopsis eminii Engl). Akasia and afrika wood are used for OSB strand material with phenol formaldehyde (PF) as adhesives and addition of paraffin. OSB made in this research consists of three plies whereas are differed into eight strand orientations. Hot press was carried out at 160ºC and pressure 25 kg/cm² for 15 minutes. Determination of OSB physical and mechanical properties referred to JIS A 5908-2003. Result showed that strand orientations have not affected to OSB physical properties except for linear swelling 24 h, but it significantly influences all mechanical properties of OSB. Wood species has an effect on mechanical properties of OSB in the dry test, wet MOE lengthwise test and OSB physical properties, particularly to OSB density and water absorbing capability at 2 h and 24 h. All of OSB physical properties are meet JIS A 5908-2003 standard, but not all of the mechanical properties such as dry MOE lengthwise, dry MOE and MOR widthwise. The best physical and mechanical properties is presented by OSB made from akasia wood in strand orientation F (core layer is orientated and surface layers are in random, R°/0°/R°), G (core layer is orientated 45° and surface layers are in random, R°/45°/R°), B (surface strand direction is upright to core strand direction, 0°/90º/0°), and C (core layer is in random, surface layers are orientated, 0°/R/0°) whereas all parameters meet JIS A 5908-2003 standard. In comparation with strand orientation B that is frequent used in industry, strand orientation F and G are proficient to raise the modulus elasticity value (MOE) and strength (MOR) as much as 167.8-231.7% and 89.7-109.9%, respectively; especially in widthwise board application. Furthermore, strand orientation F and G are more flexible as structural components. Keywords: Oriented strand board, strand orientation, phenol formaldehyde

Glued-laminated (glulam) beams is one of engineered wood products used for structural applications. The objective of this research is to evaluate characteristics of glulam beams made from Acacia mangium Willd. Laminations used were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 cm in widthnesses, 2 cm in thickness and 260 cm in length. Each lamination was graded using Machine Stress Grading (namely by Panter or plank sorter) to determine the modulus of elasticity (MOE) value. The glulam beams was 6 cm x 12 cm in five Evalina HERAWATI; Muh. YUSRAM MASSIJAYA; Naresworo NUGROHO
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Glued-laminated (glulam) beams is one of engineered wood products used for structural applications. The objective of this research is to evaluate characteristics of glulam beams made from Acacia mangium Willd. Laminations used were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 cm in widthnesses, 2 cm in thickness and 260 cm in length. Each lamination was graded using Machine Stress Grading (namely by Panter or plank sorter) to determine the modulus of elasticity (MOE) value. The glulam beams was 6 cm x 12 cm in five types of cross-section which arranged by various widths and those MOE of laminations. Glulam beams were bonded by water based polymer isocyanate (WBPI) using 280 g/m2 double glue spread. The research results showed that glulam beams made from A. mangium Willd. fulfilled the JAS 234:2003 standard as on following properties: moisture content, MOE, MOR, shear strength and immersion delamination test. However, performance of glulam was unsatisfactory in wood failure ratio and boiling water soak delamination test. Keywords: Glulam beam, MOE, MOR, shear strength, delamination

The objective of this research is to evaluate the characteristic of composite board made from coconut fibre, recycled polypropylene (RPP), and bamboo matting layers. The board samples target density was 0,70 g/cm3. The board construction type was core type composite board (three layers). Coconut fiber and RPP were used as core, and bamboo matting was used as face and back layers. RPP was used 50% based on coconut fiber oven dry weight. The bamboo sheet wide is 1 cm and 2 cm, with and without b Dina SETYAWATI; Yusuf SUDO HADI; Muh. YUSRAM MASSIJAYA; Naresworo NUGROHO
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 1 No. 1 (2008): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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The objective of this research is to evaluate the characteristic of composite board made from coconut fibre, recycled polypropylene (RPP), and bamboo matting layers. The board samples target density was 0,70 g/cm3. The board construction type was core type composite board (three layers). Coconut fiber and RPP were used as core, and bamboo matting was used as face and back layers. RPP was used 50% based on coconut fiber oven dry weight. The bamboo sheet wide is 1 cm and 2 cm, with and without bark. The bamboo matting layers were used in slope (45˚) and perpendicular (0/90˚) orientation to length of the board. The research results showed that utilization of bamboo matting layers increase the mechanical properties of board. All of composite board made from coir, RPP, and bamboo matting layers fulfill the JIS A 5908 standard in density, thickness swelling after 24 hours of water immersions, and screw holding power. Only composite boards with bamboo matting layers with bark, sheet wide 1 cm, and perpendicular orientation to length of the board fulfill JIS A 5908 1994 standard for veneered particleboard in MOE. However, application of bamboo matting layers without bark is adviced better because more efficient in the raw material using. Keywords: Composites board, coconut fiber, recycled polyprophylene, bamboo matting layers

Pangsor (Ficus callosa WILLD) and kecapi (Sandoricum kucape MERR) are usually planted in garden and rural forest. The objective of this study was to determine its specific gravity (SG), maximum crushing strength (σc//), longitudinal modulus elasticity (EL), and Poisson’s ratio (n). The compression test was conducted referring to ASTM D143-94(2000) using UTM Instron 3369 which is equipped with two biaxial clip on extensometers. The result showed that vertical and horizontal position of wood i Lusita WARDANI; Effendi Tri BAHTIAR; Ignasia Maria SULASTININGSIH; Atmawi DARWIS; Lina KARLINASARI; Naresworo NUGROHO; Surjono SURJOKUSUMO
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu Teknologi Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Departemen Hasil Hutan, IPB

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Pangsor (Ficus callosa WILLD) and kecapi (Sandoricum kucape MERR) are usually planted in garden and rural forest. The objective of this study was to determine its specific gravity (SG), maximum crushing strength (σc//), longitudinal modulus elasticity (EL), and Poisson’s ratio (n). The compression test was conducted referring to ASTM D143-94(2000) using UTM Instron 3369 which is equipped with two biaxial clip on extensometers. The result showed that vertical and horizontal position of wood in the trees statistically significant influenced on SG and σc//. Horizontal position in Pangsor wood affected its EL, but the other position in both species were not significantly different. There were poor correlations between SG with EL and σc//. Poisson’s ratio value of both woods were in a range 0.0045 – 0.275 for longitudinal-radial direction (nLR), and 0.0151 – 0.1289 for longitudinal-tangensial direction (nLT). Keywords : Longitudinal Modulus of Elasticity, Maximum Crushing Strength, Poisson’s Ratio, Pangsor wood, Kecapi wood

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