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Method to Estimate Mechanical Properties of Glulam on Flexure Testing Based on Its Laminae Characteristics and Position Effendi Tri Bahtiar; Naresworo Nugroho; Muh Yusram Massijaya; Han Roliandi; Rentry Augusti; Adi Satriawan
Indonesian Journal of Physics Vol 22 No 2 (2011): Vol. 22 No. 2, April 2011
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (305.864 KB) | DOI: 10.5614/itb.ijp.2011.22.2.4

Abstract

Glulam strength is affected by its laminae characteristics and position. Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rupture of layer system (including glulam) is usually estimated by Transformed cross section (TCS) method recently. But, TCS does not follow the principal due to its contrary assumption related with the reduction of material’s plane area for laminae with lower E value and the extension of its plane area for laminae with higher E value. In fact the material properties are independent from its shape and size. Therefore, new calculation method is required. As the relevance, this paper discusses the formulation of a new method to determine the E and SR for glulam based on its laminae properties and position. E and SR calculated by TCS and new method give identical values. The new method confirms the independence of E and SR which could not be fulfilled by TCS. According to this fact, TCS could be replaced by new method. The theoretical E value was higher than its coresponding empirical value, but it has high correlation (R2=68.53%). On the contrary, the theoretical SR value was not significantly different from its coresponding empirical values, but they have poor correlation (R2=27.93%). This condition happened because of finger joint effect on the compression and tension side of the sample. Incorporating the finger joint effect into regression analysis, the equation provides very good prediction. The coefficients of determination were 99.58% and 97.19%, for E and SR respectively.
Enhancing Performance Production Forest Inventory in Java Using LiDAR Technology Hartanto, Rachmat Pudjo; Kusmana, Cecep; Nugroho, Naresworo
Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) Vol 15 No 2 (2025): Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (JPSL)
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup, IPB (PPLH-IPB) dan Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, IPB (PS. PSL, SPs. IPB)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jpsl.15.2.218

Abstract

Forest inventory (FI) is an essential process for assessing the quality and quantity of forest resources, forming the foundation for strategic planning and sustainable management. Terrestrial methods (sampling / census), remote sensing methods, or a combination of these can be used to obtain this data and information. This study explores the application of LiDAR technology to improve forest inventory practices in plantation forests (teak and pine) in Java, Indonesia. LiDAR sensors, deployed via drones and handheld devices, were tested in several Perum Perhutani Forest Management Unit compartments, which were the locations of proof of concept (PoC). PoC is a testing process to prove the feasibility of a concept or methodology before it is implemented. The results showed that LiDAR-based inventories provide superior accuracy compared to traditional methods, with data showing strong alignment with ground-truth measurements. These results underscore the potential of LiDAR technology to revolutionize FI practices and inform sustainable forest management strategies in Java and beyond. The use of this technology in natural forests where the variety of tree species is more diverse certainly requires further study.
Mutu Kayu Gergajian Komersial di Toko Bangunan Kawasan Cibubur Berdasarkan Keragaan Fisik Kayunya Christiawan, Nikolaus Adven; Nugroho, Naresworo; Larasatie, Pipiet; Karlinasarie, Lina
ULIN: Jurnal Hutan Tropis Vol 9, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Mulawarman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32522/ujht.v9i2.19212

Abstract

Penggunaan kayu sebagai bahan material bangunan masih menjadi pilihan untuk berbagai keperluan termasuk untuk komponen bangunan. Kawasan Cibubur menjadi contoh daerah yang sangat pesat perkembangan wilayahnya karena dinggap menjaadi daerah penyangga beberapa kota besar dan industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis serta mengevaluasi kualitas kayu gergajian komersial yang dijual di pasaran melalui toko bangunan yang ada. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 1,050 sampel kayu dari berbagai bentuk dan ukuran sortimen berupa balok, papan, kaso, dan reng yang diperoleh dari 36 toko bangunan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penilaian visual dari 10 sampel untuk semua sortimen yang tersedia di toko bangunan. Penilaian jenis cacat berupa mata kayu, miring serat, dan cacat badan lain seperti retak dan pecah, serta cacat bentuk akibat proses pengeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan cacat utama yang paling paling banyak dijumpai adalah cacat mata kayu. Sebagian besar sortimen yang dijual di kawasan Cibubur masih termasuk ke dalam mutu A. Penilaian terhadap strength ratio menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas sampel sortimen yang dijual di Kawasan Cibubur memiliki strength ratio yang tinggi masuk pada rentang 100-76%.
Faktor Stabilitas Balok Kayu pada Konfigurasi Pembebanan Terpusat: Stability Factor of Wooden Beams in One Point Loading Agustina Hayatunnufus; Naresworo Nugroho; Bahtiar, Effendi Tri
Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Vol. 7 No. 2: Agustus 2022
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan IPB

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsil.7.2.129-146

Abstract

The use of wood as a building material must be designed quite rigid and strong. According to SNI 7973:2013, the corrected design value on the wooden structure components must be in accordance with the condition of wood to be used. The objective of this study is to determine the value of timber beams stability (CL) both of softwood and hardwood based on SNI 7973:2013 for construction purposes. The material in this research to be used are pine (Pinus merkusii), agathis (Agathis dammara), mahagony (Swietenia macrophylla), and red meranti (Shorea leprosula). Testing of physical properties include moisture content, specific gravity, and density, meanwhile testing of mechanical properties include flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and ductility. Mechanical testing is carried out on a small clear specimens and full-size specimens, while the physical properties are tested only on a small clear specimens. The full-size specimens are visually sorted and the strength ratio (S) is determined prior to mechanical testing. The result of this study showed that the highest strength ratio was in meranti 55.85%, agathis 52.98%, pine 46.76%, and mahogany 46.60%. Softwood has a lower S value to more knot defects than hardwood. The slenderness ratios of agathis, pine, mahogany, and meranti wood respectively are 7.48, 7.45, 7.40 and 7.66 so that all specimens are referred to as short beams. The value of beam stability (CL) is close to 1 that indicates that the beams are stable and does not twist.
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ROYAL PALM (Roystonea regia (Kunth O.F.Cook) as a COMPOSITE REINFORCING MATERIAL Adzkia, Ulfa; Hasanuddin, Hasanuddin; Nugroho, Naresworo; Karlinasari, Lina
Gorontalo Journal of Forestry Research VOLUME 8 NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2025 GORONTALO JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH
Publisher : Universitas Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32662/gjfr.v8i1.3995

Abstract

The Royal Palm (Roystonea regia) is a type of monocotyledonous plant that is widely planted, especially as an ornamental plant that is part of the urban landscape. However, in its growth, there is a natural cycle where the royal palm leaves will fall and end up as waste. In this case, the royal palm leaf sheath is thought to have potential as a composite reinforcement material. However, in its utilization as a composite reinforcement material, basic information such as the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material needs to be known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties and potential utilization of the royal palm leaf sheath. The research shows that the green royal palm leaf sheath's water content and density are higher than the brown leaf sheath. In addition, the dimensional stability of the green leaf sheath is higher than that of the brown leaf sheath. The tensile strength of the green conditions is lower than that of the brown conditions, and the strength decreases towards the core of the royal palm leaf sheath. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the fibers from the two leaf sheath conditions is not significantly different. This test shows that the royal palm leaf sheath fiber is classified into fiber class II. This shows that the royal palm leaf sheath has the potential as a composite reinforcement material.
MENGIDEALISASIKAN PENAMPANG LINTANG BULUH BAMBU MENJADI BENTUK GEOMETRI CONIC UNTUK MENGHITUNG SIFAT PENAMPANGNYA Effendi Tri Bahtiar; Asep Denih; Lina Karlinasari; Gustian Rama Putra; Naresworo Nugroho; Sulistyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 40 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2022.40.3.165-188

Abstract

A designer needs to simplify the bamboo cross-section shape variation to the closest standard geometry so a structural analysisof bamboo construction can be carried out. Bamboo culm’s cross-sectional geometrics vary and may be similar to conic such as acircle, ellipse, or egg-shape ring. The best-fit conic section, which is the most similar to the actual geometric shape of the bambooculm’s cross-section, should be considered. This study formulates mathematical equations for calculating the bamboo culm’s crosssectional properties (including the area, the first moment of area, the centroid, and the moment of inertia), which are fitted by acircle, ellipse, and egg-shaped ring. The thickness, diameter, major axis, and minor axis of four bamboo species (i.e., Gigantochloaapus, Bambusa vulgaris, Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea, and Gigantochloa robusta) were measured, and thosevalues were substituted into the equations to produce the range of cross-sectional properties of each species.
KARAKTERISTIK FINISHING DAN SIFAT DASAR LANTAI BAMBU SEBAGAI PENGGANTI KAYU SOLID Khairun Hidayat; Naresworo Nugroho; Dede Hermawan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 40 No. 3 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2022.40.3.215-223

Abstract

Bamboo as a substitute for flooring raw materials is very potential to be developed because generally flooring is made of solidwood or other types of hardwood which have high quality but limited availability. Bamboo is chosen in the flooring industry, becauseof its distinctive and shiny pattern, and has a fairly high density. In this study, the flooring were made with various strips arrangementof horizontal (H), vertical (V), and combination (K) using Indonesian bamboo and coated with various number of water-basedfinishing layers (0, 3, 5). The bamboo flooring were tested referring to the ISO 21629-1 bamboo flooring for indoor use standardto evaluate the influence of the treatments on test results, and is expected to be able to provide recommendations for the preparationof SNI for bamboo flooring. The tests include the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), stain resist,adhesion test, abrasion test, and hardness by pencil test. The result showed that the vertical arrangement formulation with threelayers of coating exhibite the best average score in this study with an MOE value of 162,603 kg/cm2, MOR 1,259.331 kg/cm2,adhesion test 2―4B, abrasion test 0.1149 g, and hardness by pencil test 2-4H compared to other formulations and teak flooringas a control. This bamboo product innovation is expected to be produced commercially and with good characteristics and can be usedas a reference standard in making Indonesian standart of bamboo flooring
KEKUATAN BAMBU BETUNG (Dendrocalamus asper Backer ex K.Heyne) MENAHAN GAYA NORMAL TEKANAN DAN TARIKAN Naresworo Nugroho; Effendi Tri Bahtiar; Arya Budhijatmiko Lelono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol. 40 No. 1 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : BRIN Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2022.40.1.37-48

Abstract

Bamboo is multifunctional forest product that can be used as furnitures, crafts, music instruments, and construction materials.The value of the compressive and tensile strength of bamboo has been used in construction design, but it is still limited, for exampleas a column or concrete reinforcement. This research aimed to determine the mechanical properties of a four years old betung bamboo(Dendrocalamus asper Backer ex K.Heyne,) specifically, compression strength parallel to grain, tension strength parallel andperpendicular to grain, and its 5% lower limit value. The sample size and mechanical properties testing refers to ISO 22157-2019. Compression and tension strength parallel to the grain were tested using UTM SATEC/Baldwin, while tension strengthperpendicular to the grain was tested using UTM Chun Yen. The data were analyzed using Easyfit 5.5 to obtain 5% lower limitvalue of each test. The average value of compression strength and tension strength parallel to grain were 53 N/mm² and 109N/mm², respectively. The average value of tension strength perpendicular to grain for 25 and 40 mm testing hole were 2.53 and1.19 N/mm², while average MOE value of compression and tension strength parallel to grain were 2,674 and 9,542 N/mm²,respectively. The 5% lower limit value of compression strength parallel to grain was 38.1 N/mm², tension strength parallel to grain61.8 N/mm², and 0.60 N/mm² for tension strength in perpendicular to grain. The 5% lower limit MOE value of compressionand tension strength parallel to grain were 1,105 and 6,076 N/mm², respectively.
FIXATION PROCESS OF LAMINATED BAMBOO COMPRESSION FROM CURVED CROSS-SECTION SLATS Darmawan, Teguh; Bahanawan, Adik; S. Adi, Danang; Dwianto, Wahyu; Nugroho, Naresworo
Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research Vol. 8 No. 2 (2021): Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research
Publisher : Association of Indonesian Forestry and Environment Researchers and Technicians

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59465/ijfr.2021.8.2.159-171

Abstract

Removing the outer part of bamboo for manufacturing flat bamboo lamination has disadvantage on the density of the product. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the fixation of compressed bamboo from curved cross-section slats. The compression of bamboo slats using densification technique was aimed for uniform density. Furthermore, steam treatments were conducted to fix the deformation. The compressed bamboo slats revealed that the density of the samples at the bottom parts increased from 0.4–0.56 g/cm3 to 0.89–1.05 g/cm3 after pressing with a compression level between 46.98–63.97%, while the samples in the middle parts increased from 0.7–0.83 g/cm3 to 1.02–1.18 g/cm3 with the compression level of 32.92–41.5%. These results were slightly higher than that of the upper parts, which was between 0.91–0.98 g/cm3. The recovery of set decreased and the weight loss increased with increasing temperature and steam treatment time. Fixation of compressive deformation could be achieved at 160°C within 60 minutes. The bottom parts of samples experienced a slightly greater weight loss compared to the middle parts, i.e. 8.38% and 7.49%, respectively. The anatomical structure of bamboo tended to deform during densification process. Furthermore, the steam treatments affected the colour of densified bamboo which became darker. From this experiment, it can be concluded that the manufacture of laminated bamboo from bamboo slats can be uniformed in strength by equalizing the density at the bottom and middle with the upper parts through the densification technique.
Pengaruh Perkuatan Pelat Besi Terhadap Kekuatan Sambungan Kayu Takikan Lurus Hayatunnufus, Agustina; Nugroho, Naresworo; yoresta, fengky satria
Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand) Vol. 14 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Civil Engineering Departement, Andalas University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrs.14.1.21-34.2018

Abstract

Sambungan kayu pada konstruksi merupakan faktor kritis dalam desain struktur karena kekuatan strukturnya ditentukan oleh kekuatan sambungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh pelat besi terhadap kekuatan sambungan kayu menggunakan sambungan takikan lurus. Pada penelitian ini, material sambungan yang digunakan yaitu kayu Kamper (Dryobalanops sp) dan kayu Mersawa (Anisoptera sp) menggunakan alat pengencang paku dengan perkuatan pelat besi dengan ukuran panjang masing-masing 5 cm, 10 cm, dan 15 cm. Pengujian sifat fisis, sifat mekanis, dan kapasitas sambungan kayu dilakukan berdasarkan standar ASTM D143-94, BS 373-1957, ASTM 1575-03, dan SNI 7973: 2013. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kayu Kamper memiliki peningkatan yang signifikan pada kapasitas dan momen setelah diperkuat oleh pelat besi; sementara kayu Mersawa memiliki peningkatan kapasitas namun tidak signifikan. Kayu Mersawa pada perkuatan pelat besi 15 cm dan kayu Kamper pada perlakuan kontrol memiliki nilai kapasitas dan momen yang hampir sama.
Co-Authors . Febriyani A.A. Ketut Agung Cahyawan W Adi Satriawan Adik Bahanawan Adzkia, Ulfa Agustina Hayatunnufus Agustina Hayatunnufus Agustina Hayatunnufus Akrom, Akrom Alamsyah, Eka M Arinana Arinana Arya Budhijatmiko Lelono Arya Budhijatmiko Lelono Asep Denih Atmawi DARWIS Atmawi Darwis Azhar Anas Bahanawan, Adik Budi Indra Setiawan Christiawan, Nikolaus Adven Dalhar Susanto Danang S. Adi Dede Hermawan Deded Sarip Nawawi Dina SETYAWATI Dodik R Nurrochmat Dwi J Priyono Dwi Joko Priyono Dwi Premadha Lestari Effendi Tri Bahtiar Eka M Alamsyah Erizal , Evalina Herawati Fengky Satria Yoresta Gina Bachtiar Gina Gina Bachtiar Gustian Rama Putra Gustian Rama Putra Hady Ikhsan Han Roliadi Han Roliandi Hartanto, Rachmat Pudjo Hasanuddin Hasanuddin Hayatunnufus, Agustina I Wayan Darmawan Ignasia Maria Sulastiningsih Indah Sulistyawati Indah Sulistyawati, Indah Isna Yuniar Wardhani Istie Rahayu Jajang Suryana Karlinasarie, Lina Khairun Hidayat Khairun Hidayat Kholiyah Kholiyah Larasatie, Pipiet Leonard D D Liliefna Leopold O. Nelwan Lestari, Dwi Premadha Lina Karlinasari Lusita WARDANI Massijaya, Muhammad Y Muh Yusram Massijaya Muh. Sakti Muhammadiah Muh. Yusram Massijaya Muhammad Y Massijaya Nurhaida, . Remy Marchal Rentry Augusti Rentry Augusti N Riezky Rakamuliawan Sutanto Rita Kartika Sari S. Adi, Danang Sucahyo Sadiyo Sulistyono Sulistyono . Sulistyono Sulistyono Surjono Surjokusumo Surjono Surjokusumo Surjono Surjokusumo Surjono Surjokusumo Surjono Suryokusumo Surjono Suryokusumo Surjono Suryokusumo, Surjono Suryokusumo, Surjono Sutanto, Riezky Rakamuliawan Teguh Darmawan Teguh DARMAWAN Wahyu Dwianto Wahyu DWIANTO Widyarko Widyarko Wilis Wiryawan Yusuf S Hadi Yusuf S. Hadi Yusuf Sudo Hadi