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Stiffness Prediction of 17 Years Aged Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd) By Non-Destructive Testing Dwi J Priyono; Surjono Surjokusumo; Yusuf Sudo Hadi; Naresworo Nugroho
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 9, No 1 (2011): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Non-destructive test of mechanical properties of wood is an alternative methode which it is done without damaging the wood. The study tried to find the relationship between wood stiffness through non-destructive with MoE estimation. The 17 years mangium wood beam were tested both in the sorts of sample beam and small clear specimen. Beams were tested by ultrasonic wave propagation using Sylvatest- Duo NDT equipment and Panter Timber Sorting Machine, while destructive testing using Shimadzu UTM. The small clear specimen tested using Sylvatest-Duo equipment, while it’s destructive using Instron UTM. Destructive test were according to ASTM D 143-94 (2008) for the small clear specimen (scs), while ASTM D 198-05a (2008) applied for the beam samples. The results showed that the scs sample with 14.7% moisture content and density of 0.61 gr cm-3 have ultrasonic wave propagation velocity (V) of 5,764 m s-1, the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MoEd) and static (MoEs) each for 243,933 and 104,004 kg cm-2, while the value of static flexural strength (MoRs) was 889 kg cm-2. For the beam sorts with 15.4% moisture content and density of 0.58 g cm-3 has a velocity of ultrasonic waves propagation at 4,944 m s-1, the value of MoEd and MoEs respectively 167,357 and 51,780 kg cm-2, while the value of MoRs was 449 kg cm-2. The beam MoRs and MoEs values which resulted by Panter (called MoEp and MoRp) were 146,756 and 538 kg cm-2 respectively. Through simple linear regression equations were discovered relationships on eight prediction equations that can be considered good to use.Key words: beams, MoE-dynamic, MoE-static, non-destructive testing, prediction equation, small clear specimen.

Aplikasi Buluh Bambu untuk Konstruksi Rangka Batang Ruang Application of Bamboo Culm for Space Truss Gina Bachtiar; Surjono Surjokusumo; Yusuf S Hadi; Naresworo Nugroho
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 7, No 1 (2009): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Space truss is a three dimensional structure composed of short slender interconnected bars. The bars are selected to produce lightweight members. Since joints are frictionless pins, truss members carry out only axial force either tension or compression, without bending moment. Bamboo is a potential building material for this structure, because it is relatively light and high strength especially in tension. This research is aimed to develop bamboo joint that could carry out both tension and compression and it application in space truss for 3 m x 4 m simple roof structure.Connection designed using a taper rounded wooden plug attached to the inner part of bamboo and a tapered steel ring was used at the outside of the bamboo culm. Structural analysis using a program with finite element methods indicated that 4 cm diameter bamboo could use for 3 m x 4 m space truss with four supports, whereas for cantilever truss, the used of 4 cm diameter bamboo must be varied by using 6 cm diameter bamboo for elements that resist larger compression force.

Distribusi Kandungan Kimia Kayu Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L) Distribution of Chemical Compounds of Coconut Wood (Cocos nucifera L) Isna Yuniar Wardhani; Surjono Surjokusumo; Yusuf Sudo Hadi; Naresworo Nugroho
Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis Vol 2, No 1 (2004): Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kayu Tropis
Publisher : Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia

Within a tree from base to top (longitudinal) and dermal to core (lateral), the chemical compounds of wood such us celluloses, lignin, holocelluloses, ash content and extractives are different. The distribution should be known to process the wood, including coconut wood, easily and to utilize the wood optimally. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of chemical compound of coconut wood within a tree. The analysis was conducted according to TAPPI Standard with three replications for each sample. Average values and graphs were use to analyze the results.The results indicated that coconut wood contains of wood extractives that soluble in hot water of 3.75 ~ 8.92%; alcohol benzene of1.88 ~ 8.78%; 1% NaOH of 18.76 ~ 33.61%; ash content of 0.75 ~ 4.08%; celluloses of 28.1 ~ 36.55%; holocelluloses of 69.51 ~ 80.07% and lignin of 26.58 ~ 36.35%. From base to top, wood extractives soluble in 1% NaOH increased but in other solutions did not have uniform distributions. Laterally, only holocelluloses and lignin did not have uniform distributions, whereas the others increased from dermal to core

Pengaruh Perkuatan Pelat Besi Terhadap Kekuatan Sambungan Kayu Takikan Lurus Agustina Hayatunnufus; Naresworo Nugroho; fengky satria yoresta
Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil (JRS-Unand) Vol 14, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Civil Engineering Departement, Andalas University

Sambungan kayu pada konstruksi merupakan faktor kritis dalam desain struktur karena kekuatan strukturnya ditentukan oleh kekuatan sambungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pengaruh pelat besi terhadap kekuatan sambungan kayu menggunakan sambungan takikan lurus. Pada penelitian ini, material sambungan yang digunakan yaitu kayu Kamper (Dryobalanops sp) dan kayu Mersawa (Anisoptera sp) menggunakan alat pengencang paku dengan perkuatan pelat besi dengan ukuran panjang masing-masing 5 cm, 10 cm, dan 15 cm. Pengujian sifat fisis, sifat mekanis, dan kapasitas sambungan kayu dilakukan berdasarkan standar ASTM D143-94, BS 373-1957, ASTM 1575-03, dan SNI 7973: 2013. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kayu Kamper memiliki peningkatan yang signifikan pada kapasitas dan momen setelah diperkuat oleh pelat besi; sementara kayu Mersawa memiliki peningkatan kapasitas namun tidak signifikan. Kayu Mersawa pada perkuatan pelat besi 15 cm dan kayu Kamper pada perlakuan kontrol memiliki nilai kapasitas dan momen yang hampir sama.

Natural Fiber Waste from Palm Oil Tree: An Overview of Potential Usage for Indonesia’s Affordable House Building Materials Widyarko Widyarko; Naresworo Nugroho; Dalhar Susanto
Journal of Architectural Research and Design Studies Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021)
Publisher : Departement of Architecture, Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jars.vol5.iss1.art3

The palm oil plantation in Indonesia is an overgrowing industry that also poses significant environmental waste problems. The industry produces numerous unused biomass wastes such as EFB (Empty Fruit Bunch), PKS (Palm Kernel Shell), tree trunks, fronds, etc. On the other hand, the national housing backlog number in 2019 had reached 7.6 million units. The government had launched several housing programs to tackle this ever-repeating issue. Yet, all of the plans failed to solve the housing shortage. A new approach is needed to provide a cheap, affordable, and more environmentally friendly affordable house. Previous studies proved that palm oil fiber waste could be altered into building materials such as lumber and other biocomposites like particleboard, fiberboard, plywood, etc. Consequently, by using the construction scheme in the RSH affordable house program released in 2002, palm oil fiber waste should be able to displace conventional wood in most of its parts. That is why there is no reason to halt implementing palm oil fiber waste as building materials, especially to build an affordable house. Therefore, the burden of Indonesia's never-ending housing backlog problems should be eased by converting its over-abundant palm oil fiber waste as its building materials new renewable sources.Keywords: affordable house; alternative materials; bio-composite; palm oil fiber waste

Faktor Stabilitas Balok Kayu pada Konfigurasi Pembebanan Terpusat: Stability Factor of Wooden Beams in One Point Loading Agustina Hayatunnufus; Naresworo Nugroho; Effendi Tri Bahtiar
Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Vol. 7 No. 2: Agustus 2022
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jsil.7.2.129-146

The use of wood as a building material must be designed quite rigid and strong. According to SNI 7973:2013, the corrected design value on the wooden structure components must be in accordance with the condition of wood to be used. The objective of this study is to determine the value of timber beams stability (CL) both of softwood and hardwood based on SNI 7973:2013 for construction purposes. The material in this research to be used are pine (Pinus merkusii), agathis (Agathis dammara), mahagony (Swietenia macrophylla), and red meranti (Shorea leprosula). Testing of physical properties include moisture content, specific gravity, and density, meanwhile testing of mechanical properties include flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, and ductility. Mechanical testing is carried out on a small clear specimens and full-size specimens, while the physical properties are tested only on a small clear specimens. The full-size specimens are visually sorted and the strength ratio (S) is determined prior to mechanical testing. The result of this study showed that the highest strength ratio was in meranti 55.85%, agathis 52.98%, pine 46.76%, and mahogany 46.60%. Softwood has a lower S value to more knot defects than hardwood. The slenderness ratios of agathis, pine, mahogany, and meranti wood respectively are 7.48, 7.45, 7.40 and 7.66 so that all specimens are referred to as short beams. The value of beam stability (CL) is close to 1 that indicates that the beams are stable and does not twist.

KARAKTERISTIK FINISHING DAN SIFAT DASAR LANTAI BAMBU SEBAGAI PENGGANTI KAYU SOLID Khairun Hidayat; Naresworo Nugroho; Dede Hermawan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 40, No 3 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2022.40.3.215-223

Bambu sebagai substitusi bahan baku flooring sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan karena umumnya flooring terbuat dari kayu solid atau jenis kayu keras, yang memiliki kualitas tinggi tetapi ketersediaanya terbatas. Bambu dipilih dalam industri pengolahan kayu khususnya papan laminasi dikarenakan corak yang khas dan mengkilap, serta memiliki keluatan yang cukup tinggi. Dalam studi ini flooring dari bambu Indonesia diuji mengacu pada standar ISO 21629-1 bamboo flooring for indoor use, dan diharapkan mampu memberi rekomendasi penyusunan SNI untuk flooring bamboo. Pengujian meliputi Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), stain resist, adhesion test, abrassion test, dan hardness by pencil test. Formulasi susunan vertikal dengan 3 lapis coating secara keseluruhan mendapat nilai rata-rata paling baik dalam penelitian ini dengan nilai MOE 162.603 kg/cm2, MOR 1259.331 kg/cm2, adhesion test 2-4B, abrasion test 0,1149 g, hardness by pencil test 2-4H dibandingkan dengan formulasi lain dan flooring jati sebagai nilai kontrol. Inovasi produk bambu ini diharapkan dapat diproduksi secara komersial dengan sifat yang baik dan dapat dijadikan sebagai standar acuan dalam pembuatan SNI flooring bambu.

MENGIDEALISASIKAN PENAMPANG LINTANG BULUH BAMBU MENJADI BENTUK GEOMETRI CONIC UNTUK MENGHITUNG SIFAT PENAMPANGNYA Effendi Tri Bahtiar; Asep Denih; Lina Karlinasari; Gustian Rama Putra; Naresworo Nugroho; Sulistyono Sulistyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 40, No 3 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2022.40.3.165-188

Seorang desainer perlu menyederhanakan variasi bentuk penampang bambu mengikuti geometri ideal yang paling mendekati bentuk aktualnya agar analisis struktur konstruksi bambu dapat dilakukan. Geometri penampang buluh bambu bervariasi dan menyerupai cincin conic seperti lingkaran, elips, atau bulat telur. Bentuk penampang conic yang paling pas yaitu yang paling menyerupai bentuk penampang aktual bambu perlu dipertimbangkan. Studi ini memformulasikan persamaan-persamaan matematis untuk menghitung sifat penampang buluh bambu (termasuk luas, momen pertama penampang, centroid, dan momen inersia) yang disesuaikan dengan bentuk cincin lingkaran, elips, dan bulat telur. Ketebalan, diameter, sumbu mayor, dan sumbu minor empat jenis bambu yaitu bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus), bambu ampel (Bambusa vulgaris), bambu andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea), dan bambu mayan (Gigantochloa robusta) diukur dan kemudian nilai-nilainya disubstitusikan ke dalam persamaan yang terbentuk untuk menghasilkan wilayah sifat-sifat penampang setiap spesies bambu.

KARAKTERISTIK FINISHING DAN SIFAT DASAR LANTAI BAMBU SEBAGAI PENGGANTI KAYU SOLID Khairun Hidayat; Naresworo Nugroho; Dede Hermawan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 40, No 3 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2022.40.3.215-223

Bambu sebagai substitusi bahan baku flooring sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan karena umumnya flooring terbuat dari kayu solid atau jenis kayu keras, yang memiliki kualitas tinggi tetapi ketersediaanya terbatas. Bambu dipilih dalam industri pengolahan kayu khususnya papan laminasi dikarenakan corak yang khas dan mengkilap, serta memiliki keluatan yang cukup tinggi. Dalam studi ini flooring dari bambu Indonesia diuji mengacu pada standar ISO 21629-1 bamboo flooring for indoor use, dan diharapkan mampu memberi rekomendasi penyusunan SNI untuk flooring bamboo. Pengujian meliputi Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of Rupture (MOR), stain resist, adhesion test, abrassion test, dan hardness by pencil test. Formulasi susunan vertikal dengan 3 lapis coating secara keseluruhan mendapat nilai rata-rata paling baik dalam penelitian ini dengan nilai MOE 162.603 kg/cm2, MOR 1259.331 kg/cm2, adhesion test 2-4B, abrasion test 0,1149 g, hardness by pencil test 2-4H dibandingkan dengan formulasi lain dan flooring jati sebagai nilai kontrol. Inovasi produk bambu ini diharapkan dapat diproduksi secara komersial dengan sifat yang baik dan dapat dijadikan sebagai standar acuan dalam pembuatan SNI flooring bambu.

MENGIDEALISASIKAN PENAMPANG LINTANG BULUH BAMBU MENJADI BENTUK GEOMETRI CONIC UNTUK MENGHITUNG SIFAT PENAMPANGNYA Effendi Tri Bahtiar; Asep Denih; Lina Karlinasari; Gustian Rama Putra; Naresworo Nugroho; Sulistyono Sulistyono
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 40, No 3 (2022): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2022.40.3.165-188

Seorang desainer perlu menyederhanakan variasi bentuk penampang bambu mengikuti geometri ideal yang paling mendekati bentuk aktualnya agar analisis struktur konstruksi bambu dapat dilakukan. Geometri penampang buluh bambu bervariasi dan menyerupai cincin conic seperti lingkaran, elips, atau bulat telur. Bentuk penampang conic yang paling pas yaitu yang paling menyerupai bentuk penampang aktual bambu perlu dipertimbangkan. Studi ini memformulasikan persamaan-persamaan matematis untuk menghitung sifat penampang buluh bambu (termasuk luas, momen pertama penampang, centroid, dan momen inersia) yang disesuaikan dengan bentuk cincin lingkaran, elips, dan bulat telur. Ketebalan, diameter, sumbu mayor, dan sumbu minor empat jenis bambu yaitu bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus), bambu ampel (Bambusa vulgaris), bambu andong (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea), dan bambu mayan (Gigantochloa robusta) diukur dan kemudian nilai-nilainya disubstitusikan ke dalam persamaan yang terbentuk untuk menghasilkan wilayah sifat-sifat penampang setiap spesies bambu.

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