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Journal : Journal of Civil Engineering

The Effect of Bar Diameter on Bond Stress of Geopolymer Concrete with Pull-out Test Khansa Fadilah Ashara; Bambang Piscesa; Yuyun Tajunnisa
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 39 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v39i1.7331

Abstract

Geopolymer concrete, an eco-friendly alternative, employs silica, alumina, and alkaline activators. While wet mixing has been extensively studied, its limitations, such as impracticality, quick setting, and low workability, are overcome by the dry mixing method. Study by previous research is limited only to compressive strength, flexural strength, and shrinkage. However, research on bond strength, crucial for concrete-reinforcement adhesion, is limited. This study investigates bond strength through pull-out tests using consistent concrete materials, including Type C fly ash, 12M NaOH, and an alkali ratio of 1:1. Specimens with varying reinforcement diameters (D10, D12, D16) and additional transverse reinforcement (f6-150) were tested. Bond stress averages at D10, D12, and D16 are 25.80 MPa, 25.36 MPa, and 24.25 MPa. Reinforcement diameter directly influences bond strength, with larger diameters yielding greater bond stress.
Strut and tie model optimization for reinforced concrete bridge pier head structure using a genetic algorithm Bambang Piscesa; Tavio Tavio
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 35 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v35i2.7413

Abstract

Strut and tie model (STM) is more suitable to design the pierhead structures which resist high shear forces transferredfrom the girders. These pierhead structures behave like the disturbed regions as in reinforced concrete deep beam. The designof the struts and ties elements requires the initial geometry configuration of the truss model where its boundaries are limited bythe shape of the pier head structures. To find the optimum topological shape of the truss model, the genetic algorithm (GA)optimization technique is used in this paper. The objective functions in the GA optimization consisted of minimizing the usageof concrete and steel reinforcement material and ensuring all the stress ratios of the strut and tie elements are less than equalto unity. Both prestressed and non-prestressed pierheads are investigated in this paper. The use of prestressing in the pierheadstructures reduces the stresses in the main tension tie significantly. Some shear tie and compression struts members also havealmost zero stresses due to the presence of prestressing forces. For these elements with zero stresses, the elements can beremoved and reduces the concrete and rebar materials usage. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm optimization is found to besuccessful to ensure all the stress ratio in the members to be less than equal to unity.
Strength reduction factor of square reinforced concrete column Wahyuniarsih Sutrisno; Bambang Piscesa; Mudji Irmawan
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 35 No. 2 (2020)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v35i2.7416

Abstract

Non-linear finite element analysis of reinforced concrete deep beam with web opening Ferry Alius; Bambang Piscesa; Faimun Faimun; Harun Alrasyid; Data Iranata
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 35 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v35i1.7419

Abstract

The use of Reinforced Concrete (RC) deep beams in the building may require web openings or holes for electricaland mechanical utility passage. This web opening will change the behavior of the RC deep beam and may result in early crackseven at service load. Hence, it is important to use a suitable tool to predict the full response of the RC deep beam with theopening. For that purpose, a nonlinear finite element method using 3D-NLFEA software package which utilizes a plasticityfracture model is used to predict the behavior of RC deep beam. One deep beam specimen available in the literature isinvestigated. To study the effect of using structured and unstructured mesh, as well as different element types on the loaddeflection curve, the hexahedral and tetrahedral solid element was used. From the comparisons, it was observed that the crackpattern between two different meshes was not similar. Structured mesh often has straighter crack propagation compared to theunstructured mesh. The load-deflection curve for both models is similar and both models were performed satisfactorily inpredicting the peak load of the deep beam.
3D non-linear finite element analysis of concentrically loaded high strength reinforced concrete column with GFRP bar Adhi Dharma Prasetyo; Bambang Piscesa; Harun Alrasyid; Dwi Prasetya
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 35 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v35i1.7421

Abstract

The use of High Strength Concrete (HSC) material in Reinforced Concrete (RC) column has become widely used.HSC was found to be durable, strong in compression, but it has low ductility. This low ductility of HSC can be improved byproviding confinement. However, for HSC with concrete strength higher than 70 MPa, additional clause for confinement in ACI318-19 generates denser arrangement of transverse bars and eventually creates weak planes between the concrete core and thecover. These weak planes can trigger early cover spalling. To reduce the utilization of confining bars, high-strength Glass FiberReinforce Polymer (GFRP) bar can be used. However, the performance of GFRP bar varies significantly from their uniaxialbehavior in tension or compression to the real performance when it is used as the main reinforcement. For that reason, thispaper tries to investigate the behavior of HSC RC column with bars made of conventional steel rebar and with GFRP bars. Dueto limited data on the strain gauge reading on the GFRP bars from the available test result, an inverse analysis is carried outto determine the best stress-strain curve for GFRP bars used as the main reinforcement. For that purpose, an inhouse finiteelement package called 3D-NLFEA is used. From the comparisons, it was found out that the peak load, softening behavior, andthe concrete core enhancement prediction agrees well with the test result. From the inverse analysis, only 25% and 45% of theGFRP bar yield strength can be deployed when loaded under compression and tension, respectively.
Strut and tie model optimization for reinforced concrete deep beam using genetic algorithm Bambang Piscesa; Tavio Tavio
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 35 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v35i1.7422

Abstract

This paper presents strut and tie model structural optimization of reinforced concrete deep beam using geneticalgorithm. Genetic algorithm is used as the optimization platform as it does not require differentiation of the exact mathematicalformulation to get the optimum solution. The force analysis is carried out using two-dimensional linear finite element methodwith truss element. The struts and ties design are based on ACI 318. One RC deep beam example is presented as an example.During optimization, there are two constraints which consisted of strength of the member alone and combination withdeformation limit of the nodes. The stress ratio for both struts and ties are set to not exceed unity while the deformation waslimited to 2.0 mm. From the optimization analysis, it can be concluded that genetic algorithm can be used to get the mostoptimum structural configuration which yield the most economical solution for design purposes. On the other hand, it is foundout that optimizing only the strength alone can yield a more economical solution compared to the design references. However,if deformation constraint is added in the optimization parameters, larger deep beam depth is required to satisfy the deformationlimits.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF CIRCULAR REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN CONFINED WITH CFRP UNDER ECCENTRIC LOADING Angga Bayu Christianto; Bambang Piscesa; Faimun Faimun; Pujo Aji
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 34 No. 2 (2019)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v34i2.7435

Abstract

This paper presents nonlinear finite element analysis of eccentrically loaded circular Reinforced Concrete (RC)column confined with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) wraps. The concrete constitutive model uses a plasticityfracture model which is restraint sensitive, utilize a non-constant plastic dilation rate, and is able to simulate the plasticvolumetric compaction of concrete core under high confining pressure. For validation of the models, two available specimensfrom the literature are used in the validations. Excellent agreement between the numerical models and the available test resultsare obtained in this study. A detailed investigation on the confinement effectiveness of both external and internal confiningdevices are presented and discussed. This discussion of the confinement effectiveness is important to be included in the designformula.
DUCTILITY EVALUATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN MADE OF NORMAL- TO HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE UNDER CONSTANT AXIAL LOAD LEVEL COMBINED WITH FLEXURAL LOADING USING NONLINEAR SECTIONAL FIBER BASED MODEL Bambang Piscesa; Dwi Prasetya; Mudji Irmawan; Harun Alrasyid
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 34 No. 1 (2019)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v34i1.7461

Abstract

This study presents the ductility evaluation of reinforced concrete column made of normal-strength material using various empirical stress-strain model with nonlinear sectional fiber based analysis. The purpose is to evaluate the confinement requirement for reinforced concrete column under high axial load level. The concrete strength considered in the analysis are varies from 30 to 70 MPa while the steel reinforcing bar yield strength considered is only 400 MPa. The ductility is evaluated by using the customized ductility index measurement. The ratio of the concrete cover to the concrete core is set to 0.1 but not more than 40 mm. Attard and Setunge’s concrete constitutive model is used in this investigation. Cover spalling behavior is considered in the analysis by including the restrained shrinkage effect on the concrete strength and the softening behavior. From this study, it was found that extra confinement is necessary to maintain the expected minimum level of ductility.
NON-LINEAR SECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE ENCASED STEEL STUB COLUMN SUBJECTED TO AXIAL LOAD Tugas Hutomo Putra; Bambang Piscesa; Hidajat Sugihardjo
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 38 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v38i1.7521

Abstract

This paper presents a numerical parametric study of Concrete Encased Steel Column (CESC) due to centrically and eccentrically axial load. To model the confining pressure of rebar and steel profile, modified Mander’s equations was used. The non-linear sectional analysis was performed using an in-house NL-Column program using the fiber-based method. The CESC section was discretized using Netgen 2D meshing algorithm. The developed CESC model was validated using the available test results in the literature. After model was validated, parametric studies were carried out to investigate the behaviors of CESC with different concrete compression strength, confinement bar diameter, and confining space. The parametric studies found that the column with higher concrete compression strength tend to have higher axial and flexural capacity but reduce the overall ductility. Increasing the confinement bar diameter slightly increases the axial and flexural capacity and ductility on the other hand, utilizing tighter confinement space resulted in higher ductility but with small increase in axial and flexural capacity.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE SHEAR WALL USING 3D-NLFEA Ainun Najib; Bambang Piscesa; Harun Alrasyid
Journal of Civil Engineering Vol. 37 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j20861206.v37i2.7608

Abstract

This paper present a numerical simulation of a reinforced concrete shear wall loaded under in-plane and out-of-plane directions using a 3D-NLFEA finite element package. The applied vertical load is controlled as a fraction of the horizontal in plane load. Therefore, inside the 3D-NLFEA package, a special routine was developed to account for changes in the vertical load as a function of the lateral load. The performance of the numerical model is evaluated by comparing not only the load deformation response but also the normalized average strain along the length and height of the shear wall. This study found that the predicted peak and ultimate load only differ by about 0.5% and 0.4%, respectively. By observing the location where the normalized average strain is zero, the average compressive stress from the numerical model can be back-calculated and is 39.73 MPa which is higher than the unconfined concrete compressive strength due to confinement to the core by the tie in the boundary element. On the other hand, the back-calculated average compressive stress from the test result is 26.11 MPa which is lower than the unconfined concrete compressive strength. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed numerical model for predicting the shear behavior loaded under in-plane and out-of-plane directions were found to be reasonable and satisfactory.