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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT BIJI KESUMBA, FRAKSI ETIL ASETAT KUNYIT, DAN KOMBINASINYA Asniati, Asniati; Rahmalia, Winda; Sayekti, Endah
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol. 20 No. 1 (2024): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol20.iss1.art2

Abstract

Background: Antioxidants are compounds that can neutralize free radicals, so they can prevent degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease, carcinogenesis, and other diseases. Natural ingredients such as kesumba (Bixa orellana L.) seeds and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contain natural pigments that have antioxidant activity. Kesumba seeds contain bixin, and turmeric contains curcumin, each of which is an antioxidant compound that can protect cells in the body and prevent oxidative stress due to free radicals.Objective: To determine the effect of the combination ratio of the ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds and the ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric on antioxidant activity.Method: Extraction was carried out by the maceration method, followed by fractionation. A qualitative test of the content of compounds in each extract and fraction of kesumba seeds and turmeric was carried out using the TLC method. The antioxidant activity test of each ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds (FB) and ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric (FK) and their combination was carried out using the DPPH method.Result: The research showed that the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds (FB) to the ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric (FK) was 242.95, 65.78, 42.48, 108.81, and 51.46 mg/L for each of the mass ratios (1:0), (3:7), (1:1), (7:3), and (0:1). The combination ratio of FB:FK, which is 1:1, has an effect on increasing antioxidant activity. This combination provides a synergistic effect that can increase antioxidant activity, with an IC50 value of 42.48 mg/L.Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the combination of the ethyl acetate fraction of kesumba seeds (FB) and the ethyl acetate fraction of turmeric (FK) has an effect on increasing antioxidant activity in the ratio of FB:FK (1:1) with an IC50 value of 42.48 mg/L, which is included in the very strong antioxidant category.Keywords: Kesumba seeds, turmeric, bixin, curcumin, antioxidant Intisari Latar belakang: Antioksidan adalah senyawa yang dapat menetralisir radikal bebas sehingga mampu mencegah penyakit-penyakit degeneratif seperti kardiovaskuler, karsinogenesis dan penyakit lainnya. Bahan alam seperti biji kesumba (Bixa orellana L.) dan kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) mengandung pigmen alami yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Biji kesumba mengandung bixin dan kunyit mengandung kurkumin yang masing-masing merupakan senyawa antioksidan sehingga mampu melindungi sel-sel dalam tubuh dan mencegah stress oksidatif yang diakibatkan oleh radikal bebas. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio kombinasi fraksi etil asetat biji kesumba dan fraksi etil asetat kunyit terhadap aktivitas antioksidan.Metode: Ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dan dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi. Uji kualitatif kandungan senyawa dalam masing-masing ekstrak dan fraksi bixin dan kurkumin dilakukan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Uji aktivitas antioksidan masing-masing fraksi etil asetat biji kesumba dan fraksi etil asetat kunyit serta kombinasinya dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tiap kombinasi rasio massa fraksi etil asetat biji kesumba (FB); fraksi etil asetat kunyit (1:0), (3:7), (1:1), (7:3) dan (0:1) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan berturut-turut sebesar 242,95; 65,78; 42,48; 108,81; dan 51,46 mg/L. Kombinasi tersebut memberikan efek sinergis yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 42,48 mg/L. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada kombinasi fraksi etil asetat biji kesumba (FB) dan fraksi etil asetat kunyit (FK) dengan rasio FB:FK (1:1) memberikan pengaruh pada peningkatan aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 42,48 mg/L yang termasuk dalam kategori antioksidan sangat kuat.Kata kunci: Biji kesumba, kunyit, bixin, kurkumin, antioksidan
PENGARUH KOMBINASI PIGMEN KURKUMIN-β-KAROTEN TERHADAP SPEKTRA ABSORPSI DAN NILAI SPF PADA SEDIAAN LOTION Yanti, Ninda Meili; Alimuddin, Andi Hairil; Rahmalia, Winda
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 7, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v7i3.77543

Abstract

This research aimed to examine the effect of the combined use of curcumin and β-carotene pigments on their absorption spectra. Subsequently, these pigment combinations were incorporated into a lotion formulation to determine their respective Sun Protection Factor (SPF) values. Mixtures of curcumin and β-carotene were prepared at mass ratios (w/w) of 0:5, 1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1, and 5:0. Their absorption spectra were analyzed with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer over the 200"“600 nm wavelength range using ethyl acetate as the solvent. Then, 6% of each pigment mixture was incorporated into a lotion base. The results of the UV-Vis analysis revealed no significant spectral shifts across the various mixtures. However, a notable increase in absorption intensity (a hyperchromic effect) was explicitly observed for the 1:4 mass ratio of curcumin to β-carotene. The SPF values for the lotion samples containing 6% of the pigment mixtures were as follows: 5.02 (0:5), 8.32 (1:4), 8.63 (2:3), 8.10 (3:2), 8.14 (4:1), and 8.09 (5:0). Although the observed increase was not statistically significant, these findings suggest that the combination of curcumin and β-carotene pigments can enhance the SPF value relative to that of the individual components.
Determination of Optimum Conditions for Biodiesel Synthesis from Bulk Palm Oil Using Red Mud-CaO Catalyst Nurdianty, Sri; Usman, Thamrin; Rahmalia, Winda
agriTECH Vol 45, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/agritech.79978

Abstract

The synthesis of biodiesel from bulk palm oil using methanol and a heterogeneous catalyst, red mud-CaO, has been carried out. This research aimed to investigate the effect of the ratio of red mud-CaO, percent catalyst, and reaction time on the conversion of methyl ester. Red mud and CaO catalysts were obtained from calcining red mud and clay bath CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) waste at 200°C and 900 o C for 5 and 4 hours, respectively. Biodiesel synthesis was carried out by adding bulk palm oil:methanol (1:10 v/v) and red mud-CaO heated for 1, 2, and 3 hours at 65 o C. In addition, the reaction was followed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Optimum reaction conditions were obtained at the ratio of red mud-CaO (1:1 w/w), catalyst 5%, and time of 2 hours indicated by the total formation of methyl ester on TLC plate. Meanwhile, red mudCaO (1:1 w/w) catalyst was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine the crystal structure and element composition. The analysis was carried out using Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) to determine the functional groups of catalyst. XRD characterization results showed that there were 4 highest peaks, namely 29.29° (CaCO3 ), 33.99° and 17.93° (Ca(OH)2 ), and 11.59° (aluminum silicate mineral). The 4 highest elemental contents were Ca, Fe, Al, and Si. FTIR characterization showed the peak wavenumbers 3641.60 cm -1 (Ca(OH)2 ),1423.47 cm -1 (O-C-O bond of carbonate), 981.77 cm -1 and 986.69 cm -1 (Si-O), 875.68 cm -1 and 713.66 cm -1 (Ca-O), 366.48 cm -1 (Al-O), and 426.27 cm -1 (Fe-O). According to GC-MS analysis, the most formed methyl ester compositions were methyl oleate (47.35%) and methyl palmitate (40.13%).
Pelatihan Pembuatan Tas Berbahan Dasar Sampah Plastik Sebagai Upaya Penerapan 3R pada Kelompok Sadar Wisata Teluk Majantu, Kelurahan Sedau, Singkawang Zahara, Titin Anita; Shofiyani, Anis; Sayekti, Endah; Gusrizal, Gusrizal; Alimuddin, Andi Hairil; Sapar, Ajuk; Rudiyansyah, Rudiyansyah; Wibowo, Muhamad Agus; Usman, Thamrin; Wahyuni, Nelly; Nofiani, Risa; Widiyantoro, Ari; Rahmalia, Winda; Rahayu, Warsi Kurnia
Abdimas Galuh Vol 6, No 1 (2024): Maret 2024
Publisher : Universitas Galuh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25157/ag.v6i1.12701

Abstract

Kegiatan pelatihan pembuatan tas goodie bags pada Kelompok Sadar Wisata (POKDARWIS) di Desa Teluk Makjantu bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada POKDARWIS untuk menjaga lingkungan dengan melakukan pengelolaan sampah 3R. Sampah pelastik dipilih karena pemakaian kantong pelastik yang sudah menjadi barang yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia serta memiliki sifat yang sulit terdegradasi (nonbiodegradable) di lingkungan. Goodie bags berbahan dasar limbah pelastik diharapkan dapat menjadi wadah penyimpanan souvenir bagi POKDARWIS Desa Makjantu dalam melayani wisatawan. Pelatihan ini dilakukan dengan menyajikan teori dan praktek pembuatan goodie bags secara langsung, diharapkan masyarakat POKDARWIS dapat melakukan pengelolaan sampah dengan konsep 3R dan dapat membuat goodie bags dari limbah pelastik sebagai upaya pelestarian dan pengelolaan lingkungan. Pelatihan ini juga memberikan dampak terhadap keterampilan peserta dalam mengelola limbah pelastik menjadi barang yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Dengan demikian, program mengelolaan sampah dengan metode 3R dapat diterapkan. Melihat kondisi dan antusias peserta dapat dikatakan bahwa kegiatan ini sangat memberikan dampak positif bagi masyarakat Desa Teluk Majantu untuk  mendukung kegiatan pariwisata dalam hal pengelolaan sampah pelastik dengan tingkat kebermanfaatan dan keberlangsungannya sebesar 90%
Formulasi Krim Bibir dengan Ekstrak Antosianin dari Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea) sebagai Pewarna Alami Aprilia, Jelita; Rahmalia, Winda; Budi, Firman Shantya
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol. 21 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol21.iss2.art4

Abstract

Background: Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) is a tropical plant rich in anthocyanins, particularly from the flavonoid group, which has potential as a natural dye and antioxidant in cosmetic formulations.Objective: This study aims to investigate the phytochemical characteristics of anthocyanin extract from butterfly pea flowers and the physical and chemical stability of lip cream formulated with the extract.Method: Anthocyanin extract from butterfly pea flowers was formulated into a lip cream base at concentrations of 0, 2, 4, and 6%, followed by a physical stability test conducted over a period of one month on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The results were then compared with established standards.Results: The anthocyanin extract of butterfly pea flower contains flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Four lip cream formulations prepared with varying concentrations of the extract exhibited a thick texture, a grape-like aroma, and colors ranging from ivory to purple. The formulations had viscosities between 5,500 and 13,000 cP, adhesion times ranging from 7.10 to 26.8 seconds, and spreadability values between 5 and 7.5 cm.Conclusion: All stability tests of the butterfly pea flower extract lip cream formulations met the required criteria, except for the homogeneity test. Formulation 1 (2%) was identified as the most optimal. All stability tests for the butterfly pea flower extract lip cream formulations met the required criteria, except for the homogeneity test. Formulation 1 was identified as the most optimal, containing 2% extract concentration.
KARAKTERISASI METABOLIT SEKUNDER FRAKSI DIKLOROMETANA DARI SPONS FAMILI THORECTIDAE Adiwijaya, Margharet Esterlita; Alimuddin, Andi Hairil; Rahmalia, Winda; Sapar, Ajuk
Dalton : Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia Vol 8, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Kalimantan MAB Banjarmasin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31602/dl.v8i3.21269

Abstract

Spons laut merupakan salah satu sumber bioaktif laut yang kaya akan metabolit sekunder. Metabolit ini meliputi alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, dan lakton, yang berpotensi sebagai senyawa antimikroba, antiinflamasi, dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi senyawa metabolit sekunder dari fraksi diklorometana spons laut yang berasal dari famili Thorectidae. Tahapan penelitian meliputi uji fitokimia, isolasi dan pemisahan serta identifikasi senyawa. Hasil uji fitokimia terhadap fraksi diklorometana spons famili thorectidae menunjukkan adanya metabolit sekunder dari golongan alkaloid, steroid dan fenolik. Karakterisasi isolat L5.T2.I2 dengan serium sulfat menunjukkan adanya golongan steroid karena terdapat pembentukan warna coklat kehitaman dan diperkuat dengan spektroskopi FTIR yang menunjukkan adanya beberapa gugus fungsi berupa OH, gugus -CH alifatik C=O karbonil, C=C aromatik, C-H alkena dan OH fenol, yang mengindikasikan kemungkinan adanya senyawa steroid.
Synthesis of Nd-Pheophytin Complex and Its Hydrolysis into Nd-Pheophorbide from Katuk Leaves (Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr) Novayanti, Fadia; Adhitiyawarman, Adhitiyawarman; rahmalia, winda
Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan, Volume 11 Nomor 2, Desember 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia Universitas Negeri Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21009/JRSKT.112.02

Abstract

Pheophorbide, as a chlorophyll derivative, has potential as a complexing ligand for heavy metals, including lanthanides. The synthesis of Nd-pheophytin complex and its more polar Nd-pheophorbide (pheophytin’s hydrolyzed product) were investigated using pheophytin isolated from Katuk’s (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.) leaves. This study aims to determine the optimal reaction conditions and the complex characteristics. Pheophytin ligand and Nd were complexed under two different reaction conditions: room temperature and reflux at 65 °C for 10 hours. The pheophytin starting material was obtained by preparative thin-layer chromatography (PTLC), yielding 0.02 g. UV-vis analysis revealed characteristic absorption bands at 404 nm (Soret band) and 666 nm (Q band) in methanol, while FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of functional groups corresponding to pheophytin. The Nd-pheophytin complex formation was indicated by hypsochromic shifts in UV-vis spectra, suggesting the Nd³⁺ complexing. Fluorescence spectra between pheophytin and Nd-pheophytin showed distinct emission patterns, with pheophytin exhibiting peaks at 662 and 722 nm, while Nd-pheophytin displayed peaks with shoulders at 654 and 714 nm. Hydrolysis of Nd-pheophytin using 1 M NaOH at pH 10 produced Nd-pheophorbide. TLC analysis showed a decrease in the Rf value of Nd-pheophytin to Nd-pheophorbide from 0.95 to 0.43, with tailing, attributed to the higher polarity of pheophorbide. These findings confirm the successful synthesis and hydrolysis of the Nd-pheophytin complex.
EKSTRAKSI HIJAU SENYAWA BIOAKTIF DARI ALGA MERAH (Eucheuma cottoni) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT EUTEKTIK DAN APLIKASINYA DALAM SEDIAAN LOSION Prayitno, Dwi; Rahmalia, Winda; Adhitiyawarman, Adhitiyawarman; Sayekti, Endah
Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 9, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Tanjungpura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/indonesian.v9i1.101282

Abstract

The need for environmentally responsible extraction techniques has driven the development of green alternatives to conventional organic solvents. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) offer a sustainable option due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, and simple preparation. In this study, a DES composed of glycine, glycerol, and water (1:11:15 molar ratio) was used as a green extraction medium to isolate bioactive compounds from the red algae (Eucheuma cottonii), providing an eco-friendly solution for efficient marine bioresource utilization. This final product offers a simplified process, as the resulting extract requires no further separation prior to application. The DES exhibited favourable physicochemical properties, including a pH of 5, density of 1300.14 kg/m³, viscosity of 0.0198 Pa·s, and a freezing point below 263.15 K. Phytochemical screening of the DES-based extract confirmed the presence of phenolic and terpenoid compounds. The extract was directly incorporated into sunscreen lotion formulations at concentrations ranging from 0 to 15% (w/w). All formulations showed good homogeneity, with the highest sun protection factor (SPF) value of 8.37 observed in the lotion containing 15% red algae extract. This research shows the success of extracting natural anti-UV ingredients in an environmentally friendly and efficient manner.
Uji Aktivitas Krim Tabir Surya yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Alga Coklat (Sargassum sp.) Rosidah, Sofiatun; Sayekti, Endah; Rahmalia, Winda
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol22.iss1.art6

Abstract

Background: Sunscreen protects the skin against ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UVB, which is a major contributor to skin damage. Brown algae (Sargassum sp.) are rich in phenolic antioxidant compounds with potential as natural sunscreen agents. However, research on the incorporation of ethanolic extracts of Sargassum sp. into topical cream formulations and on the evaluation of both their photoprotective activity and formulation stability remains limited. This study therefore offers a fresh perspective on the dual role of brown algae extracts as natural sunscreen ingredients and stabilizing components in cosmetic preparations.Objective: This study aims to develop a cream formulation containing the ethanolic extract of Sargassum sp. and to evaluate its sunscreen activity.Method: The extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and subsequently subjected to phytochemical analysis. Cream formulations were prepared with six concentrations of the extract (0, 0.07, 0.13, 0.20, 0.27, and 0.43%) and evaluated for homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer.Results: All cream formulations were stable, homogeneous, and exhibited pH values between 4.7 and 5.8, consistent with SNI 16-4399-1996 standards. The highest SPF value was observed in the 0.43% formulation, reaching 6.234 ± 0.503, which is categorized as extra protection. The sunscreen activity is attributed to phenolic compounds in the extract, which possess both antioxidant properties and UV-absorbing capacity.Conclusion: Sunscreen cream formulations containing the ethanolic extract of Sargassum sp. met the required physical stability standards. SPF testing revealed that the 0.43% extract formulation (KTS5) produced the highest SPF value, 6.234 ± 0.503, which is classified as extra protection and indicates optimal sunscreen activity.
Effect of astaxanthin-enriched virgin coconut oil concentration on lip balm properties and sun protector factor (SPF) activity Prayitno, Dwi Imam; Rahmalia, Winda; Herlina, Elisabet
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Vol. 22 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jif.vol22.iss1.art1

Abstract

Background: Our previous research successfully extracted astaxanthin from fermented Acetes shrimp (cincalok) using virgin coconut oil (VCO), resulting in astaxanthin-enriched VCO (VCOA). This innovative approach demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating VCOA into cosmetic preparations. In particular, its application in lip balm formulationsObjective: This study aimed to formulate a lip balm incorporating VCOA in combination with tengkawang butter.Method: The physical properties and sunscreen activity of the lip balm were evaluated as a function of storage duration at room temperature. The study examined the influence of varying concentrations and compositions of astaxanthin-enriched virgin coconut oil (VCOA) and illipe fat on the formulation. Key parameters assessed included homogeneity, pH stability, color stability, and melting point.Results: The test results indicated that a homogeneous lip balm was obtained when a high concentration of VCOA (15-30% w/w) was used and was stable for 28 days of storage. The acidity level (pH: 4.56-6.69) and melting point of the lip balm (50–67°C) have met the Indonesian National Standard. The presence of VCOA causes the lip balm to be yellow to orange. The resulting lip balm shows a sun protection factor (SPF: 51.1674 ± 0.0364) value with an ultra-protection category.Conclusion: In this study, astaxanthin was extracted from cincalok using VCO to produce VCOA, which was directly applied as a lip balm ingredient. The application of VCOA at the highest concentration (30%) yielded lip balm with excellent homogeneity, stable pH and melting point in accordance with SNI standards, the most pronounced color, and the highest SPF value.