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All Journal Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Health Information : Jurnal Penelitian Indonesian Journal of Dental Medicine BERNAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Gilang Rasuna Sabdho Wening
Department Of Public Health Faculty Of Dental Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Education Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Periodontal disease risk factors in elderly and older adults with diabetes mellitus comorbidity using the PRECEDE–PROCEED framework: a cross-sectional study Sabdho Wening, Gilang Rasuna; Mayasari, Yufitri; Kherul Anuwar, Ainol Haniza; Putra, M. Daffa Refasyah; Putri, Rinta Giska
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 38, No 1 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol38no1.66984

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk and severity of periodontal disease, particularly among elderly populations. Behavioral and contextual determinants may further exacerbate periodontal vulnerability in individuals with DM. This study aimed to describe periodontal disease risk factors among elderly and older adults with diabetes mellitus using the PRECEDE framework, focusing on predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 33 elderly and older adults with confirmed diabetes mellitus at the Dukuh Kupang Primary Health Center, Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing predisposing (knowledge, dietary adherence, physical activity, medication use), reinforcing (family and healthcare support), and enabling factors (health service utilization), alongside clinical periodontal examination using the Harald Löe Plaque Index. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequencies and percentages. Results:  Periodontal risk was categorized as moderate in 51.5% and high in 48.5% of respondents. Predisposing factors showed that 72.7% did not regulate food portions, 54.5% did not adhere to physician-recommended diets, 42.4% did not exercise regularly, and 21.2% did not consistently take antidiabetic medication. Reinforcing factors indicated that 39.4% reported limited family support for medication adherence and 18.2% reported insufficient health education support. Enabling factors revealed that 15.2% did not undergo regular blood glucose examinations and 18.2% did not routinely record glucose levels. Clinically, 57.6% had plaque index scores above the mean, indicating substantial plaque accumulation. Conclusion: Periodontal vulnerability among elderly individuals with diabetes mellitus is characterized by a convergence of unfavorable predisposing (21.2–72.7%), reinforcing (18.2–39.4%), and enabling (15.2–18.2%) factors. Strengthening behavioral modification strategies, social support systems, and structured diabetes monitoring within primary healthcare settings may be important to reduce the burden of periodontal disease.
Co-Authors Agung Sosiawan Amalia, Rovilla Aryo Dwipo Kusumo Aulia Ramadhani Chandana, Rizka Nastasia Chandana Derice Putri Nourah Serena Dewina Marsha Larasati Dien, Sinta Nuriyah Dimas Prasetianto Wicaksono Dini Setyowati, Dini Eka Fitria Augustina Erza Nudya Elwardah Fernanda, Enrico Faiz Ganendra Anugraha Ghinaya Shaliha Nursaida Nisa Grace Monica I Komang Evan Wijaksana Imanuel Jeremias Laturiuw Irma Josefina Savitri Jihan Az' Zahra' Medina Kherul Anuwar, Ainol Haniza Kuswanda, Crisna Tri Lia Aulia Rachma Lukas Aldhi Hannawan Siswoyo Marselina Sesaria Pratiknjo Maulida Putri Syarifina Mayang Aziza Hanif Ardianto Mayasari, Yufitri Muhammad Naufal Hatta Naqiya Ayunnisa Nathania Nurani Fripertiwi Nelwan, Sindy Cornelia Ni Nyoman Trisari Utami Ni Putu Clara Pitaloka Ninuk Hariyani Nisa, Shafira Aulia Noer Ulfah Pulung Siswantara Putra, M. Daffa Refasyah Putri, Rinta Giska Putri, Vaira Azlia Vrilly R. Darmawan Setijanto R. Putri N. Fadilah Rafie Wahyu Purnomo Refibrianti Kusuma Maharani Retno Palupi Retno Palupi Salwa Alya Putri Santoso, Richard Kevin Savitri, Agil Torresia Nirwanasari Serafim Autumn Putrifajar Setiyowati, Dini Sihombing, Manuel Raynaldy Sri Susilawati Tania Saskianti Taufan Bramantoro Titiek Berniyanti Udijanto Tedjosasongko Wulandari, Primatia Yogi