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All Journal Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Universitas Trisakti ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences BULETIN OSEANOGRAFI MARINA Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA Journal of Oceanography Journal of Marine Research Waste Technology International Conference on Coastal and Delta Areas Jurnal Kelautan Tropis Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE Jurnal Segara Prosiding SNAST Indonesian Journal of Oceanography Journal Of Sustainability Perspectives Journal of Sustainability Perspectives Journal of Fisheries & Marine Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE
Denny Nugroho Sugianto
Departement Of Oceanography, Fisheries And Marine Science Faculty, Diponegoro University. Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH. UNDIP, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia. Center For Coastal Disaster Mitigation And Rehabilitation Studies, Diponegoro University.
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Journal : Journal of Fisheries

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Marine Heatwaves in Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean Basin: Long-Term Trend and Climate Variability Mukti Trenggono; Sugianto, Denny Nugroho; Wirastriya , Anindya; Ismail , Muhammad Furqon Aziz; Yang , Yingyi; Wang , Dingqi
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v18i1.79105

Abstract

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research The basin has warmed consistently since the 1980s, with rising frequency, duration, and extent of events, most severe south of Java. Seasonal weakening of wind mixing during the Southeast Monsoon and transition months prolongs events, though daily intensity remains relatively stable. El Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole phases trigger basin-wide thermal anomalies, underscoring large-scale climatic control over event occurrence and strength. Reduced latent heat loss, enhanced surface thermal radiation, and weaker winds limit ocean cooling, reinforcing persistent surface warming and prolonged heatwaves.   Abstract Marine heatwaves in the Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean occur when sea surface temperature remains above its historical average for several consecutive days or weeks, disrupting marine ecosystems, affecting primary productivity, and reducing fishery yields through habitat degradation and altered species distribution. Despite their growing frequency and impact, the spatial and temporal variability of these events in the region remains poorly understood. This study examined their distribution, intensity, and long-term evolution, along with their relationship to regional climate variability, using high-resolution sea surface temperature data. Detection was performed at each grid point following the method of Hobday and key metrics were calculated to describe event duration and intensity. Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis was applied to identify dominant spatial patterns and temporal modes of variability. Results showed that these marine heatwaves occur about three times annually, with more frequent and prolonged events south of Java than west of Sumatra. Most were moderate in duration and intensity, peaking at around 3.25 days per month during the monsoonal transition, while the strongest intensities appeared in the Southeast Monsoon. Over the past decade, cumulative annual intensity increased significantly, showing a positive trend of 18.88 ± 8.33 °C days per decade. The dominant spatial mode revealed intensified events south of Java, while a secondary mode indicated an increase after the early 2000s. These findings demonstrate a growing intensification of marine heatwaves in the Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean, driven by reduced ocean heat loss and enhanced surface net thermal radiation, highlighting their potential to exacerbate thermal stress on regional fisheries and marine ecosystems under ongoing climate change.  
Co-Authors A Aziz Alfani Abdillah Ranadipura Agitta Raras Putri Agus ADS Agus Sabdono Ahmad Bayhaqi Ahmad Fadlan Ahsan Habib Ai Yuningsih Aida Astuti Cahyaningwidi Rahayu Sutopo Aldion Adin Nugroho Alfi Satriadi Ambariyanto , Ambariyanto Ambariyanto Andika B Candra Anindya Wirasatriya Anistia Malinda Hidayat Anjani, Gemala Annisa Shalsabilla Argian Nisyar Amirullah Arifiyana Arifiyana, Arifiyana Aris Ismanto Arraya Eritha Barcelona Awaludin, Aji Azis Rifai Aziz Rifai Bakhri, Syaeful Baskoro Rochaddi Baskoro Rochaddi Bayu Munandar Benni Leo Simanjuntak Benny Tyson Siagian Dessy Ariyanti Dewangi, Chandra Leveraeni Dewi, Amalia Dian Lestari Anggraini Diana Nur Afifah, Diana Nur Dimas Nopriansyah Dinda Yulvia Dwi Haryo Ismunarti Dwi Haryo Ismunarti Dwi Haryo Ismunarti Dwi Yuliasari Dwi Yuliasari Dwinawaty, Aziza Maulida Egi Febriansyah Elinna Putri Handayani Elis Indrayanti Erlangga, Lucki Erni Setyowati Etika Ratna Noer Eunike Dorothea Hutapea Fadhly Ilhami Fadhly Ilhami, Fadhly Fransiska Krisna Wahyu Nanda Pratiwi Fridholin Hatoguan Pasaribu Fuad Muhammad Galuh Hardaningsih, Galuh Galuh Permatasari Geby Ayunda Gentio Harsono Gentur Handoyo Ginnia Julianti Utomo H., Muhammad Ikhsanudin Handayani, Elinna Putri Handoyo, Gentio Hanna Noen Aunillah Hapsari, Farida Diyah Hariadi Hariadi Hariyadi Hariyadi Hariyadi, Hariyadi Harryando, Dicky Hastuti, Vivilia Niken Hendana Pristiwan Hendry Syahputra Ropinus Siagian Heriyoso Setyono Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum Heryoso Setiyono Huiwu Wang I Wayan Eka Darma Ibnu Pratikto Imam Mishbach Indah Susilowati Indra Budi Prasetyawan Intan Meilistya R. R Ismail , Muhammad Furqon Aziz Jarot Marwoto Johannes Hutabarat Julita Budi Prasetyo Karima, Zalfa Kunarso Kunarso Kurnianto, Anang Lilik Maslukah Luh Putu Ratna Sundari Lukman, Annisa Aulia Maemonah, Maemonah Mahardiani Putri Naulia Batubara Marisa, Agnia MARTHA ARDIARIA May Trio Vimeris Meida Yustiana Mira Yosi Moch. Reza Fahlevi Mochamad Arief Budihardjo Muh Yusuf Muh. Yusuf Muhammad Ali Agus Masrukhin Muhammad Fadli Muhammad Faiq Marwa Noercholis Muhammad Helmi Muhammad Helmi Muhammad Irfan Muhammad Zainuri Mukti Trenggono Muslim Muslim Nabilah Rizki Nico Tri Wibowo Niken Dwi Prasetyarini Nugroho Agus D Nur Taufiq-Spj Nurul Hickmah Okky Muda Hardani Padmapitra, Zhafira Mazaya Parichat Wetchayont Parichat Wetchayount Petrus Subardjo Pianto, Teguh Arif Pinardo Sidauruk, Pinardo Pradipta, Zulfa Abkar Purwanto Purwanto Purwanto Purwanto Purwanto Purwanto Putranto Kondang Wijaya Putri, Agitta Raras R. Dwi Susanto Rabbani, Mochamad Rafif Raden Ario Resti, Nina Retika, Ferancha Retno Hartati Ricky Daniel Aror Rikha Widiaratih Rima Melina F. Napitupulu Rizkiyah Rizkiyah Robin Sirait Rudhi Pribadi S. Suripin Sabilu, Kadir Saiful Hadi Sam Wouthuyzen Sri Yulina Wulandari Sugeng Widada Sugiyanto Sugiyanto Sugiyanto Sugiyanto Sugiyanto Suharyanto Suharyanto Sunaryo Sunaryo Suradi Widjaya Saputra Suryono Suryono Syahrial Varrel Canavaro Tamara Centong Mandey Tiara Anggita Tri Widya Laksana Putra Wahyu Budi S Wang , Dingqi Warsito Atmodjo Widianingsih Widianingsih Widiaratih, Rikha Widodo S Pranowo Widodo S. Pranowo Wirastriya , Anindya Wita Melisa Yang , Yingyi Yoga Yuniadi Yos Johan Utama