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All Journal Beyond Words : a journal on language education, applied linguistics and curriculum & instructions Jurnal English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris ETERNAL: English Teaching Journal Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies (IJELS) Script Journal: Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching Tarbawi : Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Edu-Ling: Journal of English Education and Linguistics Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan Wiralodra English Journal (WEJ) Voices of English Language Education Society Pedagonal : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan JOURNAL OF ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC Jurnal Pendidikan Edutama Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET) Jurnal Abdi Insani Ethical Lingua: Journal of Language Teaching and Literature Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning (JETLE) ENGLISH FRANCA : Academic Journal of English Language and Education Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia EDUCASIA : Jurnal Pendidikan, Pengajaran, dan Pembelajaran English Language Education Reviews Linguistic, English Education and Art (LEEA) Journal Indonesian Journal of Educational Development (IJED) EDULIA: English Education, Linguistic and Art Journal Jurnal Inovasi Pengabdian Masyarakat Pendidikan JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies) International Journal of Innovation and Education Research Jurnal Bilingual Kajian Pendidikan, Seni, Budaya, Sosial dan Lingkungan ETERNAL: English Teaching Journal English Education: English Journal for Teaching and Learning
Iis Sujarwati
IAIN Raden Intan Lampung
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Journal : Script Journal: Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching

 1 
Unpacking English Writing Anxiety in Indonesian EFL Learners: A Mixed-Methods Study of Cognitive Strain, Gender, and Academic Level Sujarwati, Iis; Maisarah, Ira; Saputra, Dwi Bayu; Julmukya, Tiarsa
Script Journal: Journal of Linguistics and English Teaching Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): October (in Press)
Publisher : Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24903/sj.v10i2.2214

Abstract

Background: Writing anxiety became a tenacious factor hindering EFL students’ proficiency, specifically at the higher education level. In the Indonesian context, undergraduate and graduate students face a high demand to complete their studies. Writing a thesis is one of the requirements for graduation at the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the graduate students must write a research article for publication as another requirement. Those things become a contributing factor to students feeling anxious in writing. A bulk of studies investigated the writing anxiety around the world. However, a few studies examine how gender and academic level differentiate the English language education study program students’ writing anxiety in Indonesia. This present study uncovers: 1) types and levels of writing anxiety among the groups, 2) variation of writing anxiety based on gender and academic levels, and 3) reasons affecting writing anxiety. Methodology: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was deployed in this study. The sample was 112 students, including 58 undergraduates and 54 graduates, of the English language education study program at a state university in Bengkulu, Indonesia. Two different data collection methods were implemented: an online survey and an on-site focus-group discussion (FGD). The second language writing anxiety inventory (SLWAI) and the second language writing reason inventory (SLWARI) were derived into fifty-eight items of a questionnaire utilized to obtain quantitative data. Meanwhile, the qualitative data were assembled using four main leading questions to probe students’ thoughts in identifying the factors contributing to anxiety. Quantitative data analysis was preceded by applying SPSS23, including descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. The qualitative data were analyzed through a directed qualitative content analysis (DQCA). Validity and reliability of data were ensured using methodological triangulation. Findings: Statistical analysis revealed that the majority of students, 92%, were at a moderate level of writing anxiety. Besides, cognitive anxiety became the first order of anxiety type experienced by the students. Moreover, the statistical findings presented that there is no significant difference in anxiety based on gender and academic level (  < 0.1). The qualitative analysis elucidated four patterns as contributing factors to the students’ writing anxiety, such as: time constraints, lack of ideas and knowledge, teachers’ teaching methods, and coursebook complexity. Conclusion: Both quantitative and qualitative analyses discovered that cognitive-affective aspects are more challenging for Indonesian students than demographic ones. Moreover, the personal challenges and instructional methods became noteworthy issues that contribute a lot to the emergence of anxiety when writing. Writing teachers need to design engaging and supportive learning environments in their instructional activities, for instance, by adapting a process-oriented writing approach and affording constructive feedback on students’ papers. These efforts can reduce students’ cognitive loads, thereby enhancing their self-efficacy in writing. Originality: The symptom-based SLWAI and the cause-based SLWARI are integrated simultaneously to disclose the writing anxiety experienced by undergraduate and graduate students in the Indonesian context. Additionally, this study implements a mixed-method approach to obtain plentiful, comprehensive data. Accordingly, a more vivid understanding of students’ anxiety in writing can be attained.
Co-Authors Adalta, Febri Aini Ade Andriani, Fitri Agus Hidayat Ahmad Nofrian Akbar, Muhamad Kenzo Alamsyah Harahap, Alamsyah Annur, Yusri Fajri Arisman Arisman arsyad, safnil Aydawati, Emilia Ninik Ayuaneka, Debi Azwandi Azwandi Azwar, Taufik Akbar Cahya Negara, Agung Dahlia Efendi , Marzon Efendi, Marzon Erviona, Lussy Fitri Amalia Hamidah, Muthia Haryanti, Septri Ira Maisarah Juliana Othman, Juliana Julmukya, Tiarsa Ledy, Neris Mayang Leni Maria Lorenza, Oktazsya Marjelina Mawarni Mawarni Muhammad Nafi Annury, Muhammad Nafi Nabila, Succia Putri Ningsih, Anggara Nurmaisa, Nurmaisa Parel, M.Ewaldo Permatasari, Chindy Yulia Pradana, Satria Adi Puspitasari Putri, Anisa Hersa Rezita, Reza Riani, Asma Saputra, Dwi Bayu Sari, Cintami Velia Sari, Meliya Sofyan , Dedi Sofyan, Dedi Sugiyati, Sugiyati Syafryadin, Syafryadin Wisma Yunita Yueh Yea, Lo Yuhariah, Feti