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PERBANYAKAN ULIN (Eusideroxylon zwageri T.et.B) DENGAN BUI DAN SETEK Utami, Ning Wikan; Hoesen, Djadja Siti Hazar; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Danu, Danu
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 7, No 4 (2005)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

The ulin or so called vernacular name kayu besi (Eusideroxylon zwageri T.et.B.) is one of the the important timber in East Kalimantan (East Borneo).However, there are some problems in the regeneration of this species. The research on propagation of ulin was carried out in Treub Laboratory, Research Center for Biology. The research consist of two experiments The research consisted of two experiments.The first experiment seeds which was treated in order to stimulate the germination and the second experiment by treating the mixture between 1BA and vitamin C for stimulating root cutting.The best result of seeds germination was recorded 90%,which the seeds were treated by removing the whole seedcoat and then by exposing to the sunlight for 5 hours The seed itself began to germinate 7 weeks after sowing.Meanwhile, the control no germination et all until 28 weeks.The best result on cutting was indicated by treating with the combination of IBA 10 mg/1 and vitamin C 50 mg/1 which was achieved the highest rooting 100%,although without hormone treatment only resulted 33.3% rooting.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of banana Musa acuminata AA cv "âMas Lampungâ with hpt gene using sterile corm as target tissue Nena, Ade; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Estiati, Amy
ANNALES BOGORIENSES Vol 13, No 1 (2009): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : Research Center for Biotechnology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

The protocol forÂ Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of local banana plants cvÂ âMas Lampungâ (AA) has been established. A selectable marker gene (hpt) has been used to study the transformation usingÂ in vitro corm slices as target tissues.Â BananaÂ in vitro corm slices were co-cultivated with the EHA105 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring binary vector pCAMBIA 1301 containing hygromycin resistance gene (hpt) as a selectable marker and intron-containing Î²-Glucuronidase (gus-intron) gene as a reporter gene driven byÂ CaMV 35S promoter.Â Â Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were used to examine the existence ofÂ hpt gene in plants resulted from the transformation.Â Using primer pairs specific for hpt gene, our PCR analysis on leaves showed the presence of theÂ hptÂ Â transgene in banana transgenic plants at first generation (T0) of transformation.Â To prove the existence of hpt gene in the fruits of transgenic banana plants, PCR analysis were also carried out.Â The data showed that theÂ hptÂ gene could be amplifiedÂ from banana fruits of tested samples.Â Â These result demonstrates that the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method used in this experiment has been successful to transfer gene into banana plants. Thus, the transformation method reported here could be used as a standard protocol toÂ transfer another useful genes into local banana plants cv. âMas Lampungâ.Â Furthermore, the presence of transgene in fruits of banana transgenic plants is important achievementÂ especially for transgene that is expected to be expressed in the fruit including to introduce vaccine genes into banana fruits for edible vaccine.Key words:Â Agrobacterium,Â hptÂ gene, transgenic banana Mas Lampung, Musa acuminate corm slices, PCR

Tissue Culture Propagation of âHausa potatoâ (Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir) JK Morton) Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Leksonowati, Aryani
ANNALES BOGORIENSES Vol 16, No 1 (2012): Annales Bogorienses
Publisher : Research Center for Biotechnology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1234/38

We have developed an effective plant propagation method of âhausa potatoâ through shoot proliferationÂ in vitro, acclimatization in the greenhouse and transplantation of the plantlet on the individual media container for planting material production. The shoot cultures were initiated from shoots that grew from tuber collected from the field, disinfested using standard method and transferred to MS medium with 1 mg/lÂ ofÂ BA for shoot proliferation. The proliferating shoots were then subcultured to MS medium with no growth regulators to induce rooting and enlarge the shoot. The plantlets were acclimatized in a plastic box containing medium of a mixture of cocopeat, sands, rice husk charcoal and top soil covered with plastic film to maintain humidity. The plantlets survived at 85% and almost 100% grew into planting materials ready for transplanting in the soil.Â The planting materials survived in the field and produced tuber normally.Â Keywords: Solanostemon rotundifolius, hausa potato, kentang hitam, in vitro propagation, acclimatization, planting materials.

Respon Tanaman Jewawut [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] terhadap Kondisi Cahaya Rendah Ridwan, Ridwan; Handayani, Tri; Witjaksono, Witjaksono
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

ABSTRACTMillet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] is one of the potential cereal crops to be developed in supporting food diversification program. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of millet to low light (shade) condition. The experiment was conducted in the field with nested design that consisted of two factors that are, 1) Accession from Buru Island which are yellow seed and red seed; and 2) Shading nets that consisted of 0%, 40%, and 70% shade. Shade factor was designed as main plot, while accession factor was designed as sub plot. Growth (growing percentage, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and plant dry weight), yield (panicle length and panicle weight), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid), and stomata density of the millet were observed. The result showed that the growth and yield of both accession were decreased by the increase of shading. However, yellow seed millet tended to be more tolerant than red seed millet with optimizing photosynthetic capacity through enhancing leaf area, leaf longevity, and enhancing antenna pigments such as chlorophyll b and carotenoid.Keywords: Growth, millet, photosynthetic pigments, shading, yield

INDUKSI POLIPLOIDI TANAMAN KANGKUNG (IPOMOEA AQUATICA FORSSK.) KULTIVAR SALINA IN VITRO DENGAN ORYZALIN Rahmi, Putri; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; ratnadewi, diah
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 15, No 1 (2019): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v15i1.3760

ABSTRACTWater spinach is a vegetable plant consumed by people all over the world. Its small morphology requires improvement to increase the size and productivity. An alternative way to do that is by increasing the ploidy of its chromosome. This paper describes in vitro induction of polyploidy of water spinach. Inoculum of in vitro seedling, in vitro shoots and nodal stem segments were immersed in MS solution containing oryzalin at concentrations of 0.00, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.00 µM with immersion duration of 4, 8 and 24 hours. Oryzalin treatments reduced the growth variables of the in vitro shoots of all inocula tested, compared to control of no oryzalin treatment. On immersion of 24 hours and high concentration of 5.00 µM, many inoculum failed to grow to the third passage of subculture. The best growth of in vitro shoot to the third passages occurred in the treatment combination of oryzalin 1.25 µM-8 h immersion and 2.50 µM-4 h immersion for seedling inoculum, treatment combination of 3.75 µM-4 h immersion for shoot tip inoculum and 1.25 µM-4 h immersion for nodal stem segment, compared to other treatments. Analysis of flow cytometry on 41 leaf samples from oryzalin treatment derived shoots showed 14.63% tetraploid, 36.59% mixoploid and 48.78% diploid. The efficiency of tetraploid formation reached 60%, provided only by the treatment of oryzalin 1.25 µM-8 h on seedling segments inoculum. Tetraploid shoots need to be proliferated, acclimatized, grown into planting materials and planted for agronomical analysis to provide evidence whether or not tetraploid water spinach is viable for commercial cultivation.

PERSILANGAN PISANG LIAR DIPLOID MUSA ACUMINATA COLLA VAR MALACCENSIS (RIDL.) NASUTION SEBAGAI SUMBER POLEN DENGAN PISANG MADU TETRAPLOID Poerba, Yuyu S.; Ahmad, Fajarudin; Witjaksono, Witjaksono
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 8, No 1 (2012): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v8i1.3076

Hybridization of wild diploid Musa acuminata Colla var malaccensis (Ridl.) Nasution as pollen source with teraploid Pisang Madu. Indonesia and South East Asia is the center of origin and genetic variability of bananas, specifically species Musa acuminata Colla. At least 15 varieties of wild Musa acuminata are found in Indonesia. Some of them have resistances for several diseases of bananas. One approach in banana breeding program is hybridizingbetween tetraploid parent and diploid parent of banana. This research was aimed to produce new triploid banana hybrid by crosses between tetraploid female parent ?Pisang Madu? and wild diploid male parent Musa acuminata Colla var malaccensis (Ridl.) Nasution. From 302 crosses, 53.9% of crosses produced seeds. However, only 48.46% of seeds contained embryos, and only 1.27% of embryos grew and developed. Bunch weight and leaf length of hybridplants were not significantly different with female parent, tetraploid Pisang Madu. Plant height of the hybrids was not significantly different with male parent, wild diploid Musa acuminatavar malaccensis. Pseudostem diameter and leaf width of the hybrid plants were between female tetraploid parent and male wild diploid parent. RAPD profiles (DNA bands) of the hybrids were originated from the female parent, male parent and both parents were 38.46, 34.6, and 26.92%, respectively. The hybrids were confirmed to be triploids (3x=33).Keywords: banana, breeding, hybrids, tetraploid, wild diploid, Pisang Madu, Musa acuminata Colla var malaccensis (Ridl.) Nasution

PEMBENTUKAN DAN PENAMPILAN PISANG REJANG HIBRID TRIPLOID HASIL PERSILANGAN PISANG REJANG MIXOPLOID DENGAN PISANG REJANG DIPLOID Poerba, Yuyu S.; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Handayani, Tri
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 12, No 1 (2016): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v12i1.2308

Induction of tetraploid from diploid bananas often producing mixoploid plants.Characters of the mixoploidplant is similar to those of tetraploid plants. In this research mixoploid banana cultivar Rejang was crossed withdiploid Rejang to produce triploid hybrid Rejang. Triploid banana is one of plant breeding target because of itsbest vigor and productivity compared to diploid or tetraploid banana. 570 crosses were conducted withmixoploid Rejang as female parents and diploid Rejang as male parents. Out of 570 crosses, 130 hybrid seedswere produced. However, only 19 seeds (14.61%) contained embryos, and only two embryos were developedinto shoots. The two genotypes of developed embryos were then in-vitro propagated and planted in the field.Results of ploidy identification using Flowcytometer showed that the two genotypes were diploids (31%) andtriploids (69%). The triploid hybrid Rejang had plant growth habit of drooping, few suckers, higher and biggerpseudostem, higher bunch weight and fruit weight compared to those of the two parents. The triploid hybridhad similar genetic properties with genetic identity of 0.9174-0.9703.Keywords: Banana, crosses, diploid, Rejang, mixoploid, triploid, hybrids

PERBANYAKAN MASSAL ANTHURIUM DAUN (ANTHURIUM SP) ASAL BIJI DENGAN TEKNOLOGI IN VITRO Witjaksono, Witjaksono
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 8, No 2 (2012): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v8i2.3058

Mass propagation of leafy Anthurium (Anthurium spp.) from seed by in vitro technology. We have developed an efficient in vitro propagation of A. plowmanii from seed explants. The protocols include inoculation of seed in MS medium supplemented with 2 g/l BA. This medium is used to proliferate cluster of buds that developed from seeds. To induce the growth of the shoots from the bud clusters, the clusters were devided and transffered to MS medium enriched with 340 mg/l KH2PO4 and 0,1 mg/l BA and 0,05 mg/l NAA. To get high survival rate, the clusterof shoots were acclimatized as a whole cluster that in turn the shoots become easily separatable from each other during the growth. The acclimatized plantlets grew into mature plants through serial transfer to bigger pots and regular fertilizer application. This technology is applicable to other leafy anthuriums as well.Key words: leafy Anthurium, in vitro technology, BA, NAA, KH2PO4, plowmanii, hookeri, jenmanii, longilinguum

RESPON TANAMAN JEWAWUT [SETARIA ITALICA (L.) P. BEAUV.] TERHADAP KONDISI CAHAYA RENDAH Ridwan, Ridwan; Handayani, Tri; Witjaksono, Witjaksono
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 14, No 1 (2018): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v14i1.3656

ABSTRACTMillet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] is one of the potential cereal crops to be developed in supporting food diversification program. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of millet to low light (shade) condition. The experiment was conducted in the field with nested design that consisted of two factors that are, 1) Accession from Buru Island which are yellow seed and red seed; and 2) Shading nets that consisted of 0%, 40%, and 70% shade. Shade factor was designed as main plot, while accession factor was designed as sub plot. Growth (growing percentage, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, and plant dry weight), yield (panicle length and panicle weight), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid), and stomata density of the millet were observed. The result showed that the growth and yield of both accession were decreased by the increase of shading. However, yellow seed millet tended to be more tolerant than red seed millet with optimizing photosynthetic capacity through enhancing leaf area, leaf longevity, and enhancing antenna pigments such as chlorophyll b and carotenoid.Keywords: Growth, millet, photosynthetic pigments, shading, yield

INDUKSI POLIPLOIDI TANAMAN KANGKUNG (IPOMOEA AQUATICA FORSSK.) KULTIVAR SALINA IN VITRO DENGAN ORYZALIN Rahmi, Putri; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; ratnadewi, diah
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 15, No 1 (2019): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v15i1.3760

ABSTRACTWater spinach is a vegetable plant consumed by people all over the world. Its small morphology requires improvement to increase the size and productivity. An alternative way to do that is by increasing the ploidy of its chromosome. This paper describes in vitro induction of polyploidy of water spinach. Inoculum of in vitro seedling, in vitro shoots and nodal stem segments were immersed in MS solution containing oryzalin at concentrations of 0.00, 1.25, 2.50, 3.75 and 5.00 µM with immersion duration of 4, 8 and 24 hours. Oryzalin treatments reduced the growth variables of the in vitro shoots of all inocula tested, compared to control of no oryzalin treatment. On immersion of 24 hours and high concentration of 5.00 µM, many inoculum failed to grow to the third passage of subculture. The best growth of in vitro shoot to the third passages occurred in the treatment combination of oryzalin 1.25 µM-8 h immersion and 2.50 µM-4 h immersion for seedling inoculum, treatment combination of 3.75 µM-4 h immersion for shoot tip inoculum and 1.25 µM-4 h immersion for nodal stem segment, compared to other treatments. Analysis of flow cytometry on 41 leaf samples from oryzalin treatment derived shoots showed 14.63% tetraploid, 36.59% mixoploid and 48.78% diploid. The efficiency of tetraploid formation reached 60%, provided only by the treatment of oryzalin 1.25 µM-8 h on seedling segments inoculum. Tetraploid shoots need to be proliferated, acclimatized, grown into planting materials and planted for agronomical analysis to provide evidence whether or not tetraploid water spinach is viable for commercial cultivation.

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