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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia BERITA BIOLOGI JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ANNALES BOGORIENSES Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Annales Bogorienses
Witjaksono Witjaksono
Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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UJI TOLERANSI TANAMAN KENTANG HITAM (PLECTRANTHUS ROTUNDIFOLIUS (POIR.) SPRENG.) HASIL RADIASI SINAR GAMMA TERHADAP CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN Ridwan, Ridwan; Handayani, Tri; Witjaksono, Witjaksono
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 12, No 1 (2016): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v12i1.2310

Abstract

Plectranthus rotundifolius (Poir.) Spreng. is one of the potential root crops to become an alternative food. The aim of thisstudy was to determine drought resistant status of Plectranthus rotundifolius irradiated by gamma irradiation. Thisexperiment was conducted in the Green House using a Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors and 5 replications.The first factor was plant number consisted of 7 accessions (D116, D69, M343, D40, M95, D3, and Klefa Imut/KI). Thesecond factor was the level of field capacity (FC) consisted of 100% FC, 60% FC, and 20% FC. The observed parameterwere vegetative and generative growth stage, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, and chlorophyll content. The resultshowed that the resistance level of the 7 accessions can be devided into 3 categories: 1) The plants that were susceptible todrought i.e. D116, D69, M343, and KI; 2) The plants that were semi-tolerant to drought i.e. D40 and M95; and 3) The plantthat was tolerant to drought i.e. D3.Keywords: Plectranthus rotundifolius, gamma irradiation, drought stress
INDUKSI TETRAPLOID PADA TANAMAN JAMBU BIJI MERAH (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.) SECARA IN VITRO Handayani, Tri; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Nugraheni, K. Utami
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 13, No 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v13i2.3401

Abstract

ABSTRACTSome commercial varieties of Guava seedless are triploid and rarely found naturally. A triploid variety with less seeds and better yield potential can be achieved by crossing tetraploid to diploid variety. Guava tetraploid plants can be synthetically induced by using oryzalin or colchicine to double the chromosome from its diploid. This research was aimed to obtain tetraploid lines by studying the effects of oryzalin in germination and in vitro growth of Guava. Seed from Red Guava were cultured in liquid medium MS + 2 mgL-1 BA with adding oryzalin according to the treatment, then seed planted in MS solid medium. Seed explants were exposed to Oryzalin 0 (controls), 15, 30 dan 60 ?M with exposure time are 23, 36 and 49 days or 3, 5, and 7 weeks. Results from polyploid induction were 8 tetraploid (5.48%) and 9 (6.16%) mixoploid shoots in vitro. High est tetraploid shoots were obtained from treatments by exposing the seed explant to 15 ? 30 ?M oryzalin for 23 ? 36 days. Oryzalin treatments inhibit germination and in vitro growth of Guava until 1st subculture. After second subculture, tetraploid or mixoploid shoots quantitatively showed no difference respons on in vitro growth with its diploid.Keywords: guava, tetraploid, seed explant, in vitro germination, polyploid
IRADIASI SINAR ? PADA BIAK TUNAS KENTANG HITAM (SOLANOSTEMON ROTUNDIFOLIUS) EFEKTIF UNTUK MENGHASILKAN MUTAN Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Leksonowati, Aryani
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 8, No 1 (2012): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v8i1.3075

Abstract

Irradiation of ??ray at shoot culture of Kentang hitam (Solanostemon rotundifolius) is effective for mutant production. Kentang hitam is sterile and vegetatively propagated andtherefore its genetic diversity is narrow. Mutation is an alternative way to increase genetic heterogeneity. Irradiation of shoot cultures with different doses followed by culturing of the inoculum (leaf, petiole and internodes) from that irradiated culture on a regeneration medium MS containing 5 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA has resulted in curvilinear respon of growth, morphogenesis and plant regeneration. The growth variables increase from 0 to 6 Gy and thendecrease to 25 and plateu or increase a little at 35 Gy and growth death wes observed at 50 Gy. Leaf and petiole inocula were more responsive than the internode. Respon of growth of shootregeneration of 50% were obtained at doses of 10-12.5 Gy. However higher level of doses, such as 25 Gy had also been effective for inducing mutant. Morphological and growth different were observed from growth in tissue culture to the field. Mutants were recovered, forexample, the one with early flowering.Keywords : Solanostemon rotundifolius, Irradiation, gammarays, cultur in vitro, mutan
KARAKTERISASI PISANG HIBRID TETRAPLOID ‘GRNK’ HASIL PERSILANGAN PISANG TRIPLOID ‘GOROHO’ DENGAN PISANG IIAR DIPLOID MUSA ACUMINATA COLLA VAR. NAKAII NASUTION Poerba, Yuyu S.; Martanti, Diyah; Handayani, Tri; Witjaksono, Witjaksono
JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA Vol 13, No 2 (2017): JURNAL BIOLOGI INDONESIA
Publisher : Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/jbi.v13i2.3393

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe use of tetraploid banana in triploid banana breeding has been conducted through 4x x 2x crossing and/or its reciprocals, 2x x 4x crossing. However, the availability of tetraploid banana is naturally very limited, therefore artificially induced tetraploid banana is needed. The present research is aimed to generate tetraploid banana plants by crossing triploid banana ?Goroho? as female parent with wild diploid banana, Musa acuminata var. nakaii Nasution as male parent, and to characterize the tetraploid hybrid. 94 crossings were made by pollinating stigma of Pisang Goroho with polen of M. acuminata var. nakaii. Embrios resulted from hybridization were in vitro rescued and propagated. Hybrid plantlets were then acclimatized in the green house and seedlings were planted in the field for two cycles of banana reproduction. Ploidy identification, morphology and molecular characteristics were also conducted for two cycles of banana reproduction. Results of the experiment showed that 9 hybrid seeds were produced from 94 pollinations. However, only 2 hybrid embryos grew and developed into shoots and from two shoots only one shoot was survived. The one shoot were then in-vitro propagated to produce 21 hybrids planted in the field. After being evaluated for two plant reproductive cycles, all hybrid plants were tetraploids (2n=4x=44). The hybrid plants had drooping leaves, bigger fruit diameter compared to both parents, and blunt fruit tip. DNA (RAPD) profiles of tetraploid hybrid showed that 37.5% of the bands were from female parent, 37.5% from male parents, and 25% from both parents. The tetraploid hybrid ?GRNK? is expected to be useful in triploid banana breeding in the future.Key Words: Hybrid banana, tetraploid, Goroho, Musa acuminata Colla var. nakaii Nasution
Pola sebaran kelompok telur Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) pada lahan jagung da-Lopez, Yosefus F.; Trisyono, Y. Andi; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Subiadi, Subiadi
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 11 No 2 (2014): September
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.11.2.81

Abstract

Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée, is known as an important pest of maize, Zea mays L., in both whorl and reproductive stages. Management decisions based on egg-mass density is useful because decision is made before damage occurs. Observation on O. furnacalis egg-mass distribution in maize-field was carried out in Agricultural Training, Research, and Development Station (ATRD) UGM, Yogyakarta. The number of egg-masses laid on each plant surface in maize-field was sampled in reproductive stage of corn at 52 – 58 days after planting. The spatial dispersion was analyzed using the ratio variance-to-mean (σ2/μ = Iδ), Morista's Index (Iγ), and the negative binomial parameter (κ-value). The results showed that horizontal and vertical distributions were aggregated distributions (σ2 > μ or σ2/μ > 1). In line with the increasing age of plant, the degree of clustering or aggregation likely tended to decline (the κ-value increased, Morisita index decreased) indicating the possible departure from aggregation to randomness (Poison distribution) due to the heterogeneity of the environment, such as microclimate, preferred parts of the plants, and occurrence of natural enemies. The results concluded that the horizontal and vertical distributions of egg-masses of O. furnacalis on corn in generative phase were clustered with the degree of clustering tended to decrease by the increase of age of corn. These findings provide the bases for further study on the ecology and biology of O. furnacalis for management decision-making process.
The effect of maize plants as a repellent for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on chili plants: Pengaruh tanaman jagung sebagai penolak Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) pada tanaman cabai Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Soffan, Alan; Akbar, Muhammad Aulia
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 21 No 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.21.1.16

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is crital pest of chili plants. Besides using chemical insecticides to control B. tabaci, the actions that can be taken for B. tabaci management include applying repellent compounds. This research aims to study the potential of various commercial corn varieties in producing repellent compounds for B. tabaci. The method used in this research involved testing the response of B. tabaci using a Y tube olfactometer and GCMS analysis on varieties P-21, Bisi-18, NK-212, and Pertiwi 3 on a laboratory scale. Volatile compounds were collected from corn plants aged 3–10 weeks after planting (WAP). The results showed that Bisi-18, P-21, NK-212, and Pertiwi 3 maize exhibited repellency against B. tabaci. The highest repellency for all corn varieties was observed at 10 WAP. The P-21 variety exhibited 80% repellency, followed by Pertiwi 3 and Bisi-18 with 78% repellency, while NK-212 showed the weakest repellencyat 60%. Results from volatile compounds identification of each maize varieties demonstrated revealed several compounds with repellent properties against B. tabaci, including 9-otadecenoic acid (Z)-, 9-octadecenamide, (Z)-, delta-guaiene, alpha-guaiene, beta caryophyllene, and patchouli alcohol. Using maize plants to manage B. tabaci has the potential to be an environmentally friendly management technique. Further research is needed on B. tabaci management technique to achieve a more effective and efficient combination.
Monitoring of Khapra Beetle in Jakarta, Tangerang, and Bekasi as Part of Khapra Beetle Free Area Maintenance Program in Indonesia Permada, Johan; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Wagiman, F. X.
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 26, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.52892

Abstract

Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Evert (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is the most important stored pest and was first discovered in Jakarta grain storages in 1972. Since then, quarantine procedures have been massively carried out to prevent khapra beetles to spread in Indonesia. In 2009, Indonesia has been declared as free area from Khapra beetle. However, Indonesia still import grain from non-Khapra beetle free countries and supervision must be carried out continuously to prevent Khapra beetle reinfestation. This survey was conducted at warehouses in five areas of Jakarta, Tangerang, and Bekasi from October 2016 to February 2017 with high risk due to its role as one of the main entry ports and storage of imported grains. Observation was done using probe sampling, direct observation and traps with attractant. Results showed that several insects were found from imported seeds in the surveyed area, but no Khapra beetles were found. It showed that non-Khapra free countries have implemented the required Sanitary Phytosanitary. In addition, it implies that survey methods using attractant traps could complement the probe sampling methods and direct observation that are currently used.
Molecular Analysis of Cytochrome Oxidase I in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Populations Collected from Four Districts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Ayuningtias, Nandini; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Wijonarko, Arman; Soffan, Alan
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 26, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.75881

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci is an agricultural pest that interferes plant growth, as well as being an insect vector of various types of viruses, one of which is the geminivirus group. B. tabaci is called Cryptic Species Complex due to their similar morphology but has different genetic profiles. Climate change and increased global trading of agricultural products could increase B. tabaci population and lead to the emergence of genetic disparity. This study aims to obtain the latest information on the population homogeneity of B. tabaci in four districts of the Yogyakarta and potential differences on their nucleotide arrangements. Molecular identification was performed using PCR and primers C1-J-2198/L2-N-3914 on B. tabaci. B. tabaci COI gene sequences were then compared using a phylogenetic analysis and similarities of nucleotide bases were determined. Results showed that the populations of B. tabaci in Yogyakarta were still homogeneous showed by biotypes similarity, namely the non-B biotype. B. tabaci from Yogyakarta have nucleotide base similarity of 100% with B. tabaci from Singapore (AY686095) and Thailand (AY686092) and 99.56% with species from Bangladesh (AJ748388). Results also showed no differences in the composition of both nucleotide bases and amino acids from the four districts of B. tabaci sampling location. The homogeneous population of B. tabaci and the high incidence of yellowing disease caused by Begomovirus in chili pepper plants in the Special Region of Yogyakarta prove that it is necessary to review the current methods of controlling B. tabaci pests.
Bioassay Method Development to Test Sitophilus oryzae Sensitivity against Phosphine Harahap, Nafsiyah Agustina; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Martono, Edhi; Trisyono, Y. Andi
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.75904

Abstract

Sitophilus oryzae is a cereal product pest found in warehouses. The presence of this pest negatively impacts the quality and quantity of stored rice. The common method used to control warehouse pests is fumigation. However, frequent use of insecticides will trigger resistance within target pest populations. This study aimed to develop a bioassay method based on the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO) protocols and modify bioassay protocols to determine S. oryzae susceptibility of populations collected from traditional markets across Yogyakarta. Field populations were collected from eight traditional markets in Yogyakarta (Lempuyangan Market [Kapanewon Danurejan], Kranggan Market [Kapanewon Jetis], Caturtunggal Market [Kapanewon Depok], Godean Market [Kapanewon Godean], Imogiri Market [Kapanewon Imogiri], Pleret Market [Kapanewon Pleret], Kasihan Market [Kapanewon Lendah], and Brosot Market [Kapanewon Galur]). The reference population was obtained from the Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology(SEAMEO BIOTROP). The bioassay was carried out following FAO protocols by using a glass jar fumigation chamber (volume 2 L) which was a modification of the desiccator of FAO recommended method number 16. This test used the lowest testable dose for this method: 0.01 × 10-2 mg/2L or 0.5 × 10-2 µg/L tested on 100 imagoes which were divided into five replications and obtained 100% mortality on the second day (48 hours). Results showed that the FAO fumigation chamber method could not be used in the test, so modifications were carried out to determine tested doses by changing the volume of the fumigation container. The test used three container volumes, including 20, 60, and 80 L. Result from 20 L container showed 82-100% mortality, 60 L containers showed 69-100% mortality, and 80 L containers showed 24-79% mortality. Results from 80 L container was suitable for the bioassay because it was able to test the lowest dose on reference insects. Eight doses ranging from 0.125 to 1.625 × 10-2 µg/L, and an untreated control were used to determine the LD50 of phosphine on each population. Insects were fumigated for 48 hours and then removed to observe mortality. The LD50 of the reference population was 0.27 × 10-2 µg/L while 0.29-0.54 × 10-2 µg/L for field populations. These findings indicate that S. oryzae populations collected from traditional markets in Yogyakarta were still susceptible to phosphine.
Population Demographics of Helopeltis bradyi Waterhouse (Hemiptera: Miridae) from Three Different Locations Izzati, Dian Nurul; Witjaksono, Witjaksono; Harjaka, Tri
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 27, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.84515

Abstract

Helopeltis bradyi Waterhouse has been reported to attack tea plantations in Batang District and cocoa plantations in Sleman District and Kulon Progo District. Information about the life parameters of H. bradyi reared using alternative feed cucumbers in the laboratory helps pest management efforts. This study aimed to determine the life demography of H. bradyi from two plants and three different locations. The study was conducted with cohort observations consisting of gross reproduction rate (GRR), net reproduction rate (Ro), intrinsic growth (r), average generation length (T), and population doubling time (DT) of three populations of H. bradyi. Results showed that there were differences in living individuals (ax), mortality, and life duration of the three H. bradyi populations. The survival type of the three populations of H. bradyi was classified as type IV. The survival of the three H. bradyi populations were influenced by their ability to adapt to new environments. From the three populations of H. bradyi observed, Sleman population survived longer because they had adapted to the rearing environment and were able to maintain the population numbers for two generations. Demographic parameters of H.bradyi from Sleman showed gross reproduction rate (GRR) of 88 individuals/generation, net reproduction rate (Ro) of .97 individuals/parents/generation, the increase in population rate (r) of 0.02 individuals/species/day, extended duration (T) of 39.50 days, and doubling time (DT) of 40.49 days.
Co-Authors Akbar, Muhammad Aulia Aldawood, Abdulrahman Saad Andriyanto, Rofiq Aria Dian Primatika Arman Wijonarko Ayuningtias, Nandini Azzahra, Zulfa Dani Satyawan Danu Danu, Danu Diah Ratnadewi Diyah Martanti, Diyah Djadja Siti Hazar Hoesen Dyah, Rosliana Purwaning Edhi Martono Estiati, Amy Estiati, Amy F. X. Wagiman, F. X. FAJARUDIN AHMAD HABIB RIJZAANI Handayani, T Harahap, Nafsiyah Agustina I Made Tasma Izzati, Dian Nurul Kiki Yolanda, Kiki Kristamtini Kristamtini, Kristamtini KUNTO WIBISONO Laksono Trisnantoro Leksonowati, Aryani Leksonowati, Aryani Leksonowati, Aryani Leksonowati, Aryani Lukman Hakim Mastur Mastur Nena, Ade Nena, Ade Ning Wikan Utami Nugraheni, K. Utami Nugraheni, K. Utami Nugroho Susetya Putra Permada, Johan PUJI LESTARI Purwanto, Oky Dwi Rahmi, Putri Ridwan, Ridwan Soffan, Alan Subiadi Subiadi Suhendar, Ace Sukamto, LA Sumarno . Suparjo Tanjung, Heru Rezki Tinon Anindita Tri Handayani Tri Harjaka, Tri Umar Umar Utari, Ratna Widotami, Diarsi Atiki Y. Andi Trisyono Yosefus F. da-Lopez Yuyu S. Poerba, Yuyu S. Yuyu Suryasari Poerba