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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences AGRIKA Jurnal Mahasiswa Teknologi Hasil Perikanan Research Journal of Life Science Jurnal Pembangunan dan Alam Lestari Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan JURNAL IPTEKS PEMANFAATAN SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN Science and Technology Indonesia JFMR (Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research) Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) Khadimul Ummah Journal of Social Dedication FaST : Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Jurnal Nutrisi Ternak Tropis (JNT) Jurnal Abdi Insani Prosiding Konferensi Nasional PKM-CSR Journal of Fisheries & Marine
Eddy Suprayitno
Universitas Brawijaya
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Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent–Extracted Old and Young Mangrove Avicennia marina Leaves: Comparative Antibacterial Activity Against Propionibacterium acnes Djamaludin, Heder; Firdaus, Shelina Innasa; Suprayitno, Eddy; Yahya, Yahya; Arisandi, Desy; Ahmad, Mirza Gulam; Tambunan, Jeny Ernawati; Ahmad, Nurul Hawa; Ramli, Nurul Shazini; Kartikaningsih, Hartati
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.13

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disorder largely associated with the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes. Although antibiotics are widely used for acne treatment, the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of effective natural alternatives. Mangrove plants are known to contain diverse bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) extracts derived from young and old leaves of Avicennia marina against P. acnes. Extraction was conducted using citric acid–glucose-based NADES with different molar ratios: P1 (1:1), P2 (2:1), P3 (3:1), and P4 (4:1), to assess the effect of solvent composition on antibacterial performance. Antibacterial activity was determined using inhibition zone assays, while molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate interactions between extracted metabolites and P. acnes target proteins. The results showed that both young and old leaf extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity, strongly influenced by the NADES formulation. Young leaf extracts produced the largest inhibition zone with the P4 formulation (24.51±0.75 mm) and the smallest with P1 (21.63±0.67 mm). Similarly, old leaf extracts showed maximum inhibition in P4 (37.38±4.34 mm) and minimum inhibition in P1 (22.62±1.40 mm). Increasing the proportion of citric acid enhanced the extraction of bioactive compounds responsible for antibacterial activity. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between key metabolites and P. acnes target proteins, supporting the experimental findings. Thus, NADES extracts of A. marina leaves, particularly those prepared using a 4:1 citric acid–glucose ratio, demonstrate strong potential as natural antibacterial agents for acne prevention and treatment.
Co-Authors Ahmad, Mirza Gulam Ahmad, Nurul Hawa Alfin Adam Arifin Anggira W, I Putu A Anies Chamidah Anies Chamidah Arifin, Alfin Adam Asep Awaludin Prihanto Attaftazani, Adam Rasyidi Aulanni’am, Aulanni’am Bambang Budi Sasmito Bambang Budi Sasmito Bambang Budi Sasmito Desi Tri Anggita Desy Arisandi Dewi Sinta Wati Dewinta, Dastiana Ajeng Djamaluddin, Heder Djamaludin, Heder Dwi Sulistiyati, Titik E Ernawati, E Efendi, Yessi Renita Endang Yuli Herawati Fiddaroini, Saidun Firdaus, Shelina Innasa Happy Nursyam Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko, Mr. Hariati, Anik Martinah Heder Djamaludin Hidayat, Audiava Happy Kenthida Vanezza Kartika, Aprilia Dwi Kartikaningsih, Hartati Kayanti, Nadila Putri Dwi Kiki Riski Arisandy Kusmartono Kusuma, Zulfia Rifka Ayu Lestari, Santi Dwi Luh Ayu Hesa Frida Nanda Putri Mashudi Mikchaell Alfanov Pardamean Panjaitan Mikchaell Alfanov Pardamean Panjaitan Mohammad Bisri Mr. Hardoko Muhamad Firdaus Mujibur Rahman Khairul Muluk Nursinah Amir, Nursinah Panjaitan, Mickhael A.P. Panjaitan, Mikchaell Alfanov Pardamean Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru Putri, Luh Ayu Hesa Frida Nanda Ramli, Nurul Shazini Rohmatuzzahro, Umi Sasmita, Bambang Budi Setiawan, Daniel Wahyu Siti Tsaniyatul Miratis Sulthoniyah Sulistiati, Titik Dwi Sulistiyati, Titik Dwi Tambunan, Jenny E. Tambunan, Jenny Ernawati Tambunan, Jeny Ernawati Tian Nur Ma’rifat Tina Fransiskha Carolyn Panjaitan, Tina Fransiskha Carolyn Titik Dwi Sulistiyati Titik Dwi Sulistiyati Yahya Yahya Yanuhar, Uun Yulindra, T Trisnawati Yuniarti, Desy Windia Yunita Eka Puspitasari Yunita Yunita Zulfia Rifka Ayu Kusuma