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All Journal DE JURE Jurnal Dimensi Jurnal Cahaya Keadilan Journal of Science and Education (JSE) Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) PETITA Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Journal of Law, Poliitic and Humanities Lex Publica Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Jurnal Pendidikan Siber Nusantara SCIENTIA JOURNAL : Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa
Rizki Tri Anugrah Bhakti
Fakultas Hukum Universitas Brawijaya
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Journal : ranah research journal of multidisciplinary research and development

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Legality, Proportionality and Protection in Public Order Enforcement by Satpol PP in Batam, Indonesia Irwan, Irwan; Maileni, Dwi Afni; Bhakti, Rizki Tri Anugrah; Kelvin, Edwar
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 8 No. 2 (2026): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v8i2.2022

Abstract

This study examines the interplay of legality, proportionality and rights protection in enforcement operations conducted by the Satpol PP in Batam, Indonesia. Local-order enforcement against violations of regional regulations often triggers contestation because it intersects with livelihoods, property interests and security while simultaneously demanding effective public-order governance. The research aims to assess whether enforcement actions comply with applicable mandates and procedural requirements; evaluate how proportionality is applied in selecting measures, escalating interventions and using force; and map available safeguards and remedies for affected residents. A socio-legal case-study design is employed, combining document analysis, field observation and semi-structured interviews with Satpol PP officers, local government units, street vendors and business actors and civil-society representatives. Findings suggest legality is generally satisfied at the level of formal authority, yet procedural weaknesses persist in advance notice, record-keeping, transparency of decision-making and post-operation accountability. Proportionality is not consistently operationalized, particularly regarding the least restrictive option, clear escalation stages and standards on the use of force. Rights protection for impacted communities remains dependent on discretion, with complaint channels and restitution mechanisms insufficiently accessible, especially for vulnerable groups. The study recommends strengthening rights-based SOPs, institutionalizing proportionality training, improving documentation and supervisory controls and providing accessible complaint, mediation and relocation-support pathways. More broadly, inter-agency coordination and performance metrics should prioritize voluntary compliance and reduced grievances, not merely the number of operations, to enhance legitimacy and protect citizens in governance.
Implementation of Enforcement of Regional Regulations on Advertising by Batam’s Public Order Agency (Satpol PP) Haryadi, Nono; Hutasoit, Isfandir; Bhakti, Rizki Tri Anugrah; Kelvin, Edwal
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v8i3.2053

Abstract

This study examines the implementation of regional regulation enforcement on outdoor advertising (reklame) by the Satpol PP of Batam using a simple quantitative approach. It investigates how’s the implementation factors of —communication, resources, implementers’ disposition and bureaucratic structure/standard operating procedures (SOP)—shape enforcement effectiveness. Data were collected through a 1–5 Likert-scale questionnaire administered to all Satpol PP personnel in Batam (N=82) using a census technique and analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, reliability testing and multiple linear regression. Reliability results indicate that all constructs are internally consistent (Cronbach’s Alpha: communication=0.86; resources=0.88; disposition=0.84; SOP=0.82; effectiveness=0.90). Descriptively, all variables fall within the “high” category, with mean scores of 3.74 (SD=0.56) for communication, 3.45 (SD=0.63) for resources, 3.88 (SD=0.52) for disposition, 3.60 (SD=0.58) for SOP and 3.51 (SD=0.65) for enforcement effectiveness. The regression model is statistically significant (F=34.96; p<0.001) and explains 64.5% of the variance in enforcement effectiveness (R²=0.645). At the partial level, resources (β=0.39; p<0.001), communication (β=0.28; p=0.002) and SOP (β=0.23; p=0.010) have significant positive effects, while disposition is not significant (p=0.201). These findings suggest that enforcement effectiveness is primarily driven by organizational capacity, consistent information flow and procedural clarity rather than individual attitudes alone. The study recommends strengthening the advertising-object database, standardizing escalation procedures within SOPs and enhancing inter-agency coordination to improve enforcement consistency. From a broader policy perspective, these findings indicate that enforcement effectiveness in Batam is shaped less by individual commitment alone than by the city’s ability to maintain a reliable advertising-object database, sustain inter-agency information consistency, and apply SOP-based escalation uniformly across cases. The practical implication of this study therefore lies in strengthening data-driven and procedurally standardized enforcement design, rather than treating effectiveness as a purely operational or attitudinal issue
Discretion of Public Order Agency (Satpol PP) in Enforcing Regional Regulations: A Normative Review of Conditions, Limits and Accountability Nasar, Muhammad; Bhakti, Rizki Tri Anugrah; Maileni, Dwi Afni; Sakti, Indra
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v8i3.2054

Abstract

This study aims to formulate the legal basis for the Public Order Agency (Satpol PP) discretion in enforcing regional regulations, focusing on the distinction between routine and discretionary authority, the conditions for exercising discretion, normative limits, and the legal accountability model. The study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials are analyzed through legal interpretation, systematic reasoning, and legal argumentation to develop operational parameters for testing discretion in the practice of enforcing regional regulations. The results show that the main problem does not lie in the existence of discretion, but rather in the absence of consistent parameters for assessing the validity, limits, and accountability of its use. The study produced six main findings, namely the classification of Satpol PP actions between routine and discretionary authority; formal and material conditions for the use of discretion; a matrix for testing the limits of discretion based on legality, general principles of good governance (AUPB), the purpose of authority and proportionality; a typology of risks of deviation; a legal accountability model; and the operational flow of discretion as a framework for institutional evaluation. The findings confirm that the Public Order Agency (Satpol PP)discretion remains legitimate within the framework of a state governed by law, provided it is based on clear authority, a documented rationale, appropriate position objectives, and verifiable accountability mechanisms. This research contributes to strengthening regional administrative law and improving governance to achieve more measurable and accountable regional regulatory enforcement. More specifically, the primary novelty of this study lies in the formulation of an operational flow of Satpol PP discretion that translates abstract principles of legality, AUPB, purpose of authority, proportionality, documentation, and correction into a sequential decision-making framework that can be applied institutionally in daily regional regulation enforcement.
The Role of Satpol PP in Handling Buskers and Beggars in Batam City Lumbantobing, Devi Emelda Br; Maileni, Dwi Afni; Bhakti, Rizki Tri Anugrah; Hutasoit, Isfandir
Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026): Ranah Research : Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research and Development
Publisher : Dinasti Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/rrj.v8i3.2055

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the role of the Batam’s Satpol PP in handling buskers, vagrants and beggars from an administrative law perspective. The study focuses on operational actions, cross-agency coordination patterns, and implementation constraints that affect the sustainability of enforcement outcomes in public spaces. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study strategy. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and reviews of policy and administrative documents, analyzed using thematic analysis, strengthening trustworthiness through source and technique triangulation, audit trails, and adequate context descriptions. The results indicate that enforcement practices in Batam utilize a hybrid enforcement pattern, combining persuasive approaches, administrative actions, and situational enforcement according to the field context. Satpol PP plays a crucial role as a liaison between agencies, but its long-term effectiveness is limited by inconsistent referral channels, varying social service capacity, and a weak post-enforcement follow-up mechanism. The findings emphasize that the success of enforcement is not solely measured by the immediate restoration of order, but rather by the legality of actions, procedural proportionality, quality of coordination, and the sustainability of social impacts. The research contributes to strengthening administrative law studies by showing that effective handling requires integration between norm enforcement, social protection, and the design of more institutionalized cross-agency collaboration.
Co-Authors Agus Riyanto Anggrayni, Liza Anwar, Fachrul Bahtiar Bahtiar Deni, Lindu Dwi Afni Maileni, Dwi Afni Dwiyana, Nenny ER, Marselinah F Fetri Fahlevy, Riza Fernando, Rico Hartawan, Ilham Eka Haryadi, Nono Heryanto, Medi Hutasoit, Isfandir Hutasoit, Ispandir Indra Sakti Irwan Irwan Kelvin, Edwal Kelvin, Edwar Kelvin, Edward Lumbantobing, Devi Emelda Br Maejaya, Banar Mochammad Bakri, Mochammad Muhammad Arif Muhammad Nasar Pramesti, Adelia Widya Pristika Handayani Putra, Rian Rusmana Rabu, Rabu Roja, Roja Saddam Saddam, Saddam Sartika, Evi Febri Seftia Azrianti, Seftia Sianipar, Ronia sinaga, Maruntung Siti Hamidah Tri Novianti, Tri Yulisa, Putri Dwi