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All Journal Jurnal Kimia dan Kemasan Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknoka Ornamen Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Seni Kriya Teknologi Indonesia Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings Metalurgi
Nofrijon Sofyan, Nofrijon
Department Of Metallurgical And Materials Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia Tropical Renewable Energy Center, Faculty Of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
Arts Humanities Chemistry Computer Science & IT Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Spin Coater Design with PID Algorithm Using Polynomial Regression Approach and Bias Tuning for TiO2 Deposition Process Andika, Geo Surya; Sofyan, Nofrijon; Dhaneswara, Donanta; Yuwono, Akhmad Herman
Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings Vol. 4, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The thin-film deposition technique using spin coating offers a cost-effective alternative to Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD). The spin-coating process requires precise control of the motor drive system to ensure that the rotational speed, measured in rotations per minute (RPM), aligns with the set point and remains stable. This study presents the design and development of a spin coater prototype to achieve uniform thin-film deposition. The control method employed utilizes a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm, incorporating a polynomial approach with bias tuning. The PID control was chosen to achieve stable operation in a non-linear system. The performance of the non-linear PID control system is compared with an open-loop control system by evaluating the overshoot behavior. In the first experiment, a proximity sensor was tested to measure the spin coater motor's speed in an open-loop control configuration. The performance was evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) metrics, with results showing an MAE of 1358.6 RPM and a MAPE of 23.13% compared to a tachometer. In the second experiment, step-response testing was conducted using a closed-loop PID control system with a polynomial approach and bias tuning. Compared to the open-loop system, the closed-loop PID controller reduced overshoot to less than 3%. The RPM deviation between the spin coater and the tachometer was limited to range, approaching ideal conditions. The closed-loop control was tested within the 5000–9000 RPM range, where stable RPM regulation resulted in more uniform TiO2 thin-film distribution on glass substrates. This study highlights the effectiveness of closed-loop PID control in achieving precise rotational control, which is essential for enhancing the quality of thin-film deposition.
Characteristics of Carbonaceous Materials Synthesized from Palm Oil Empty Fruit Bunch Waste Using Ferrocene Catalyst Shahab, Ahmad Nabil; Islam, Adinda Izzatul; Wardana, Afif; Yahya, Ilham Nur Dimas; Amalia, Ary Yanuar Tri; Sofyan, Nofrijon; Dhaneswara, Donanta
Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings Vol. 4, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The synthesis of carbonaceous materials for reduced graphene oxide (rGO) precursors using oil palm empty fruit bunches waste as a carbon source offers a sustainable solution for waste management in the palm oil industry while delivering high-performance materials. The oil palm empty fruit bunches were carbonized, followed by acid washing, pyrolysis with ferrocene (8%, 12%, and 16% variations), and ultrasonication to produce rGO. The structural, electronic, and morphological properties of the rGO were analyzed using various characterization techniques. The band gap values decreased with increasing ferrocene concentration, from 1.14 eV (8%) to 1.06 (16%), indicating enhanced electronic conductivity. XRD analysis revealed a crystal size increase from 11.3 nm (8%) to 181 nm (16%), while Raman spectroscopy showed a consistent D to G intensity ratio of 0.85, indicating reduced structural defects. SEM-EDS results demonstrated a carbon to oxygen atomic ratio of 4.38 (8%), 3.79 (12%), and 3.77 (16%), confirming successful reduction and improved carbon content. These finding highlight the potential of rGO synthesized from oil palm empty fruit bunches for applications in semiconductors, energy storage, and gas sensing, offering an innovative approach to sustainable materials development.
Co-Authors Achmad Subhan Agung Imaduddin, Agung Akhmad Herman Yuwono Akhmad Herman Yuwono, Akhmad Alfaruq, Subkhan Amalia Sholehah, Amalia Amalia, Ary Yanuar Tri Andika, Geo Surya Andriayani Andriyah, Lia Anne Zulfia Ardianto, Yahya Winda Azizar, Azizar Bambang Soegijono Daniel Kurniawan Dedi Supriadi Deni Shidqi Khaerudini Dhaneswara, Donanta Erfan Handoko Esty Asma Dewanti FATAH NURDIN Ferdiyanto, David Feti Eka Rahayu Florentinus Firdiyono Gerald Ensang Timuda Ghiska Ramahdita, Ghiska Herlince Sihotang, Herlince Heruwiyono, Maulana Ilham Nur Dimas Yahya Imam Akbar, Imam Imanudin Hidayat Islam, Adinda Izzatul K.H. Firos Dawwas Lalasari, Latifa Hanum Madsuha, Alfian F. Martinus Adi Anggoro, Martinus Adi Maulana, Fakhri Akbar Muhammad Hanifuddin Nurhidayah, Eka Panthoko, Norbert Egan Christo Pawan, Ria Wardhani Prima Yustana Satrio Herbirowo, Satrio Saur L. Raja, Saur Septiningrum, Fairuz Shahab, Ahmad Nabil Slamet Priyono Sri Harjanto Sunaryo Sunaryo Tri Arini, Tri Veronika Kristanti Putri Laksmi Wardana, Afif Winarto Winarto Yahya, Ilham Nur Dimas Yuwono, A. H. Yuwono, A.H