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PEMANFAATAN MILK CLOTTING ENZYME DARI Lactobacillus casei D11 UNTUK PEMBUATAN KEJU MOZZARELLA Rohmatussolihat -; Miranti Nurindah Sari; Puspita Lisdiyanti; Yantyati Widyastuti; Endang Sukara
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 26 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

Milk Clotting Enzyme (MCE) is an active agent for cheese making which may be produced by Lactic acid bacteria (LAB). MCE activity differs according to the LAB strains used. Lactobacillus casei D11 could produced MCE when it is grown in MRS broth medium. In this study, MCE of L. casei D11 with the addition of rennet is used and optimized for the production of mozzarella cheese using Response Surface Method (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD). The organoleptic properties were determined by hedonics test involving 30 respondents and analyzed statistically which was followed by a Duncan's test. Furthermore, a proximate analysis of mozzarella cheese was conducted. Our results show that the MCE activity produced by L. casei D11 was 8.471 Soxhlet Unit with protease activity of 3.28 U/mL. The ANOVA results showed that the concentration of MCE significantly influence the production of curd. Theoptimum concentration of MCE and rennet for the production of curd suited for the production of mozzarella cheese were 20 and 0.002%, respectively, with a maximum predicted curd yield of 14.996% (g/100 mL milk) which is increased by 13.9% as compared to the curd yield before optimization. The statistical analysis on taste, color, flavor, and cheese texture by respondents shows that mozzarella cheese made by a combination of 15% of MCE and 0.00079 and 0.0015% of rennet, were organoleptically superior to the commercial mozzarella used in this experiment. The proximate analysis shows that mozzarella produced has a moisture content of 33.34%(w/w), 3.48% ash, 30.44% fat, 25.12% protein, 7.53% carbohydrate and energy of 404 kkal/100g.

ANALISIS MODEL REGRESI SEDIMEN KOLAM LELE, SUKROSA, DAN BIOFERTILIZER TERHADAP PROSES NITRIFIKASI Neng Rian Nur’aeni, Hanies Ambarsari, Rohmatussolihat, Endang Sukara
Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian Vol. 29 No. 1 (2019): Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian
Publisher : Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24961/j.tek.ind.pert.2019.29.1.88

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to create regression model for sediment of catfish ponds, sucroses, and biofertilizers on the nitrification process. The sediment of catfish pond used was sediment collected from catfish farm at age of 21 days after seed stocking. The nitrification process was done in active sludge reactor of 1 L reactor working capacity which was entirely given ammonia in the form of NH3-N as much as 77.65 ppm. Central Composite Design (CCD) was used to determine the amount of sediment, sucrose, and biofertilizer. The ammonia nitrification process was carried out over a period of 21 days. The three main parameters, including rate of ammonia oxidation (NH3-N), nitrite accumulation (NO2-N), and nitrate accumulation (NO3-N). From this research, it was known that 74 g/L sediments of catfish ponds, 6.6 g/L sucrose 7.5 mL/L biofertilizer were required to obtain maximum ammonia oxidation rate. The result of the verification experiment obtained was 99.85%. In this research, two isolates of bacteria were isolated. Biochemical test using kit of VITEK GN+ (bioMerieux) indicated that the isolated bacteria were belong to the species of Sphingobacterium thalpophilum (probability = 99%) and Cupriavidus pauculus (probabililty = 98%).Keywords: ammonia, central composite design (CCD), nitrifying bacteria, Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

INDONESIAN BIODIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: LIPI Update Lukman Hakim; Endang Sukara
Widyariset Vol 13, No 1 (2010): Widyariset
Publisher : Pusbindiklat - LIPI

Indonesia adalah negara dengan keanekaragaman hayati terbesar di dunia (mega diversity country). Negeri ini sudah sepantasnya memiliki nilai tinggi bagi keberlanjutan kehidupan umat manusia di atas planet bumi yang sangat rapuh ini. Keanekaragaman hayati adalah satu-satunya sumber materi genetik yang diperlukan untuk menumbuhkembangkanbioteknologi. Keanekaragaman hayati dan sumber daya genetik yang terkandung di dalamnyadiyakini akan sangat penting dalam upaya manusia menyesuaikan diri dan mengantisipasi perubahan iklim global dan memastikan pencapaian target MDG. Sebagai negara dengan keanekaragaman hayati terbesar, Indonesia berpeluang sangat besar untuk memberikan kontribusi bagi kepentingan umat manusia tanpa kecuali. Melalui kemajuan ilmu biologi, khususnya di bidang biologi molekuler dan genetika molekuler, keanekaragman hayati dangenetik yang ada di dalamnya dapat terus dipelajari, dilestarikan, dan dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai kepentingan, baik pertanian (produksi benih yang adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim dan perubahan pola konsumsi), industri (bioekonomi/ekonomi hijau), kesehatan (produksi obat baru untuk mengatasi berbagai penyakit baru/new emerging deseases), dan lingkungan (meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan). Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) telahmendirikan Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi, 10 tahun sebelum dibentuknya Komite Bioteknologi Nasional. Melalui sejarah panjang, LIPI secara berkesinambungan terus melakukan kegiatan riset di bidang keanekaragaman hayati. Dengan komitmen penuh, LIPI berupaya merawat koleksi spesimen tumbuhan, hewan, dan mikroba di Herbarium Bogoriense, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Koleksi Kultur Mikroba, dan Kebun Raya, termasuk 18 Kebun Raya baru yang didirikan di berbagai kota dan provinsi di seluruh Indonesia. Penelitian terhadap nilai manfaat keanekaragaman hayati juga dilakukan. Penelitian molekuler dan genetik merupakan salah satu di antaranya. Beberapa telah menunjukkan hasil yang positif. Kerja sama ilmiah internasional menjadi salah satu hal yang harus dilakukan dalam mempercepat pemahaman tentang arti pentingnya keanekaragaman hayati dan genetik yang ada di dalamnya serta mencari mekanisme pemanfaatannya yang tepat sesuai dengan kesepakatan internasional(CBD, Protokol Cartagena, dan Protokol Nagoya) sebelum sumber daya alam hayati ini mengalami kepunahan.

DIVERSITY OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM EKA KARYA BOTANICAL GARDEN, BALI Shanti Ratnakomala; Puspita Lisdiyanti; Nita Rosalinda Prayitno; Evi Triana; Yulin Lestari; Ratih Dwi Hastuti; Yantyati Widyastuti; Misa Otoguro; Katsuhiko Ando; Endang Sukara
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 23 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

A total of 229 strains of actinomycetes were isolated and identified by full sequence of 16S rRNA gene analysis. Samples consisted of 18 soil and 20 leaf-litter were collected from Eka Karya Botanical Garden, Bali Island, Indonesia. Two isolation methods, i.e. SDS-Yeast Extract (SY) and Rehydration-Centrifugation (RC) were used in this study. Based on 16S rRNA gene analysis, isolated actinomycetes may be grouped into 28 genera. Based on molecular analysis of 16S rRNA gene similarities showed that isolated actinomycetes of Eka Karya Botanical Garden origin is diverse. Analysis on 144 isolates from soil samples, resulted in 24 genera and more than 87 species. Streptomyces is the most dominant genus where 65 isolates or 45% from isolated actinomycetes belong to this genus. It was followed by Actinoplanes (25 isolates =17%). From leaf-littersamples, the total number of 85 isolates may be grouped into 9 genera and more than 41 species. The most dominated genus is Actinoplanes (42 isolates =49%) followed by Catenuloplanes (16 isolates=19%).Keywords: 16S rRNA gene analysis, actinomycetes, biodiversity, Eka Karya Botanical Garden

KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI (EMAS HIJAU) ALTERNATIF BAGI INDONESIA KELUAR DARI KRISIS MULTIDIMENSI Endang Sukara
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 7, No 6 (2005)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v7i6.861

Krisis ekonomi yang terjadi di Indonesia terutama bersumber dari dalam negeri kita sendiri.Pemerintah orde baru, terutama sejak era konglomerasi (1987-1994), terlalu mengabaikan berkembangnya kesenjangan.Pertumbuhan ekonomi ternyata hanya sebuah fatamorgana (Mubyarto,2000). Krisis ekonomi 1997-1998 dan keadaan politik yang tidak menentu, mengakibatkan nilai mata uang rupiah dalam tempo yang amat singkat, menurun drastis. Indonesia pun langsung terpuruk. Kegiatan ekonomi tersendat karena sebagian besarnya sangat tergantung kepada bahan baku impor. Banyak perusahaan yang gulung tikar dan banyak buruh terpaksa di PHK. Jumlah penganggur dan jumlah penduduk miskin meningkat dengan tajam.

TIGA RATUS TAHUN LINNEAUS - SUATU PENGANTAR Endang Sukara
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 8, No 4(a) (2007)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v8i4(a).1533

Three hundred years ago, a Sweden expert, Carl von Linne had laid down a very basic and strong foundation in naming all the living organisms on earth.Supposedly, without the brilliant effort of Carl von Linn6, nowadays, there may have any chaos among people around the world in naming all the living creatures, because everyone would have given the name to those organisms, due to their own sense; thus a kind species may have thousands of name. If this is happen, then all the information regarding the species (including its benefit to mankind) may have no meaning at all. All people would have spoken about a species differently, without realize that they actually regarding about the same species.The center of references such as Herbarium Bogoriense and Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense may be not existed without the work and service of Carolus Linnaeus. No one nowadays arguing the great service of Carolus Linnaeus in naming of each living organisms based on binomial nomenclature.

VARIASI GENETIK Lactobacillus fermentum Beijerink ASAL SAYUR ASIN BERDASARKAN ANALISIS RFLP 16S-23S rDNA ISR, RAPD-PCR DAN ERIC-PCR Sulistiani Sulistiani; Wibowo Mangunwardoyo; Abinawanto Abinawanto; Endang Sukara; Achmad Dinoto; Andi Salamah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 16, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v16i2.2772

Molecular analysis of Lactobacillus fermentum isolates is essential to understand their genetic variation in relations to their roles in sayur asin fermentation process. Combination of three molecular techniques which is restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of 16S23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) and an enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) analysis were performed to discriminate 19 representative isolates of L. fermentum isolated from sayur asin. The result showed that L. fermentum strain D11 is distantly related to other isolates based on RFLP using HhaI restriction enzyme and RAPDPCR analyses. In addition, both of RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR successfully determined the genetic variation among L. fermentum strains by exhibiting distinct 4-8 bands (800-2080 bp) and 4-10 bands (280-3050 bp), respectively. A dendogram generated from UPGMA cluster analysis of both RAPD-PCR and ERIC-PCR data showed two distinct genotypic groups exist among L. fermentum isolated from sayur asin in Indonesia.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI NITRAT DAN KONSENTRASI ISOLAT SEDIMEN KOLAM IKAN LELE (Clarias SP.) PADA PROSES DENITRIFIKASI Endang Sukara; Hanies Ambarsari; Andi Hartono
Biodidaktika : Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya Vol 14, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30870/biodidaktika.v14i1.4840

INDONESIAN BIODIVERSITY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: LIPI Update Lukman Hakim; Endang Sukara
Widyariset Vol 13, No 1 (2010): Widyariset
Publisher : Pusbindiklat - LIPI

Indonesia adalah negara dengan keanekaragaman hayati terbesar di dunia (mega diversity country). Negeri ini sudah sepantasnya memiliki nilai tinggi bagi keberlanjutan kehidupan umat manusia di atas planet bumi yang sangat rapuh ini. Keanekaragaman hayati adalah satu-satunya sumber materi genetik yang diperlukan untuk menumbuhkembangkanbioteknologi. Keanekaragaman hayati dan sumber daya genetik yang terkandung di dalamnyadiyakini akan sangat penting dalam upaya manusia menyesuaikan diri dan mengantisipasi perubahan iklim global dan memastikan pencapaian target MDG. Sebagai negara dengan keanekaragaman hayati terbesar, Indonesia berpeluang sangat besar untuk memberikan kontribusi bagi kepentingan umat manusia tanpa kecuali. Melalui kemajuan ilmu biologi, khususnya di bidang biologi molekuler dan genetika molekuler, keanekaragman hayati dangenetik yang ada di dalamnya dapat terus dipelajari, dilestarikan, dan dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai kepentingan, baik pertanian (produksi benih yang adaptif terhadap perubahan iklim dan perubahan pola konsumsi), industri (bioekonomi/ekonomi hijau), kesehatan (produksi obat baru untuk mengatasi berbagai penyakit baru/new emerging deseases), dan lingkungan (meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan). Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) telahmendirikan Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi, 10 tahun sebelum dibentuknya Komite Bioteknologi Nasional. Melalui sejarah panjang, LIPI secara berkesinambungan terus melakukan kegiatan riset di bidang keanekaragaman hayati. Dengan komitmen penuh, LIPI berupaya merawat koleksi spesimen tumbuhan, hewan, dan mikroba di Herbarium Bogoriense, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Koleksi Kultur Mikroba, dan Kebun Raya, termasuk 18 Kebun Raya baru yang didirikan di berbagai kota dan provinsi di seluruh Indonesia. Penelitian terhadap nilai manfaat keanekaragaman hayati juga dilakukan. Penelitian molekuler dan genetik merupakan salah satu di antaranya. Beberapa telah menunjukkan hasil yang positif. Kerja sama ilmiah internasional menjadi salah satu hal yang harus dilakukan dalam mempercepat pemahaman tentang arti pentingnya keanekaragaman hayati dan genetik yang ada di dalamnya serta mencari mekanisme pemanfaatannya yang tepat sesuai dengan kesepakatan internasional(CBD, Protokol Cartagena, dan Protokol Nagoya) sebelum sumber daya alam hayati ini mengalami kepunahan.

POTENTIAL VALUES OF BACTERIAL CELLULOSE FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Endang Sukara; Ruth Meliawati
JURNAL SELULOSA Vol 4, No 01 (2014): JURNAL SELULOSA
Publisher : Center for Pulp and Paper

Cellulose is the main biopolymer on earth and internationally plays an important role in global economic arena. Along with the current and the future advancement of science and technology, cellulose particularly pure cellulose, has an ample of opportunity to be used as raw materials in modern food, health industry and many other industrial sectors including for the production of advance materials. Currently, the main source of cellulose is that of plant origin which naturally interconnected with lignin to forms materials called lignocellulose. Separation of cellulose from lignocellulose is a complicated process. Meanwhile, cellulose which is synthesized by diverse microbial species, especially bacteria, has many advantages. The purity of bacterial cellulose is very high, better crystalline property, high water absorbency, simple polymerization, stronger, and high bio-compatibility. In this review, recent application of bacterial cellulose in the development of food, health industries as well as advance materials will be discussed.Keywords: bacterial cellulose, nano-crystal, medical device, nanocomposite, biocompatible ABSTRAKSelulosa adalah polimer utama di permukaan bumi dan secara internasional menempati kedudukan penting dalam perkembangan ekonomi dunia. Seiring dengan kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan saat ini dan di masa yang akan datang, selulosa, khususnya selulosa murni, memiliki peluang yang sangat luar biasa sebagai bahan baku pada industri makanan modern, industri kesehatan, dan sektor industri lainnya termasuk industri material maju. Saat ini, sumber selulosa utama adalah tanaman. Selulosa yang berasal dari tanaman selalu berikatan dengan lignin dalam bentuk ligonoselulosa yang memiliki kerumitan untuk memisahkannya. Sementara itu, selulosa yang disintesis oleh berbagai jenis mikroba, khususnya bakteri, memiliki keuntungan yang besar karena tingkat kemurniannya yang tinggi, sifat kristal yang lebih baik, mampu menyerap air, polimerisasi yang sederhana, lebih kuat, dan memiliki daya adaptasi biologis yang tinggi. Dalam tinjauan ini, perkembangan terkini dalam proses pengolahan selulosa yang berasal dari bakteri untuk kepentingan pengembangan industri makanan, kesehatan, dan material maju akan didiskusikan.Kata kunci: bakteri,selulosa, kristal-nano, alat kesehatan,komposit-nano, bio-kompatibel

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