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All Journal ODONTO Dental Journal Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students Odonto dental journal Jurnal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society

Meirina Gartika

Universitas Padjadjaran

Author-ID : 518138

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Evaluasi kepatuhan perawatan space maintainer lepasan pada anakChildren compliance evaluation on removable space maintainer treatment Linggar Risang Aditya; Meirina Gartika; Risti Saptarini Primarti
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Vol 30, No 1 (2018): April
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Pendahuluan: Kepatuhan anak pada pemakaian alat space maintainer lepasan berpengaruh pada erupsi gigi permanen yang menentukan keberhasilan dalam mempertahankan ruang akibat premature loss. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kepatuhan anak pada perawatan space maintainer lepasan di Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut (RSGM) Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad). Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 25 responden yang diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan lembar kuesioner dan diberikan kepada responden usia 7-12 tahun yang menggunakan space maintainer lepasan di Instalasi Kedokteran Gigi Anak RSGM Unpad. Hasil: Responden yang tidak rutin dalam memakai alat disebabkan karena rasa tidak nyaman atau ada bagian plat yang tajam, sedangkan tingkat kepatuhan responden yang memakai alat space maintainer lepasan mendapatkan nilai skor rata-rata 68,3% dengan kriteria baik. Simpulan: Kepatuhan anak dalam memakai alat space maintainer lepasan menunjukkan kepatuhan yang baik.Kata kunci: Kepatuhan anak, premature loss, space maintainer lepasan, RSGM Unpad. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Children compliance in using the removable space maintainer has an important effect on permanent dental eruptions, and determine the success in maintaining space due to premature loss. This study was aimed to evaluate the children compliance on the treatment using removable space maintainers at Universitas Padjadjaran (Unpad) Dental Hospital. Methods: The type of research was descriptive research, with the subject as much as 25 respondents were taken using the total sampling technique. Data was collected using questionnaire given to the respondents aged 7 – 12-years-old which were removable space maintainer users at Pediatric Dentistry Installation of Unpad Dental Hospital. Result: The results showed that respondents whose using the removable space maintainer not as scheduled were caused by discomfort or the sharp plate, while the average respondents’ compliance level was 68.3% and categorised in good criteria. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the respondents’ compliance in using a removable space maintainer showed a good compliance level.Keywords: Children compliance, premature loss, removable space maintainer.

Hubungan frekuensi asupan minuman manis dengan akumulasi plak pada anakThe relationship between the frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage intake and plaque accumulation in children Savitri Savitri; Risti Saptarini Primarti; Meirina Gartika
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Vol 29, No 2 (2017): Agustus
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Pendahuluan: Derajat kesehatan gigi dan mulut dapat diukur berdasarkan akumulasi plak pada permukaan gigi. Faktor yang menyebabkan terbentuknya akumulasi plak adalah karbohidrat di makanan, salah satunya dalam bentuk minuman manis. Kandungan pemanis di dalam minuman terbagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu, pemanis alami dan buatan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui hubungan antara frekuensi asupan minuman manis dengan akumulasi plak pada anak. Metode: Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan studi korelatif, subjek penelitian adalah anak berusia 8-10 tahun yang bersekolah di delapan sekolah dasar negeri Kecamatan Coblong, Bandung. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan multistage random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan food record quistionnaire untuk diisi pada satu hari libur dan masuk sekolah, kemudian anak dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan indeks plak O’Leary. Data yang terkumpul, ditabulasi dan diuji dengan korelasi Pearson. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi rata-rata asupan minuman manis adalah dua dan akumulasi plak rata-rata adalah 81.17%. Hasil analisis hubungan frekuensi asupan minuman manis dengan akumulasi plak didapatkan korelasi koefisien (r) sebesar 0.364 dengan p=0.011 (p<0.05). Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara frekuensi asupan minuman manis dengan akumulasi plak.Kata kunci: Frekuensi, pemanis alami, pemanis buatan, akumulasi plak. ABSTRACTIntroduction: The degree of dental and oral health can be measured based on the accumulation of plaque on the surface of the tooth. Factors that cause the formation of plaque accumulation are carbohydrates in food, one of which is in the form of sugar-sweetend beverages. The sweetener content in drinks is divided into two types, natural and artificial sweeteners. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the frequency of intake of sugar-sweetend beverages and plaque accumulation in children. Methods: This type of research is descriptive with correlative studies, research subjects are children aged 8-10 years who attended eight public elementary schools in Coblong District, Bandung. The sampling technique uses multistage random sampling. Data collection uses a food record questionnaire to fill in one day off and go to school, then the child is examined by the O’Leary plaque index. Data collected, tabulated and tested with Pearson correlation. Results: Research shows that the average frequency of intake of sugar-sweetend beverages is two and the average plaque accumulation is 81.17%. The results of the analysis of the relationship between the frequency of intake of sugar-sweetend beverages and plaque accumulation obtained correlation coefficient (r) of 0.364 with p = 0.011 (p <0.05). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the frequency of intake of sugar-sweetend beverages and plaque accumulation.Keywords: Frequency, intake, natural sweetener, artificial sweetener, plaque accumulation.

The effect of oral habits in the oral cavity of children and its treatment Meirina Gartika
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 20, No 2 (2008): July 2008
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran

Oral habits include habit which is continuously done and has the potential to cause defects in teeth and perioral tissues. Some of the oral habits are finger/thumb sucking, lip sucking/biting, nail biting, bruxism, abnormal swallowing and mouth breathing. The etiology of oral habits includes the disharmonious relationship between parents and children, dissatisfaction in oral phase, premature weaning, emotional disturbance, anomaly, and diseases. Oral habits will influence the development of occlusion and perioral structures in children in the growing and development process. The treatment of oral habits can be done with or without appliances. The non-appliance treatment consists of psychological approach, medical approach and myofunctional therapy while the appliance treatment will include the use of orthodontic appliances.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TERPENOID OF SARANG SEMUT (Myrmecodia pendans) WITH mRNA FRUCTOSYLTRANFERASE EXPRESSION OF Streptococcus mutans BIOFILM ATCC 25175 Mieke Hemiawati Satari; Eka Chemiawan; Meirina Gartika; Darul Rabil
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2021): July 2021
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Background: Terpenoid isolate sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendans) is a natural material that has antibacterial power through the destruction of the cell membrane of Streptoccus mutans (S. mutans). Fructosiltransferase (ftf) is one of the extrapolisaccharides produced by S. mutans. The formation of Ftf is governed by the ftf gene. The aim of research was to know the correlation between terpenoid of Sarang semut administration with ftf mRNA expression of S. mutans biofilm ATCC 25175.Method: The study used mixed methods, namely descriptive explorative method to look at the isolation of ftf gene and ftf mRNA expression. This study began with making 1 day biofilm , then given terpenoid isolates of sarang semut and chlorhexidine. Next, isolation of ftf genes and ftf mRNA expression was carried out, then the differences in S. mutans ATCC 25175 mRNA ftf expression in sarang semut and chlorhexidine were given for 1 and 30 minutes using Real-Time PCR. Continued by looking at the relationship of the duration of administration of sarang semut terpenoids to the expression of S. mutans ATCC 25175 mRNA ftf biofilm. Statistical analysis used the t test with p-value <0.05 and Pearson.Results: The results showed that ftf gene with 130 bp length and ftf mRNA expression could be isolated from S. mutans biofilm ATCC 25175 which were given terpenoid isolates from sarang semut. The expression of sarang semut mRNA ftf and chlorhexidine did not have a significant difference for 1 minute (p = 0.0761), whereas in 30 minutes the ant nest had a higher mRNA expression (p = 0.0186). There is a relationship between the duration of administration of terpenoid isolates of sarang semut with S. mutans ATCC 25175 mRNA ftf expression (r2 = 0.614), with a medium correlation coefficient.Conclusion: The conclusion of the study were that sarang semut terpenoid had the same effect as chlorhexidine for 1 minute on S. mutans biofilms, whereas at 30 minutes it was different. There is a relationship between terpenoids of sarang semut isolates and S. mutans biofilm ATCC 25175 mRNA expression.

PERBEDAAAN PENURUNAN MASA BIOFILM Streptococcus mutans ANTARA PEMBERIAN FRAKSI N-HEKSANA DAN ETIL ASETAT EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG PUTIH SIUNG TUNGGGAL (Allium sativum L.) Ratna Indriyanti; Faizal Hasan; Meirina Gartika
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2019): July 2019
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Background: Garlic (Allium sativum L) is one of the most important Allium species consumed worldwide and has been used for decades as a cure for various diseases. The aim of this research was to compare the efficacy of single-clove garlic’s n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans biofilmMethod: This was a true experimental research. The biofilm mass was determined by absorbance value at 590 nm wavelength with ELISA reader in a microplate using safranin. Data was analyzed using ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis with ρ value <0.05.Result: The result showed that average decrease of biofilm mass after 1-30 minutes of ethyl acetate fraction administration was 33.4 ± 8.03 mg/mL, n-hexane 23.6 ± 0.97 mg/mL and chlorhexidine 35.5 ± 0.98 mg/mL. The average decrease of biofilm mass after 30-60 minutes of ethyl acetate fraction administration was 11.94 ± 7.44 mg/mL, n-hexane 43.87 ± 41.6 mg/mL and chlorhexidine 16.35 ± 4.6 mg/ mL. Statistic analysis showed that there was a notable difference in the decrease of Streptococcus mutans biofilm mass (ρ value= 0.00). Conclusion: The conclusion of this research was that administrating either n-hexane or ethyl acetate fractions of a single-clove garlic has the ability to decreaseS. mutans biofilm mass.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum) Djuned Prasonto; Eriska Riyanti; Meirina Gartika
Odonto : Dental Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2017): December 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Background: Organosulfur compound, allicin and phenolic are the main compound in garlic responsible for antioxidant activity. Correlation between free radicals and some dental diseases, such as free radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) responsible for periodontal inﬂammation, caries, lesions and oral cancers. The research objective is to get scientifc data about the antioxidant activity from garlic extract (Allium sativum).Method: The research was conducted using three diﬀerent varieties of garlic:local garlic varieties Ciwidey, single local garlic’s clove, and import garlic which is found at the market in Bandung. Garlic extract is made by maceration using ethanol 96% and antioxidant activity test using DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl). Statistical analysis using One Way ANOVA followed by post hoc analysisResult: three varieties of garlic have a strong antioxidant activity. Value of IC50 = 13.61 mg / ml for local garlic varieties Ciwidey, IC50 = 10.61 mg/ml for single local garlic’s clove and IC50 = 11.32 mg/ml for imports garlic.Conclusion: Three varieties of garlic have diﬀerent antioxidant strength and the best antioxidant strength is single local garlic’s clove.

Comprehensive oral treatment of drooling factors in patients with neonatal asphyxia and diagnosed with DDH: Case report Wita Puspitasari; Intan Maulani; Niekla Survia Andiesta; Meirina Gartika
Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran Vol 35, No 2 (2023): Agustus 2023
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jkg.v35i2.48336

ABSTRACT Introduction: Drooling is salivary incontinence or involuntary spillage of saliva onto the lower lip due to anterior sialorrhea and oral motor dysfunction. The instability of the hip region in this patient causes the body posture to become less aligned, this condition may affect the oral motor. Rampant caries causes sialorrhea which also exacerbates drooling in these patients. Aim of this case report is to report comprehensive oral treatment in drooling child patients with neonatal asphyxia and diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Case Report: A 6-year-old girl patient was brought by her mother to the Pediatric Dental Clinic at Al Ihsan West Java Provincial Hospital with concerns of excessive salivation and frequent toothache. Clinical examination revealed multiple caries. The patient was diagnosed with DDH resulting in poor posture attributed to hip bone dysplasia. The comprehensive dental treatment, performed under general anesthesia, encompassed various procedures such as pulpectomy, Stainless Steel Crown (SSC), Strip crown with Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) restoration, fissure sealant, topical fluoride treatment, and extraction. During the one-week recall, there were no complaints of pain and decreased drooling. The patient was referred to the medical rehabilitation department for further treatment of swallowing problems. The patient is still undergoing DDH treatment with an orthopedic specialist at Santosa Hospital, Bandung. Conclusion: Comprehensive oral treatment and orthopedic treatment are ways to reduce drooling factors in patients who have a history of neonatal asphyxia and are diagnosed with DDH. Multidisciplinary cooperation in both dentistry and general medicine is needed so that major problems are resolved and children's quality of life is improved.Keywords Comprehensive oral treatment, drooling factors, neonatal asphyxia, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)Perawatan oral komprehensif faktor drooling pada pasien asfiksia neonatorum dan terdiagnosis DDH: Laporan kasusABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Drooling adalah inkontinensia saliva atau tumpahan saliva yang tidak disengaja ke bibir bawah karena sialorrhea anterior dan disfungsi motorik mulut. Instabilitas daerah pinggul pada pasien ini menyebabkan postur tubuh menjadi kurang selaras sehingga berpengaruh terhadap motorik oral. Karies rampan menyebabkan sialorrhea yang juga memperparah drooling pada pasien ini. Tujuan dari laporan kasus ini adalah untuk melaporkan perawatan oral yang komprehensif pada pasien anak yang drooling dengan asfiksia neonatal dan didiagnosis displasia perkembangan pinggul (DDH). Laporan Kasus: Pasien anak usia 6 tahun dibawa ibunya ke Klinik Gigi Anak di RSUD Al-Ihsan dengan keluhan mengeluarkan saliva berlebih dan sering sakit gigi. Hasil pemeriksaan klinis didapatkan karies hampir pada seluruh gigi. Pasien didiagnosis dengan Displasia Perkembangan Pinggul (DDH) yang mengakibatkan postur tubuh yang buruk yang dikaitkan dengan displasia tulang pinggul. Perawatan gigi yang komprehensif, dilakukan dengan anestesi umum, meliputi berbagai prosedur seperti pulpektomi, Stainless Steel Crown (SSC), restorasi Strip crown dengan Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC), fissure sealant, perawatan fluoride topikal, dan ekstraksi. Saat kontrol satu minggu, tidak ada keluhan sakit dan drooling berkurang. Pasien dirujuk ke bagian rehabilitasi medik untuk dilakukan perawatan lanjutan pada masalah penelanan. Pasien masih melakukan perawatan DDH dengan dokter spesialis ortopedi di RS Santosa Bandung. Simpulan: Perawatan komprehensif rongga mulut dan perawatan ortopedi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengurangi faktor penyebab drooling pada pasien yang memiliki riwayat asfiksia neonatorum dan didiagnosa DDH. Kerjasama multidisiplin baik dalam bidang spesialisasi kedokteran gigi maupun dalam bidang spesialisasi kedokteran umum diperlukan agar masalah utama teratasi dan kualitas hidup anak menjadi lebih baik.Kata kunci Perawatan oral komprehensif; faktor drooling; asfiksia neonatal; developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)

Efek berkumur menggunakan chlorine dioxideterhadap penurunan akumulasi plak: studi eksperimental Ahmad, Alifah Halimah; Gartika, Meirina; Pratidina, Naninda Berliana
Padjadjaran Journal of Dental Researchers and Students Vol 8, No 2 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjdrs.v8i2.54132

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Plak gigi merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya karies. Pengendalian plak secara kimiawi dilakukan menggunakan obat kumur. Obat kumur klorheksidin (CHX) dan chlorine dioxide (ClO2) membantu menurunkan plak pada permukaan gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan penurunan skor plak setelah penggunaan obat kumur ClO2 dan CHX. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan studi eksperimental acak terkontrol dan menyilang dua periode dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada 30 siswa di SD Islam Bakti Asih Kabupaten Bandung yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok I diinstruksikan berkumur obat kumur ClO2 dan kelompok II diinstruksikan berkumur obat kumur CHX 0.2%, dua kali sehari selama tiga hari. setelah tujuh hari periode washed out, masing-masing kelompok menggunakan obat kumur yang berlawanan. Pengukuran skor plak dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pemakaian obat kumur menggunakan indeks O’Leary. Uji reliabilitas antar rater menggunakan Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Uji kesepakatan antar rater didapatkan nilai ICC termasuk kategori baik (r=0.886, 95% confidence interval (CI)). Pengolahan data menggunakan uji t berpasangan dan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan skor plak sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan obat kumur mengalami penurunan yang signifikan(p<0.05), namun tidak ada perbedaan penurunan skor plak yang signifikan antara penggunaan obat kumur ClO2 dan CHX (p=0.414). Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan skor plak sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan dari obat kumur ClO2 dan CHX serta tidak terdapat perbedaan penurunan skor plak antara penggunaan obat kumur ClO2 dan CHX. Obat kumur ClO2 dapat menjadi alternatif perawatan tambahan dalam penurunan plak pada anak. KATA KUNCI: obat kumur chlorine dioxide, klorheksidin, indeks plak, indeks O’LearyChlorine dioxide mouthwash effect in reducing plaque accumulation: a randomized controlled trial with two-period crossover studyABSTRACTIntroduction: Dental plaque is one of the factors causing dental caries. Chemical plaque control is achieved through the use of mouthwash. Chlorhexidine (CHX) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) mouth rinses help reduce plaque on tooth surface. This study aims to analyze the differences in plaque score reduction after using ClO2 and CHX mouthwash. Methods: This research utilized a randomized controlled crossover design with purposive sampling. The research was conducted on 30 students in grades 4-6 at SD Islam Bakti Asih Kabupaten Bandung, divided into two groups. Group I was instructed to rinse with ClO2 and Group II with 0.2% CHX, twice daily for three days. After a seven-day washout period, each group switched to the opposing mouthwash. Plaque scores were measured before and after mouth rinse use using the O’Leary index. Inter-rater reliability was tested using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The result demonstrated that the ICC of all examiners was in good agreement (r=0.886, 95% confidence interval (CI)). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and unpaired t-tests. Results: This research shows that plaque scores before and after using mouthwash decreased significantly (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in plaque scores reduction between ClO2 and CHX mouthwash (p=0.414). Conclusion: There was a difference in plaque scores before and after using ClO2 and CHX mouthwash, and there was no difference in reduced plaque scores between ClO2 and CHX mouthwash. ClO2 mouthwash could be an alternative additional treatment for reducing plaque in children.KEY WORDS: chlorine dioxide mouthwash, chlorhexidine, plaque index, O’Leary index

The effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel against erosion on enamel microstructure of primary teeth which soaked with Citrus aurantifolia Lai Yi, Flora Ng; Riyanti, Eriska; Gartika, Meirina
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 34, No 3 (2022): November 2022
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol34no3.39293

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Erosion is a common dental problem that is especially prevalent in children due to the increasing consumption of acidic food and beverages. APF gel is believed to be effective in reducing the demineralization effect of the teeth as well as escalating the remineralization process. This research aims to determine and evaluate the effectiveness of 1.23% APF gel as a preventive agent for the erosion of tooth enamel, specifically in deciduous teeth. Methods: This type of research is true experimental research. The population of this research would be primary teeth extracted from children, using a purposive sampling technique with inclusive and exclusive criteria. A total amount of 5 maxillary primary central incisors were extracted and cleaned. APF gel was applied repetitively on the left side of the teeth for 4 minutes every hour, whereas the right side was left as it is. Samples were then analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A qualitative and subjective analysis regarding the micromorphological features of the erosion can be done. Result: The side of teeth without APF gel application has a greater erosion rate compared with teeth with APF gel application. The tooth which is demineralized shows a honeycomb structure of the interprismatic enamel. As for the dentinal tubules, teeth without APF gel application have a bigger opening of dentinal tubules, going up to 7.868 micrometers in size compared to teeth with APF gel application (1-2 micrometers). Conclusion: The application of professional acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel on deciduous teeth even when soaked in Citrus aurantifolia, is proven to be effective in preventing dental erosion.Keywords: acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel; citrus aurantifolia; dental erosion; primary tooth

Bacterial profile in children with early childhood caries Sinta Dwi ARDIYANTINI; Hening Tjaturina PRAMESTİ; Meirina GARTIKA
Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society Vol 7, No 2 (2022): December 2022
Publisher : Dentistry Faculty

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24815/jds.v7i2.30239

Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is the most common chronic infectious disease of childhood in the world, caused by the interaction of the host (oral cavity), substrate, microbes, and time. Bacteria as microbes that play a role in the formation of ECC have been widely studied. This study aims to determine the bacterial profile in children with ECC and to compare the oral microbial profiles in children with ECC and caries-free children (CF). Methods: This study uses a scoping review method. Article searches were performed on the PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, using the keyword and Boolean operator "(early childhood caries) AND (profile bacterial OR bacterial) AND (children)." The initial search obtained 1356 articles. All articles were then selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria using the PRISMA procedure to receive 14 articles. Results: Analysis of 14 articles showed that 11 articles reported that Streptococcus mutans had high levels of ECC in children. Other bacteria with lesser numbers were Provetella, Veillonella, S. wiggsae, S. sobrinus, Lactobacillus, Leptrotrichia shahii, and Leptrotrichia IK04. Neisseria, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Leptotrichia buccalis were found in CF children. Other bacteria such as Hemophilus paraphrohaemolyticus HK411, Neisseria sicca 4320, Neisseria sp. oral clones AP132, Actinobacillus pleuro-pneumoniae MCCM 00189, and Streptococcus sp. ASCE06 oral clone was found in CF children but not in ECC children, while Lactobacillus sp C56 was found in half of ECC children and not in CF children. Conclusion: Streptococcus mutans levels in children with ECC are high, so they are assumed to be the main bacteria causing ECC. The bacterial profiles of ECC and CF children are different in species diversity. KEYWORDS: Early Childhood Caries, Bacterial, Children

Co-Authors Aditya, Linggar Risang Ahmad, Alifah Halimah Ahmad, Iwan Andiesta, Niekla Survia Anne Agustina Suwargiani Arlette Suzy Puspa Pertiwi Aryani, Dwi Destaria Cheema, Jasmine Kaur Darul Rabil Dewi, Aninda Kartika Eka Chemiawan Eriska Riyanti Faizal Hasan Ferianto Ferianto Gunawan, Idelia Hening Tjaturina Pramesti Ina Hendiani, Ina Inne Suherna Sasmita Intan Maulani Jakobus Runkat, Jakobus K.P., G.A. Savitri Kirana Lina Gunawan Lai Yi, Flora Ng Linggar Risang Aditya Liyana, Liyana Mieke Hemiawati Satari Mieke Hemiawati Satari Mohammad Ali, Nor Dayana Nadya Oktarina Hendy Niekla Survia Andiesta Paham, Anindya Larasati Prasonto, Djuned Pratidina, Naninda Berliana Rabil, Darul Raisya Aurellia Putri LESMANA Ratna Indriyanti Risti Saptarini Primarti Rizkyawati, Devy Rudy Hartanto Savitri Savitri Simanjuntak, Debora Rotua Novita Sinta Dwi ARDIYANTINI Syarief Hidayat Tika Faradina Araf, Tika Faradina Vera Yulina Warta Dewi Warta Dewi, Warta Wilda Kemala Maulani, Wilda Kemala Wita Puspitasari Yetty Herdiyati, Yetty

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