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All Journal JURNAL GIZI INDONESIA Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Jurnal Media Gizi Indonesia (MGI) Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal Amerta Nutrition Journal of Community Service and Empowerment Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Journal of Public Health Sciences Media Pendidikan Gizi dan Kuliner UPGRADE: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Dwiriani, Cesilia Meti
Nutrition Study Program, Faculty Of Medicine And Nutrition, IPB University, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemistry Computer Science & IT Dentistry Education Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Diet Quality, Nutrient Intake, and Estimated Iron and Zinc Bioavailability in Stunted and Normal Toddlers in Bogor Regency, Indonesia: A Comparative Study Rahmauldianti Safitri; Cesilia Meti Dwiriani; Dodik Briawan
Journal of Health and Nutrition Research Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Media Publikasi Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56303/jhnresearch.v5i2.1204

Abstract

There are still limited studies assessing nutrient intake, especially micronutrients, among stunted children under five. Indonesia also does not yet have official indicators to evaluate diet quality in young children. This study aimed to analyze the differences in diet quality, macro-and micronutrient adequacy, and estimated bioavailability of zinc and iron in stunted and normal toddlers. Using a comparative cross-sectional design, the study was conducted at Purwasari and Kampung Manggis Community Health Centers from August 1 to 26, 2025, involving 60 stunted and 60 normal children. Diet quality was assessed using an Indonesian-adapted Healthy Eating Index (HEI 2–5 years). The results showed significant differences between stunted and normal toddlers in maternal education (p=0.001), paternal education (p=0.043), paternal occupation (p=0.045), parity (p=0.028), per capita income (p=0.006), birth weight (p=0.003), and history of infectious diseases (p=0.019). Diet quality components that differed significantly included vegetables and green vegetables (p=0.031), fruits and fruit juices (p=0.009), and dietary diversity (p=0.003), with normal toddlers demonstrating higher scores. Normal toddlers also had significantly higher adequacy of macronutrients and micronutrients (p<0.05). Estimated iron and zinc absorption were significantly lower among stunted toddlers (iron p=0.019; zinc p=0.010), although overall iron and zinc bioavailability categories did not differ significantly between groups. Stunting among Indonesian toddlers is associated with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions, lower birth weight, history of infectious diseases, needs improvement diet quality, and reduced estimated micronutrient absorption. Interventions should prioritize improving dietary quality, increasing vitamin C intake to enhance iron absorption, and limiting dietary inhibitors such as tea, alongside broader strategies addressing household socioeconomic factors and child health.
Body fat percentage, not dietary inflammatory index, is associated with type 2 diabetes in reproductive-aged women: a case-control study Debby Endayani Safitri; Rimbawan Rimbawan; Cesilia Meti Dwiriani; Ali Khomsan; Vetnizah Juniantito; Nur Setiawati Rahayu
Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) Vol 14, No 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jgi.14.2.138-144

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in reproductive-aged women is a growing public health concern. While both adiposity and dietary factors are known to influence diabetes risk, their independent contributions remain unclear.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the association between body fat percentage, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with T2DM risk in reproductive-aged women.Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 70 women aged 30–50 years. Cases were women with diagnosed T2DM, and controls were non-diabetic women matched by residential area. BMI, body fat percentage, and DII were assessed and categorized: BMI (≤27 vs >27 kg/m²) and body fat percentage (≤32% vs >32%) were measured using a digital scale with bioelectrical impedance function and height assessed with a microtoise, while DII (low, medium, high tertiles) was calculated based on dietary data collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney test for group comparisons and logistic regression (bivariate and multivariate) to examine associations.Results: Body fat percentage and BMI were significantly higher in the T2DM group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.014, respectively). In bivariate logistic regression, high body fat percentage was significantly associated with T2DM (p = 0.007), BMI and DII were not (p = 0.095 and p = 0.662). In the multivariate model, only body fat percentage remained significant (OR = 5.58; 95%CI = 1.39-22.39; p = 0.015), while BMI (OR = 1.04; 95%CI = 0.32-3.41; p = 0.951) and DII (OR = 0.66; 95%CI = 0.34-1.28; p = 0.219) were not.Conclusion: Body fat percentage was an independent risk factor for T2DM in reproductive-aged women, whereas BMI and DII were not. These findings emphasize the need for precise body composition assessment and suggest adiposity may play a greater role than dietary inflammatory potential.Keywords: BMI; body fat percentage; dietary inflammatory index; reproductive-aged women; type 2 diabetes mellitus
Perbedaan Perubahan Selera Makan Selama Siklus Menstruasi: Studi Kasus Pada Wanita Usia Subur dengan Diabetes Tipe 2 dan Kontrol Debby Endayani Safitri; Rimbawan Rimbawan; Cesilia Meti Dwiriani; Ali Khomsan; Vetnizah Juniantito
Amerta Nutrition Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): AMERTA NUTRITION (Bilingual Edition)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v10i3.2026.465-469

Abstract

Background: Appetite changes during the menstrual cycle may be influenced by hormonal and metabolic fluctuations, potentially differing between women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objectives: To examine the association between appetite fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle and T2DM risk in reproductive-aged women. Methods: This case-control study included reproductive-aged women divided into T2DM and non-diabetic groups. Appetite changes were assessed across different menstrual phases (pre-menstrual, menstrual, and follicular), while dietary intake was analyzed using the Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression test and independent t-test. Results: During the premenstrual phase, women with T2DM experienced more increased appetite compared to the non-diabetic group (OR=1.53; 95% CI: 0.808–11.842; p-value=0.099). During the menstrual phase, increased appetite was more common in the non-diabetic group, while the diabetic group showed a more stable appetite response (OR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.028–0.772; p-value=0.029). In addition, women with T2DM had higher energy, protein, and fat intake compared to the non-diabetic group. Conclusions: Appetite regulation throughout the menstrual cycle differs between women with and without T2DM, suggesting potential metabolic dysregulation in diabetic individuals. Differences in dietary intake may also contribute to metabolic risk. Further research is needed to explore these relationships and develop appropriate nutritional interventions for women at risk of T2DM.
The Relationship Between the Village-Level Food Security Index and Stunting Prevalence Muhammad Rafki Pratama; Dodik Briawan; Cesilia Meti Dwiriani
MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal) Vol. 8 No. 8 (2026): MEDICA (International Medical Scientific Journal)
Publisher : Borneo Scientific Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53770/medica.v8i8.1175

Abstract

Stunting remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia. In Penajam Paser Utara (PPU) Regency, despite being classified as food-secure overall, the stunting prevalence remains high (21.8%), suggesting disparities in food security across villages. This study examined the relationship between the village-level Food Security Index (FSI) and stunting prevalence in PPU. An ecological correlational design was conducted using secondary data from the 2023 Precision Village Data (DDP), comprising 33,321 individuals and 7,639 households, and the 2023 community-based nutrition surveillance system (e-PPGBM), including 4,976 children under five from eight community health centres. Total sampling covered 40 of 54 villages (74%). The FSI was developed from nine indicators representing food availability, access, and utilisation, standardised using z-scores and normalised to a 0–100 scale. Data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Spearman correlation, and backward multiple linear regression. The mean village FSI was 57.81, indicating moderate vulnerability, while the mean stunting prevalence was 13.70%. FSI was significantly and inversely associated with stunting (ρ = −0.464; p = 0.003). Poverty emerged as the strongest predictor of stunting (β = 0.458; p = 0.002; adjusted R² = 0.261). Strengthening village food security through targeted poverty reduction should be prioritised to accelerate stunting reduction in PPU Regency.
Co-Authors Ade Hikmah Akifa Laila Rusyda Akifa Laila Rusyda Ali Khomsan Anita Rahmiwati Arfah Husna Asih Setiarini Baiq Fitria Rahmiati Batubara, Fithriani Besral Dadang Hikmah Purnama Debby Endayani Safitri Debby Endayani Safitri Diah Mulyawati Utari Dodik Briawan Erwindo Rinaldo Fatimah Zuhra Hadi Riyadi Hardinsyah Hidayat Syarief Ikeu Ekayanti Ikeu Tanziha Jihan Alfira Jihan Alfira Kusharisupeni Djokosujono Lilik Kustiyah Lorita Amanda Sardi Mia Mustika Hutria Utami Mira Dewi Muhammad Rafki Pratama Muhammad Rizki Ramadhani Nana Mulyana Nathasa Khalida Dalimunthe Nikmah Utami Dewi Nur Setiawati Rahayu Nuria Ikhsyania Nurul Maqfira Prita Dhyani Swamilaksita Rahmah Rahmauldianti Safitri Ramadhani Fitri Ranita Suri Dewi Ratna Djuwita Resa Ana Dina Rimbawan Rimbawan Rosdiana, Delita Septia Rusdi, Faza Yasira Setiawan, Budi Siti Amanah Sudikno Sudikno Tri Krianto Tsuraya Zafira Veny Rachmalinda Veny Rachmalinda Vetnizah Juniantito Yayuk Farida Baliwati